新概念第二册第二课重点讲解外语学习语法 _外语学习-语法 .pdf

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1、 Lesson 2B reakfast or lunch?【New words and expressions】生词和短语 until prep.直到 outside adv.外面 ring v.（铃、电话等）响（rang,rung）aunt n.姑，姨，婶，舅母 repeat v.重复 until prep.直到 until 用于表示动作、状态等的持续，可译为“一直到为止”或“在以前”。1）在肯定句中，它与表示持续性状态的动词连用，表示持续到某一时刻:I ll wait here until 5.我会在这里等到 5 点钟。His father was alive until he came

2、back.直到他回来为止,他爸爸都是活着的.2）在否定句中，它通常与描述短暂动作的动词连用，表示“到为止”、“直到才 She cannot arrive until 6.她到 6 点才能来。His father didnt die until he came back.直到他回来,他爸爸才死.3）until 后的从句的时间终止之前,这个动作做了还是没做？做了前面的主句用肯定；主句用否定:He _A（C）_（wait）until it stopped raining.A.waited B.didnt wait A.leave B.left C.didnt leave I stay in bed

3、until twelve oclock.I didnt get up until 12 oclock.outside adv.外面（作状语）He is waiting for me outside.It is cold outside.ring（rang.rung）v.（铃、电话等）响 vt.鸣，（铃、电话等）响（这种响是刺耳的,往往是提醒人做某事）Every morning the clock rings at 6.The telephone（door bell）is ringing.而风铃等响要用 jingle，jingle（bell）（铃儿）响叮当 vt.打电话给（美语中用 call）r

4、ing sb.给某人打电话 Tomorrow Ill ring you.n.（打）电话 give sb.a ring Remember to give me a ring./Remember to ring me.n.戒指 aunt n.姑,姨,婶,舅妈（所有长一辈的女性都用这个称呼）男性则是 uncle:叔叔 他们的孩子：cousin 堂兄妹（不分男女）aunt的孩子：nephew 外甥；niece 外甥女 repeat v.重复 vt.重复 Will you repeat the last word?They are repeating that wonderful party.vi.重做

5、，重说 Please repeat after me.Don t repeat.【Text】没做前面的 It was Sunday.I never get up early on Sundays.I sometimes stay in bed until lunchtime.Last Sunday I got up very late.I looked out of the window.It was dark outside.What a day!I thought.Its raining again.Just then,the telephone rang.It was my aunt L

6、ucy.Ive just arrived by train,she said.Im coming to see you.But Im still having breakfast,I said.What are you doing?she asked.Im having breakfast,I repeated.Dear me,she said.Do you always get up so late?Its one oclock!参考译文：那是个星期天,而在星期天我是从来不早起的,有时我要一直躺到吃午饭的时候.上个星期天,我起得很晚.我望望窗外,外面一片昏暗.“鬼天气!”我想 ,“又下雨了.

7、”正在这时,电话铃 响了.是我姑母露西打来的.“我刚下火车,”她说,“我这就来看你.”“但我还在吃早饭。”我说 .“你在干什么?”她问道 .“我正在吃早饭。”我又说了一遍 .“天啊,”她说,“你总是起得这么晚吗?现在已经 1 点钟了!”【课文讲解】1、It was Sunday.it 指时间、天气、温度或距离，it被称为“虚主语”（empty subject）。作为第三人称单数的中 性代词，it 可以指一件东西、一件事件或用来指是什么人：It is a lovely baby.2、I never get up early on Sundays.1）on Sundays:所有的星期天,每逢星期天

8、,与一般现在时连用，表示经常性的行为。介词 on一般用于表示某一天的时间短语中：on Monday，on Monday morning，on that day 当使用 last，next，this，that 时，介词（以及定冠词）必须省略：Ill see you next/this Friday.2）never 从来不（可以直接用在动词前面）=助动词+not（变成否定句,前面一定要加助动词）I dont like her.=I never like her.3、I sometimes stay in bed until lunchtime.在表达卧床时 bed前不需加冠词：Its time f

9、or bed now.You must stay/remain in bed for another two days.你必须再卧床两天。4、Just then,the telephone rang.It was my aunt Lucy.just then:就在那时 如果不知道对方性别,他/她可以用 it 取代 Who are you?/Who is it?5、Ive just arrived by train,1）by 直接加交通工具（不能有任何修饰词,复数）；如果加修饰词,就要换掉 by用 in 或 on I go out by bus.I go out in/on two buses.

10、（指具体的两辆车介词用 in/on）Long ago people could go to America only by ship/sea.2）如果是特指的交通工具，则要加冠词或其他限定词：My aunt left by the 9:15 train.by air 乘飞机 by bicycle/bike 骑自行车 定句中它与表示持续性状态的动词连用表示持续到某一时刻我会在这里等到点钟直到他回来为止他爸爸都是活着的在否定句中它通常与描述短暂动作的动词连用表示到为止直到才她到点才能来直到他回来他爸爸才死后的从句的时间响这种响是刺耳的往往是提醒人做某事而风铃等响要用铃儿响叮当打电话给美语中用给某人

11、打电话打电话戒指姑姨婶舅妈所有一辈的女性都用这个称呼男性则是叔叔他们的孩子堂兄妹不分男女的孩子外甥外甥女重复重复重做重说参窗外外面一片昏暗鬼天气我想又下雨了正在这时电话铃响了是我姑母露西打来的我刚下火车她说我这就来看你但我还在吃早饭我说你在干什么她问道我正在吃早饭我又说了一遍天啊她说你总是起得这么晚吗现在已经点钟了课文讲解 6、Im coming to see you.我将要来看你.用 come 的现在进行时态 be coming 表示一般将来，表示近期按计划或安排要进行的动作。用法的动词有：7、Dear me!天哪!英国人说 美国人说:My god!注意美英的发音不同.【Key struct

12、ures】现在进行时和一般现在时 1)现在进行时表示说话的当时正在发生或正在发生的事件,也用来表示现阶段(一段时间)的动 向。现在进行时常与 now，just，still 等副词连用：I am working as a teacher.现阶段 He is still sleeping.(现在还在睡觉)Jane is just dressing up.简正在打扮。2)一般现在时表示习惯性动作,真理,是过去、现在和未来都会发生的事情。一般现在时一般 与频率副词 often，always，sometimes，never，frequently，rarely，ever 等连用。Helen never w

13、rites to her brother Tony.She sometimes rings him.频率副词 1)频率副词往往放在句子中的实义动词前,非实义动词后；He often gets up late.Tea is always at four oclock.Is tea always at four oclock?非实义动词:(除此之外都是实义动词)系动词 (be)帮助动词构成时态的助动词 (do,does,will,shall,have,had,has)情态动词(must,can,may)2)如果既有实义动词又有非实义动词,要放在两个之间；I could never find the

14、 place.He has seldom been to see me.3)疑问句中副词往往放在主语后面；Do you always get up so late?4)在否定句中 not 必须放在 always 之前，而且也出现在 generally、normally、often、regularly 和 usually之前；not 必须出现在 sometimes和frequently 之后。He doesnt always come by train.5)表示肯定的副词可以用在句尾；I get paid on Friday usually.在特别强调和需要对比时，frequently、some

15、times、generally、normally、usually 等副词可用于句 首。Very often the phone rings when I m in bath.6)形容词作状语 I frequently go to bed hungry.我常常空腹去睡觉。He often gets up late.他时常起床很晚。He went to school hungry.他饿着肚子上学.You must come here hungry.你必须空腹来这里.【Special Difficulties】以 what 开头的感叹句：在英语中可用 what 引导的感叹句来表示惊奇、愤怒、赞赏、喜

16、悦等感情，在感叹中主谓语采用 正常语序。by boat 乘船 by car 乘小汽车 by plane 乘飞机 by ship 乘船 by bus 乘公共汽车 by land 由陆路 by sea 由海路 by train 乘火车 同样 go，come，leave，arrive，land（着陆），meet，die，start，return，Dear me!或 My dear!定句中它与表示持续性状态的动词连用表示持续到某一时刻我会在这里等到点钟直到他回来为止他爸爸都是活着的在否定句中它通常与描述短暂动作的动词连用表示到为止直到才她到点才能来直到他回来他爸爸才死后的从句的时间响这种响是刺耳的往往

17、是提醒人做某事而风铃等响要用铃儿响叮当打电话给美语中用给某人打电话打电话戒指姑姨婶舅妈所有一辈的女性都用这个称呼男性则是叔叔他们的孩子堂兄妹不分男女的孩子外甥外甥女重复重复重做重说参窗外外面一片昏暗鬼天气我想又下雨了正在这时电话铃响了是我姑母露西打来的我刚下火车她说我这就来看你但我还在吃早饭我说你在干什么她问道我正在吃早饭我又说了一遍天啊她说你总是起得这么晚吗现在已经点钟了课文讲解What 对名词感叹，感叹句的结构为：What+a/an(+adj.)+n.(+主语+谓语)!What a good girl(she is)!(主、谓可省)有上下文和一定的语境,才能省略形容词。一般省略形容词表示批

18、评或不大好的意思。What a thing to say!多么难听的话啊！What(a lot of)trouble(he is causing)!【Multiple choice questions】5.He doesnt get up early on Sundays.He gets up _a_.a.late b.lately c.slowly d.hardly late 晚的 lately =recently 最近的,近来的.How are you going lately?最近一段时间身体还好吗?8.He _a_ out of the window and saw that it w

19、as raining.a.looked b.saw c.remarked d.watched look 表示看的动作，后面一定要加介词 see 表示看的结果，后面直接加宾语 watch 表示观看，后面直接加宾语,但宾语一定是能够活动的东西 look at pictures(对)；watch pictures(错)11.Breakfast is the first _d_ of the day.a.food b.dinner c.lunch d.meal lunch 中餐 food 食物 dinner 正餐 一天中最丰盛的那顿饭,可能是中餐,也可能是晚餐,但决不会是早餐.meal 一顿饭 Key

20、 to KS Exercises A 1 are playing?play?is kicking?is running 2 What are you doing?my landlady asked.Im leaving,Mrs.Lynch,I answered.Why are you leaving?she asked.?friends never come to visit me?I frequently go to bed?I rarely listen?I always feel cold?B 1 She rarely answers my letters.2 We never work

21、 after six oclock.3 The shops always close on Saturday afternoons.4 Do you always go to work by car?5 Our teacher frequently collects our exercise books.6 We sometimes spend our holidays abroad.7 I often buy CDs.8 Do you ever buy CDs?Key to SD Exercises 1 What a wonderful garden(this is)!2 What a su

22、rprise(this is)!3 What a lot of trouble he is causing!4 What wonderful actors(they are)!5 What a hard-working woman(she is)!6 What a tall building(it is)!7 What a terrible film(it is)!8 What a clever boy you are!9 What a pretty girl(she is)!10 What a strange guy(he is)!Key to Multiple choice questio

23、ns 1 c 2 d 3 c 4 c 5 a 6 b 7 b 8 a 9 d 10 c 11 d 12 b Key to Sentence structure Ive just arrived by train.定句中它与表示持续性状态的动词连用表示持续到某一时刻我会在这里等到点钟直到他回来为止他爸爸都是活着的在否定句中它通常与描述短暂动作的动词连用表示到为止直到才她到点才能来直到他回来他爸爸才死后的从句的时间响这种响是刺耳的往往是提醒人做某事而风铃等响要用铃儿响叮当打电话给美语中用给某人打电话打电话戒指姑姨婶舅妈所有一辈的女性都用这个称呼男性则是叔叔他们的孩子堂兄妹不分男女的孩子外甥外甥女重复重复重做重说参窗外外面一片昏暗鬼天气我想又下雨了正在这时电话铃响了是我姑母露西打来的我刚下火车她说我这就来看你但我还在吃早饭我说你在干什么她问道我正在吃早饭我又说了一遍天啊她说你总是起得这么晚吗现在已经点钟了课文讲解