八年级英语下册Unit1-5单元语法归纳.docx

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1、八年级英语下册Unitl-5单元语法归纳Unit 1重点语法教学目标：掌握情态动词should的用法掌握反身代词的用法1 .情态动词should的用法（1 ）情态动词should后接动词原形，变为一般疑问句 时将should提前，变为否定句时在should后面加not。 We shou1d listen to our teacher carefully in class. Shou 1d I tell him the news right now?We shou1dn, t come late to school.（2 ） should常用于以下两种情况：提出建议、观点或看法。You loo

2、tired. You shou1d lie down and rest.表示推测，意为“该，按理应当“。Wait a minute. I thin he should come in a moment.2 .反身代词（1 ）反身代词的构成反身代词是表示或强调自身的代词，有人称和数之分。 第一、二人称反身代词由“形容词性物主代词+ self （单数）或selves （复数）”构成；第三人称则由“宾 格人称代词+ self （单数）或selves（复数）”构 成。详见下表：(1 ) not. . . until.的用法until意为“直到”。单独使用时，until和till通常可以互换使用，但要注

3、意的是till 一般只用于句中， 而until即可以放在句首，也可以放在句末。The noise of the street didn t stop until midnight.He lived with his parents until/ till he graduated from col lege. 注意： 当主句的动词为非延续性动词时，要用not. 一 until.结构；当主句的动词为延续性动词时，可用 t i 11 或 unt i 1 o(2 ) so that引导的目的或结果状语从句so that意为“以便”，引导目的状语从句时，一般 放在主句后，且不用逗号隔开。目的状语从句表

4、示动机(即一种可能性)，而非事实。因此，从句中常含有can, will, could , wou 1 d , should 等情态动词。He too a tai so that he could get there earlier.so that意为“以致于；结果“，引导结果状语从句， 陈述的是客观事实，常常不带情态动词。I studied Engli sh hard so that I passed the Engli sh earn.(3 ) al though con j.虽然 做连词时，although和though通常可以相互转换。A1 though/ though she smil

5、ed, she was angry.although常放在从句的开头，当用连接词语或短语 时，though更为常用且位置灵活，不仅局限在开头。Wiser though poorer尽管穷一些但更有头脑以下情况只用though oa.与even连用时用though表示强调，这里的even though 二 even if,意为“即使也”。b.当让步状语从句指某种假设情况时，通常用though, 而不用al though oThough all the wor 1 d were against me, I shou 1 d still hold to my opinion.就算全世界都反对我，我还

6、是坚持我的观点。c. Though可以独立用作副词，常放在句末，意为“还是， 仍然，可是，然而”.It s hard wor. I enjoy i t, though. though引导让步状语从句时可以倒装，而although 引导的让步状语从句则不能。Brave 1y though they fought, they had no chance of winning.注意：although和though在句中不能与but连用，但可 与副词yet连用。即句中用了 although或though就不能再使用but 了 oAl though i t was so cold, he went ou

7、t without an overcoat.Unit 5重点语法教学目标：掌握过去进行时的用法及跟一般过去时的区别掌握when和whi 1 e用法及区别I .过去进行时(1 )过去进行时的用法。过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行或发生的动作，由“was / were +现在分词”构成。现以动词wor为例，其肯定式、否定式和疑问句式见下表：肯定式否定式1/ He / She was woring.I / He / It was not woring.We/ You/ They were wo We / You / They were not wor i ng. ring.疑问式和简

8、略回答Were you wor i Was he/ she/ i t wor Was I woring? ng?ing?Yes, you were.Yes, I was. Yes, he/ she/ i t wa No , you were not.No, I wasn t s.No, he/ she/ i t was n t.Were we/ you/ they woring? Yes, you/ we/ they were.No, you/ we/ they weren, t.表示过去进行时的时间状语有：at that time, this time yesterday, at ten y

9、esterday evening, from eight to twelve yesterday以及when, while引导的时间状语从 句。It was raining at 6 o c1oc this morning.What were you doing this time last night?He was sleeping when the UFO arrived.(2 )与一般过去时的区别。表示已完成的动作用一般过去时，未完成的动作则可用过去进行时。I wrote a letter this morning.I was writing a letter this morning.

10、一般过去时侧重于叙述事实，过去进行时则侧重于动 作的持续性，从而更具描绘性。It snowed last night. It s all white outside now.II was snowing last night, so it was very cold. 两个动作同时发生时，较短的动作可用一般过去时， 而较长时间的动作可以用过去进行时表示。Mom was tai i ng with Sue s teacher when Sue entered the room.2. When与while的区别When和while都可以引导时间状语从句，表示“当时候”，但是二者之间又有区别。(1

11、) when引导的时间状语从句中的动词可以是非延续 性动词，也可以是延续性动词，而while从句中的动词 必须是延续性动词。I was watching TV when you called me.11 began to rain while we were waling in the par.(2 ) when说明从句动作和主句动作可同时发生，也可 先后发生。而while强调主句动作在从句动作发生的过 程中同时发生。When the pot fell to pi eces , the girl began to r eal i e that she was not alone.(3 ) wh

12、en或while引导的时间状语从句可以相互改写， 但while引导的句子常用进行时态。When they came i n, the girl was danc i ng.= While the girl was danc ing, they came in.(4 ) while还可以做并列连词，意为“而，却”，表示 “对比关系”，有轻微的转折之意。She i s very outgoing, while her sister i s a little shy.人称 单数复数（-selves）第一人称 myself 我自己 ourselves我们自己第二人称 yourself 你自己 your

13、selves你们自己himself他自己第三人称herse 1 f 她自己 themselves他/她/它们自己 itself它自己（2 ）反身代词的用法做宾语You must loo after yourse1f well and eep healthy.The child can dress himself.做同位语He didn t often go shopping himself.= He himself didn t often go shopping.做主语在现代英语中，反身代词一般不能独立用作主语，但是 它可以借助and, or, nor等连词与其他名词一起构成并 列主语（且位

14、于并列主语的后部），以及用于某些特殊 结构（如as.as等）。My brother and myself went there yesterday.He was as anious as myself.Jim s sister and himself get up at s i every day.（3）含反身代词的短语小结 by onese 1 f 独自，单独 for onese 1 f 亲自teach oneself 自 学 1 earn. . .by onese1f 自 学enjoy oneself 玩得开say to onese 1 f 自言自语 心help oneself to.随意

15、吃/ 喝 dress oneself 穿衣服氏 I am able to do i t by myself.I teach myself Engli sh i n my spare time.They enjoyed themselves at the party.Unit 2 重点语法教学目标：掌握不定式几种重要用法1.动词不定式动词不定式的基本结构为“to +动词原形”(有时可不加to) o在句中除了不能充当谓语外，其他成分都可以 充当，如：主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、宾语补足 语等。此处主要讲做宾语补足语和状语的用法。(1)做宾语补足语。动词不定式做宾语补足语，放在宾语的后面，表示宾语

16、 是什么或怎么样。有to do和to be两种形式。The doctor advi sed him to tae a good rest.I find Engli sh to be very easy.注意：在 as , tell, encourage, get, wish, want, wou1d lie, find, adv i se , teach等动词或短语之后，常接带to的 不定式做宾语补足语。We ased him to sing a pop song at the party.我们请他在聚会上唱一首流行歌曲。动词不定式做宾语补足语时，不定式符号t。在使役动词 (have, mae

17、, let )、感官动词 (feel, hear, watch, see , not i ce等)的后面时要省略。但它们变为被动语 态时，不定式符号t。不能省略。The boss made the worers wor over ten hours a day in the past.二 The worers were made to wor over ten hours a day by the boss in the past.动词help接不定式做宾语补足语时，不定式符号t。可 省略也可不省略。He often comes to help us ( to ) do some farm w

18、or.拓展动词不定式在listen to, loo at后做宾语补足语时， 常省略tOoI 1 i s tened to him sing.我听到他唱歌。动词不定式在had better等词组后做宾语时，省略to。You d better go home at once.(2)做状语 表目的：不定式可放在句子的前面也可放在句子的末 尾。但在句中前面时，不定式常与句子用逗号隔开；而 在句子末尾时，一般不用逗号隔开。To get there on time, we set out at five in the morning.We set out at five in the morning to

19、 get there on time. 表结果：不定式做结果状语，一般位于句子末尾。I went to the classroom, to di scover i t empty.2.动词短语动词短语是指动词和介词或副词等搭配而成的短语，如 clean up, give out, cheer up, put of f, set up, thin up, tae after, fi up, give away, put up, hand out 等。动词短语主要有以下四种构成形式：(1 )动词+介词这类动词短语主要有：agree with, as for, arrive at / in, beg

20、in with , come f rom, get to , get on, get of f, hear of , noc at / on , 1 augh at, loo at, loo after , loo for, listen to, wait for, t ae after 等。注意：这类动词短语后面的宾语无论是名词还是代词， 都要放在介词之后。I am 100 i ng for my pen. I have been 1oo i ng for i t for two hours.(2 )动词+副词这类动词短语主要有：find out, get bac , give out, l

21、oo up , put on , put up , put of f, pass on , turn on / of f , t ae out, write down, wae up, wor out, put away, thin up等。注意：这类动词短语后面的宾语是名词时，名词可放在 副词之前，也可放在副词之后；宾语是代词时，代词只 能放在副词之前。Please pic up the pen. = Pl ease pic the pen up. Can you pic i t up?(3 )动词+名词+介词这类动词短语有：have a loo at, mae friends with,

22、pay at tent ion to, tae care of, loo forward to 等。注意：在这类动词短语中，宾语都放在介词之后。You should pay more att ent ion to your pronunciation.(4 )动词+形容词+介词这类动词短语主要有：be angry with, be busy with, be good / bad f or, be different f r om, be late for, be interested in, be famous for , be good at 等。Don t be angry with h

23、im. He i s only a child.Unit 3 重点语法教学目标：掌握Could you please.?句型的用法 Could you please. . . ?句型(1 )请求别人帮忙做某事时通常用此句型，也可以说： Can you . . . please? 情 态动词could或can 在这里均表 示请求，在意思上无区别，但是用could比can在语气 上更显得委婉、客气、诚恳。在日常生活中常使用Could you / I. . . ?若在句末加上please,则显得更礼貌。Cou 1 d you p1 ease help me find my boo, pl ease?

24、你能帮我找到我的书吗？(2 )对Could you / I. 一？的问句做出肯定回答，常用 Sure/Certainly/Of course. ” 等；如果做否定回答， 常用 “Sorry. / Oh, p lease don t.” 一 般不用 no 开 头，用n。显得语气生硬、不礼貌。Could you give me a bottle of orange juice, please?Sure. Here you are.Could you carry the bo for me?Sorry, I can t. I m busy now.(3)表示请求的其他句式：Would you p1

25、ease lie to do sth. ?Would you mind doing sth. ?Let s do sth.Shall I /we do sth.?Please dosth.Unit 4重点语法教学目标：掌握表达建议的常考句型。掌握连词until, so that及although引导的状语从句 的用法1.提建议的常用表达(1)常用表达 Why don t you do sth. ?相当于 Why not do sth. ? 意为“你为什么不做某事呢？ ”。Why don t you tai to your parents? = Why not tai to your paren

26、ts? What/ How about ( doing ) sth. ? 意为“(做)某 事怎么样/好吗？ ”。What/ How about having dinner with me?Let s do sth.意为“咱们做某事吧” oLet s mae a birthday card for her. You should ( not )do sth.意为“你（不）应该You should ( not ) domore eerc i se. You d better ( not）do sth.意为“你最好（不）You d better ( not )go out. Would you li

27、e sth./ to do sth. ?意为“你想要某物/做某事吗”。Would you lie to havea try? You could do sth.意为“你可以做某事”。You could write to her.（2 ）常用答语Good idea! / That s a good idea! 0. / All right./ Great. / Yes. Please. / I d love to.No prob 1 em. / Sounds good/ great. / I agree with yoU.I don t thin so.I dlove/lie to, but I have to.否定ThatsoundsboringafraidSorry, I cant. / Sorry, but.2.连词until, so that及al though引导的状语从句