2023届北京市顺义区高三下学期第二次英语统练题（解析版）.docx

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1、顺义区2023届高三第二次统练英语试卷第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节（共10小题；每小题L5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂A first responder on a motorcycle pulls up with great urgency to the entrance of a supermarket. I thought that there was a(n) 1 inside the store-a pretty logical conclusion. But then I saw him

2、take out a shopping2 . I had to investigate further.He told me he had just been at an apartment where an elderly man required medical attention. After his condition was 3, the older mans part-time caregiver came over to monitor the situation. Before leaving theapartment, the first responder 4 the ma

3、ns refrigerator and noticed that it was nearly empty. So in consultation with the caregiver, he quickly wrote up the shopping list and 5 over to the supermarket. I helped the first responder get some of the 6 items and my job was fruits and vegetables. But I asked the first responder why he thought

4、of checking the refrigerator. He replied that he does it on a(n) 7 basis. Besides, when he tells various supermarkets what his mission is, they invariably give him a discount. He takes the phone number of the people for whom he is 8 the items to tell them afterward what to expect to pay. And then th

5、e store also agrees to do the9 for no charge no matter how small the grocery bill is.“What a complex operation； I said to the first responder.He replied: Its just a(n)10 little service. If they eat better, they911 hopefully stay healthier.1. A. exhibitionB. conflictC. discountD. emergency2. A. baske

6、tB. guideC. billD. list3. A. changedB. stabilizedC. identifiedD. reported4. A. repairedB. cleanedC. checkedD. defrosted5. A. rushedB. walkedC. stormedD. wandered6. A. popularB. personalC. necessaryD. valuable7. A. equalB. regularC. temporaryD.sound8. A. purchasingB. choosingC. separatingD. preparing

7、9. A. businessB. favorC. sellingD. delivery10. A. extraB. constantC. standardD. traditionalconfidence suffered.（但后来，我觉得我的幸福受到了威胁，然后我的信心受到了打击）”和第四段中“It isnt easy learning ventriloquism.（学习腹语并不容易）”以及最后一段 “Thanks to my brother, I created a lifetime with Freddie.（多亏了我弟弟，我和Freddie共度了一生）”可知，作者一开始和弟弟学习下棋和其

8、他 游戏，弟弟赢了作者，作者会为他开心，但后来感觉自己的幸福受到威胁，所以想要有一个比弟弟更好的 特殊才能，转而决定学习腹语，虽然学习腹语并不容易但作者坚持了很多年，故作者是个敏感且坚定的 人。故选D。COne of the major reasons we take photos in the first place is to remember a moment long after it has passed: the birth of a baby, a reunion, etc. However, every time we snap a quick picture of somet

9、hing, we could in fact be harming our memory of it.Linda Henkel, a professor of psychology at Fairfield University in Connecticut, studied how taking photos impacts experience and memory. She conducted an experiment using a group of undergraduates on a guided tour of the universitys Bellarmine Museu

10、m of Art. The students were asked to take photos of objects that they looked at on the tour and to simply observe others. Later, she tested their memory of all the objects they had seen on the tour. The results were clear. Overall, people remembered fewer of the objects they had photographed. They a

11、lso couldnt recall as many specific visual details of the photographed art, compared to the art they had merely observed.“When you take a photo of something, youre counting on the camera to remember fbr you J Henkel said. “You dont engage in any of the complex or emotional kinds of processing that r

12、eally would help you remember those experiences, because youve outsourced it to your camera.”Then, Henkel ran another study. This time when people took a tour of the museum, they were asked to take two kinds of photos: those of the objects in the exhibit alone and those with them standing next to th

13、e objects. It turns out that it actually changes their viewpoint on the experience, whether theyre in a photo or not. In other words, if you are in the image, you become more removed from the original moment as if you are an observer watching yourself doing something outside yourself. Interestingly,

14、 if you are not in the image, you remember more.Henkel doesnt disagree that the purpose of outsourcing our memory to devices can free up our brains to do other cognitive （认矢口的）processing. But from the experiments Henkel is sure that cameras cant compare to what the brain is capable of with input fro

15、m the eyes and the ears.28. What can we conclude from Henkels first experiment?A. People take photos to remember a moment.B. Taking photos is a complex or emotional process.C. Taking photos influences experience and memory.D. People observe more of the objects when taking photos.29. When you are in

16、a photo, you.A. return to the original momentB. remember more about the objectC. change your viewpoint on the photoD. become an observer outside yourself30. What is the authors purpose in writing this passage?A. To explain the reasons why people take photos.B. To introduce the disadvantages of takin

17、g photos.C. To persuade people not to rely on photos for memory.D. To express disapproval of the use of devices to free brains.【答案】28.C29. D 30. C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文，本文主要介绍了关于拍照对体验和记忆的影响的实验，当人们拍照时他们没有参 与任何复杂或情绪化的处理，不利于记住那些经历，所以当人们快速抓拍某事时，实际上可能在损害对它的 记忆。【28题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句 u Overall, people remembered

18、 fewer of the objects they had photographed.They also couldnt recall as many specific visual details of the photographed art, compared to the art they had merely observed.（总的来说，人们记住的照片中的物体较少。与他们仅仅观察到的艺术品相比，他们也无法 回忆起拍摄的艺术品的许多具体视觉细节）”可知，在第一个实验中，学生们被要求对他们在旅行中看到的 物体拍照，并简单地观察其他物体，结果人们记住的照片中的物体较少，与他们仅仅观察到

19、的艺术品相 比，他们也无法回忆起拍摄的艺术品的许多具体视觉细节，由此可推知，拍照会影响体验和记忆。故选Co【29题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中 “In other words, if you are in the image, you become more removed from the original moment as if you are an observer watching yourself doing something outside yourself.（换句话说，如果你 在图像中，你就会离最初的时刻越来越远，就好像你是一个观察者，看着自己在做自己之外的事情）”可

20、知，如果你在照片中，你就成为了自己之外的观察者。故选D。【30题详解】推理判断题。根据文章内容，结合文章最后一句But from the experiments Henkel is sure that cameras cant compare to what the brain is capable of with input from the eyes and the ears.（但从实验中，Henkel 确信， 相机 无法与大脑通过眼睛和耳朵输入的信息相比）”可知，本文主要介绍了关于拍照对体验和记忆的影响的实 验，当人们拍照时他们没有参与任何复杂或情绪化的处理，所以不利于记住那些经历，相机

21、无法与大脑通 过眼睛和耳朵输入的信息相比，故本文旨在说服人们不要依靠照片来记忆。故选C。DAmong the excitement of all things artificial intelligence, writers are increasingly wrestling with a hard truth: It appears robots are coming for their jobs. Little more than a plaything of researchers a decade ago, AI and automated robots are regularly

22、producing countless articles on a daily basis.Observes Mayur Bhatt, marketing head, SEO Services Guru: It is only a matter of time before algorithms （算 法）are able to write articles on any topic and for any target group.Adds noted author Stephen Marche: Whatever field you are in, if it uses language,

23、 it is about to be transfdrmed. People of writing driven by AI insist the robots are simply here to serve humanity9. Robots will do the hard labor work, they say. Writers will be freed-up to engage in more interesting, more in-depth and more creative work.But for the many writers and editors who hav

24、e already lost their jobs to AI, that pleasant future is a tough sell. Consider Radar, a hyper-local news service that has been generating Al-written articles in the UK since 2017. Instead of using reporters to cover news beats, Radar relies on robots. Those automatons mine government databases on c

25、rime, health, environment and similar-and then auto-write stories from that data with an extremely local hook. For example: Radars AI software can ingest a new government report on crime across the UK, and then auto-generate hundreds of customized stories from the study, based on localized data. Eac

26、h story is hyper-localized to a town or even a smaller community by including data from the government report. The resulting micro-focused stories are sold to news outlets throughout Britain -as well as to any other news outlet that might be interested. Gary Rogers, editor-in-chief, Radar: There is

27、open data across all the main beats of news health, crime, transport, etc. filled with stories waiting to be told.So far, many writers are aware of the adoption of Al-generated writing via a few, well-publicized stories about the tech*s use at major news organizations like Bloomberg, the BBC and The

28、 New York Times. But it turns out those above represent only smattering of whats really going on. A 2021 study found that 15% of news stories are now automatically generated at leading news outlets using AL Moreover, the adoption of Al-generated writing has gone far beyond news-reporting, cropping-u

29、p across a wide range of writing jobs.To date, human beings still best their robot competitors in writing of the highest quality. Even so, the hard fact remains that AI will be producing an increasing number of automated writing in coming years that competes in a world often entrapped in the icy hol

30、d of good enough9.31. What can be inferred from paragraph 2?B. Writing is more than a plaything.D. AI writing has great potential.B. By including official data.D. By reporting main news beats.A. Algorithms can write articles quickly.C. Writing is hard but interesting.32. How does Radar generate Al-w

31、ritten articles?A. By quoting local stories.C By selling customized stories.33. What does the underlined word “smattering in paragraph 5 probably mean?A. An unfair fact.B. A small part.C. An original idea.D. A basic research.34. Which would be the best title for the passage?A. How AI is Automating W

32、riting JobsB. How AI Serves Humanity in WritingC. How AI is Widely Accepted in WritingD. How AI Entraps Writers in the Icy World【答案】3LD 32. B 33. B 34. A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了人工智能是如何自动写文章的。31题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第二段 uObserves Mayur Bhatt, marketing head, SEO Services Guru: It is only a matter of time befor

33、e algorithms （算法）are able to write articles on any topic and for any target group. Adds noted author Stephen Marche: Whatever field you are in, if it uses language, it is about to be transfbrmed.”（营车肖主管、 搜索弓I 擎优化服务大师Mayur Bhatt说：“算法能够针对任何主题和任何目标群体撰写文章只是时间问题。著名 作家Stephen Marche补充道：“无论你在哪个领域，只要它使用语言，它

34、就会被改变。可知，人工智 能写作潜力很大。故选D项。【32题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Those automatons mine government databases on crime, health, environment and similar-and then auto-write stories from that data with an extremely local hook.For example: Radar*s AI software can ingest a new government report on crime across the UK, and

35、then auto-generate hundreds of customized stories from the study, based on localized data.（这些机器人挖掘政府关于犯罪、健康、环境等方面 的数据库，然后根据这些数据自动编写故事。例如:Radar的人工智能软件可以吸收一份关于英国各地犯罪的新政府报告，然后根据本地化数据自动生成数百个定制故事。）”可知，Radar通过纳入官方数据，才得以使机器人能够根据数据编写故事。故选B项。【33题详解】词义猜测题。根据文章倒数第二段 “So far, many writers are aware of the adopt

36、ion of Al-generated writing via a few, well-publicized stories about the techs use at major news organizations like Bloomberg, the BBC and The New York Times.（到目前为止，通过彭博社（Bloomberg）、英国广播公司和纽约时报等主要新闻机构的 几篇关于人工智能写作的广泛报道，许多作家都知道了人工智能写作的应用。）”可知，人工智能写作似乎 受至U广泛运用，而后文 “ A 2021 study found that 15% of news

37、stories are now automatically generated at leading news outlets using AI.（2021年的一项研究发现，现在15%的新闻报道是由领先的新闻媒体使用人工 智能自动生成的。）”表示只有15%的内容是人工智能生成的。并结合划线句前的but可以推测出，人工智 能写作并没有大规模广泛运用，即那些报道只能代表小部分数据。故划线词与B项“小部分”意思相近。 故选B项。【34题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段内容 “Among the excitement of all things artificial intelligence, write

38、rs are increasingly wrestling with a hard truth: It appears robots are coming for their jobs. Little more than a plaything of researchers a decade ago, AI and automated robots are regularly producing countless articles on a daily basis.（在所 有人工智能令人兴奋的事情中，作家们越来越多地在与一个残酷的事实作斗争:机器人似乎正在取代他们 的工作。十年前，人工智能和

39、自动化机器人还只是研究人员的玩物，如今每天都能写出无数篇文章。）” 以及下文内容可知，文章主要讲述了人工智能和写作之间的关系，具体来说是人工智能如何自动生成文 章，也就是如何使写作工作自动化。故A项为最佳标题。故选A项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Confirmation bias（偏见）is our tendency to seek out information that confirms our existing beliefs. It also describes

40、how we try to find ways to look at unclear information in ways that support rather than challenge those beliefs - or simply ignore information that contradicts them. 35People usually don*t engage in confirmation bias on purpose. 36 For example, if you heard that a politician you support was caught i

41、n a scandal（丑闻），you might be more likely to believe explanations that make them look less guilty. Meanwhile, people who dislike that politician would probably be more likely to believe stories that make them look worse.So what can we do to avoid confirmation bias? 37 This can help us check if we onl

42、y believe certainthings because we never seriously considered other possibilities. Its also easy to surround ourselves with an “echo chamber“ of people who think the same way we do-especially on social media. 38 It can help us understand that there may be other ways to see the same issue.And perhaps

43、 most importantly: we have to be careful not to jump to conclusions. 39 We should try to learn more before deciding how we feel about something, even if its very important to us. But thats often easier said than done.A. The thing we most want to believe might not actually be true.B. But research has

44、 found that it is real and affects our judgment.C. But it can be helpful to talk to people who don*t share our beliefs.D. Research has shown that confirmation bias occurs in several contexts.E. Most of all, accept that you have biases that impact your decision-making.F. One thing we can do is try to

45、 look fbr evidence that contradicts our beliefs.G. This is especially true fbr information about things that feel very important to us.【答案】35. G 36. B 37. F 38. C 39. A【解析】【35题详解】上文 “It also describes how we try to find ways to look at unclear information in ways that support rather than challenge t

46、hose beliefs 一 or simply ignore information that contradicts them.（它还描述了 我们如何试图找到方 法来看待不清楚的信息，以支持而不是挑战这些信念一一或者简单地忽略与它们相矛盾的信息。）”提到关 键词information “信息”，空处承接上文，也需要提到information “信息”。G项“对于我们觉得非常重 要的事情的信息尤其如此。中information为原文复现。故选G项。【36题详解】上文 “People usually dont engage in confirmation bias on purposed人们通

47、常不会故意产生确认偏误。）”提到 confirmation bias不常出现；而下文提到confirmation bias在日常生活中的体现，故空处需要表转折。B项“但是研究发现它是真实存在的，而且会影响我们的判断。”有转折，且it代指前文confirmation bias,符 合文意。故选B项。【37题详解】上文“So what can we do to avoid confirmation bias?（那么我们能做些什么来避免确认偏误呢？）”作者表示 提问，如何避免认知偏见；下文 “This can help us check if we only believe certain thin

48、gs because we never seriously considered other possibilities4这可以帮助我们检查我们是否只相信某些事情，因为我们从来没有认 真考虑过其他可能性。）”承接上文，并且由代词this,由此可以推测出，空处承上启下，this指代一种做 法。F项“我们能做的一件事就是试图寻找与我们的信念相矛盾的证据。”符合文意。故选F项。【38题详解】下文 “It can help us understand that there may be other ways to see the same issue.（它可以帮助我们理解可能有 其他方式来看待同一问题。）”中有代词it,且空处承接上文，故空处需要填另一种做法。C项“但是和与 我们信仰不同的人交谈是有帮助的。”强调了做法和看事情需要看两面，符合段意。故选C项。【39题详解】上文 “And perhaps most importantly: we have to be careful not to jump to conclusions.（也许最重要的是：我们 必须小心，不要妄下结论。）”和下文 “We should try to learn more before deciding ho