重庆市第一中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期末英语试题.docx

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1、重庆一中高2025届高一上期期末考试英语试题卷英语试题卷共10页。满分150分。考试时间120分钟。注意事项:1 .答题前，务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡规定的位置上。2 .答选择题时，必须使用2B铅笔将答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。3 .答非选择题时，必须使用05毫米黑色签字笔，将答案书写在答题卡规定的位置上。4 .所有题目必须在答题卡上作答，在试题卷上答题无效。 第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题L5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试

2、卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅 读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1. What are the speakers talking about?A. A travel plan. B. A spelling mistake. C. The womans hometown.2. What is the relationship between the woman and Mike?A. Teacher and student. B. Fellow workers. C. Mother and son.3. What does the man suggest Ge

3、orge do?A. Have a good rest. B. Look for a new job. C. Travel around the world.4. What does the woman think of the sharks?A. Amazing. B. Frightening. C. Friendly.5. What do we know about Peter?A. He isnt talkative. B. He studied very hard. C. He failed to get into college.第二节（共15小题；每小题L5分，满分22.5分）听下

4、面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听下面一段对话，回答第6和第7两个小题。6. How many times did the woman call the man yesterday?A. Once. B. Twice. C. Three times.7. Why didnt the man answer the womans call?A. He was busy doing the laund

5、ry.8. He didnt take his phone.9. He ignored her phone calls.10. We should choose materials right for our level.【答案】12.A13. D 14. B 15. D【解析】【导语l本文为一篇说明文。讲述了我们的大脑是一个词汇学习机器，研究者用N400来研究了大脑是如 何处理我们所遇到的单词组合，并且提出学习语言时，应选择适合自己水平的读本。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段首句 “You may not know it, but your brain is already an a

6、mazing vocabulary learning machine.（你可能不知道，但是你的大脑已经是一个很好的词汇学习机器。）”可知，后文举例说 明你的大脑是一个很好的词汇学习机器，故第一段的目的是为了陈述我们的大脑是词汇学习机器的这个 事实，故选A。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段 “The N400 is relatively small for expected word combinations, like coffee and cream, and increases in height for unexpected word combinations, like cof

7、fee and cap.（对于预料中的单词组 合，比如说咖啡和冰淇淋，N400相对来说比较低；但是对于预料之外的单词组合时，比如说咖啡和帽 子，N400就会增加。）”可知，如果N400上升的话，那就意味着我们遇到了意料之外的单词组合，故选 Do【14题详解】细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段 “To get better at this, we need to flood our brains with loads of natural content, so we can build up a picture of which kinds of words usually appear toge

8、ther.（为了 更擅长这点，我们 需耍让我们大脑充满自然的语言内容，这样的话，我们就能在大脑里建造一副图片，图片里是哪些单词 通常一起出现。）”可知，如果我们想要像本土人一样的N400模式，我们需要读很多的自然语言内容， 故选Bo【15题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后段 uGraded readers, which are books adapted to make them easier to understand at lower levels, are perfect for learners of foreign languages.（分级读本对于外语学习者来说是最好的选择， 因为它

9、们是改编读本，主要是为了较低水平的阅读者能更容易理解。）”可知，在选择阅读读本时，我们 应该根据自己的水平选择适合的读本，这样的话才有利于学习，故选D。ETwo thirds of the ice in the glaciers （冰川）of the Alps is doomed! These glaciers will melt by the end of the century as global temperatures rise, according to a recent study.Scientists claim that half the ice held in some 4,

10、000 Alpine glaciers will disappear by 2050 due to global warming through the effect of past emissions. After that, even if carbon emissions drop to zero, two-thirds of the ice will still have melted by 2100. If emissions continue to rise at the current rate, the ice tongues will have all but disappe

11、ared from Alpine valleys by the end of the century. The most pessimistic prediction tells us that the Alps will be mostly ice-free by 2100. Only isolated ice patches would remain at high altitudes, representing five per cent, at most, of the ice volume seen today.10/22The researchers warn that the l

12、oss of these glaciers will mean much less water is available for farming and hydroelectricity, especially during droughts. It would also affect nature and tourism.In February, a study found that a third of the huge ice fields in Asias towering mountain chains were also under threat for the same reas

13、ons. This will lead to serious consequences for almost two billion people who live downstream. Glaciers along the Hindu Kush and Himalayan range are at higher, colder altitudes. If global carbon emissions are not cut, however, two-thirds of their ice could be gone by 2100.The latest research combine

14、d computer models with real-world data to forecast the fate of the glaciers. It used 2017 as its starting point. Unlike previous work, these models included how the glaciers move down the mountains. Applying this approach to other glaciated mountain chains could improve ice loss forecasts there.Cutt

15、ing the emissions from fossil-fuel burning, deforestation and other polluting activities is the biggest factor in minimizing the melting of the ice. The future of these glaciers is indeed at risk, but there is still a possibility of limiting their disappearance.16. What does the underlined word doom

16、ed mean in paragraph 1?A. Polluted.B. Discovered.C. Endangered.D. Abandoned.17. What can we infer from paragraph 2?A. Emissions have much to do with the ice melting.B. The Alps is expected to lose all its ice by 2100.C. Ice loss will be avoided with emissions prevented.D. Large ice pieces will just

17、exist at the mountain top.18. Why are the Asias ice fields mentioned in paragraph 4?A. To explain how glacier melting came about.B. To imply pollution is a worldwide problem.C. To show what consequences ice melting will cause.D. To indicate the Alps is not alone to face ice melting.19. What is the w

18、riters attitude towards the future of glaciers?A. Objective.B. Optimistic.C. Critical.D. Doubtful.【答案】16.C17. A 18. D 19. A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了阿尔卑斯山和亚洲的冰川面临严重威胁，可能在本世纪末融 化，文中分析了其原因，同时也提出了解决问题的思路。【16题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词后 “These glaciers will melt by the end of the century as global temperatures rise, ac

19、cording to a recent study.（根据最近的一项研究，随着全球气温的上升，这些冰川将在本世纪末融化）”可 知，冰川将在本世纪末融化，由此推知，划线词所在句中的“阿尔卑斯山的冰川”也面临同样的威胁， 结合选项可知，划线词doomed与endangered同义，意为“有危险的”。故选C项。【17题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中 u Scientists claim that half the ice held in some 4,000 Alpine glaciers will disappear by 2050 due to global warming through th

20、e effect of past emissions. After that, even if carbon emissions drop to zero, two-thirds of the ice will still have melted by 2100. If emissions continue to rise at the current rate, the ice tongues will have all but disappeared from Alpine valleys by the end of the century.（科学家们预测，至U 2050 年，由于全球变暖

21、，由于过去排放的影响，阿尔卑斯山4000多座冰川中一半的冰将消失。在那之后，即 使碳排放降至零，到2100年仍会有三分之二的冰融化。如果排放量继续以目前的速度增长，到本世纪 末，这些冰舌将几乎从阿尔卑斯山谷中消失）”可推知，碳排放与冰融化有很大关系。故选A项。【18题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中 “In February, a study found that a third of the huge ice fields in Asias towering mountain chains were also under threat for the same reasons.（今年 2 月

22、,一项研究发现，由于同样的原因，亚 洲高耸山脉中三分之一的巨大冰原也面临威胁）”可推知，第四段提到亚洲的冰原是为了表明阿尔卑斯山 并不是唯一面临冰融化的地方。故选D项。【19题详解】推理判断题。通读全文，并结合文章最后一段 “Cutting the emissions from fossil-fuel burning, deforestation and other polluting activities is the biggest factor in minimizing the melting of the ice. The future of these glaciers is in

23、deed at risk, but there is still a possibility of limiting their disappearance.（减少化石燃料燃烧、森林砍伐和 其他污染活动的排放是最大限度地减少冰融化的最大因素。这些冰川的未来确实处于危险之中，但仍然 有可能限制它们的消失）”可知，文中作者表达了对碳排放造成冰川融化的担忧，但同时也提出改变这一 情况的可能，所以作者认为冰川的未来取决于人类自身，对冰川的未来持客观的态度。故选A项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分,满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Anx

24、iety and depression are complex conditions. But can everyone benefit from teaming how to care for their mind? 20? Self-Compassion （自我关怀）21 This can include feeling like you must be perfect to be accepted or an unrealistic sense of others1 expectations. The answer to perfectionism isnt letting it all

25、 go- its self-compassion, which means you are kind and understanding when faced with personal failuresafter all, who ever said you were supposed to be perfect? How we treat ourselves through the ups and downs of life can have a huge impact on health and mental health.? Social ConnectionFrom the time

26、 we are born , we need social connection in order to grow and succeed. 22 It can be talking to one trusted person about how youre really doing or having a visit with any family member or friend. If this feels out of reach, try making a short list of people who at any point have given you a sense of

27、belonging.23? ExerciseExercise can be important for preventing depression since having a sedentary （缺乏锻炼的）lifestyle is a risk factor. 24 Another study found that 12 weeks of exercise at 30 minutes, three to five times per week reduced symptoms by 47%.So the best approach is: Get whatever support is

28、in reach and care for your mind based on what works for you.A. It is important to be kind to yourself12/22B. But it doesnt have to be a big party or an office full of people.C. Being constantly self-critical is risky for anxiety and depression.D. It may be vital to understand happiness when we strug

29、gle with mood.E. One study found that 15 minutes a day of exercise significantly prevents depression.F. The following behaviors are key ones linked to prevention of anxiety and depression.G. Studies have shown that just thinking of positive relationships can help you tolerate stress.【答案】20.F21. C 22

30、. B 23. G 24. E【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。焦虑和抑郁是很复杂的情况，文章提出了三个预防或缓解焦虑和抑郁的有效 方法。【20题详解】根据上文“Anxiety and depression are complex conditions. But can everyone benefit from learning how to care for their mind?（焦虑和抑郁是复杂的情况。但是，每个人都能从学习如何照顾自己的心灵中受益吗?）”的问题， 结合下文提出几种预防焦虑和抑郁的方法可知，此处内容应对这个问题进行回答，并引出下文内容，F项 “以下行为是预防焦虑和抑郁的

31、关键。”符合文意，承上启下，故选F项。21题详解】根据下文“This can include feeling like you must be perfect to be accepted or an unrealistic sense of others* expectations.（这包括你必须完美才能被接受，或者对别人的期望有一种不现实的感觉。户可知人对自己的要 求过高，追求完美，那么就会进行自我批评，这很容易导致焦虑和抑郁，所以C项“不断地自我批评会导 致焦虑和抑郁。This指代”不断地自我批评 故选C项。【22题详解】前文内容“From the time we are born ,

32、we need social connection in order to grow and succeed.（从我们出生的时 候起，我们就需要社会联系来成长和成功。）提到我们要与社会联系，结合下文“It can be talking to one trusted person about how you*re really doing or having a visit with any family member or friend.（可以是和一个你信任的 人谈论你的真实情况，也可以是拜访任何家人或朋友。户可知不需要与过多的人进行联系，所以B项“但这 并不一定是一个大的派对或一办公室的人。

33、”符合文意，故选B项。【23题详解】根据上句“If this feels out of reach, try making a short list of people who at any point have given you a sense of belonging.（如果这让你觉得遥不可及，那就试着列出一些在任何时候都给你带来归属感的人。广可知，此处 建议与一些较为亲近，让你有归属感的人联系起来，G项“研究表明，思考积极的人际关系可以帮助你承受 压力。”说明了这个做法的理由，思考积极的人际关系帮助承受压力，故选G项。【24题详解】根据上句“Exercise can be import

34、ant for preventing depression since having a sedentary （缺乏锻炼的）lifestyle is a risk factor.（运动对预防抑郁症很重要，因为久坐的生活方式也是一个风险因素。）可知运动有助于预防 抑郁症，结合下文“Another study found that 12 weeks of exercise at 30 minutes, three to five times per week reduced symptoms by 47%.（另一项研究发现，12周30分钟的锻炼，每周3到5次，可以减少47%的症状。户 可知运动可以

35、减少抑郁症状，所以E项”一项研究发现，每天15分钟的锻炼可以显着预防抑郁症。”符合 文意，其中“one study”对应“another study”，都在说明运动对应预防和缓解抑郁症的作用，故选E项。第三部分语言运用（共四节，满分45分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分,满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Thirty years ago, I was a senior high school student. One day after our test papers were 25 our math teacher asked twe

36、lve students who had made exactly the same mistakes to remain. There is nothing really new about26 in exams. Perhaps that was why she didnt even say a word about it. 27、she wrote on theblackboard the words by Thomas Macaulay: the real 28 is not measured by what a man does in29，where hell be seen, bu

37、t what he would do if he knew he would never be 30 out.I dont know about the other eleven boys. Speaking for myself I can say: it was the most important single31of my life. Now entering my third decade after being 32 to Macaulays words, they still seemto me the best33 because they give us a way to m

38、easure ourselves rather than others.34of us will be asked to make great decisions about nations going to war or armies going to battle.But all of us are 35daily to make a great many personal decisions. Should the wallet, found in the street,be put into a pocket36turned over to the policeman? Should

39、the37 change received at the storebe forgotten or 38? Nobody will know except you. But you have to live with yourself, and it isalways 39to live with yourself deserving your own respect.25. A. markedB. completedC. examinedD. collected26. A. checkingB. discussingC. cheatingD. worrying27. A. Personall

40、yB. UnfortunatelyC. InsteadD. Suddenly28. A. featureB. characterC. advantageD. wisdom29. A. practiceB. dangerC. detailD. public30. A. foundB. workedC. figuredD. pointed31. A. chanceB. lessonC. incidentD. memory32. A. referredB. shownC. broughtD. introduced33. A. sentenceB. choiceC. reasonD. standard

41、34. A. FewB. AllC. SomeD. Any35. A. given outB. cut offC. cheered upD. called upon36. A. andB. soC. orD. but37 A. extraB. smallC. someD. necessary38. A. paidB. rememberedC. returnedD. shared39. A. easierB. betterC. harderD. freer【答案】25.A26. C27. C 28. B29. D30. A 31. B32. D 33. D 34. A 35.D 36. C 37

42、. A38. C 39. B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。讲述了作者学生时期一次考试作弊后，老师让其抄写名言：衡量 一个人真正品格的标准是如果他知道自己永远不会被发现他会怎么做。自此作者将此名言铭记于心，并 以此为准绳规范自己的言行。25题详解】考查过去分词词义辨析。句意：一天，在我们的试卷被批改后，我们的数学老师要求十二个犯同样错误 的学生留下来。A. marked做标记；打分数；B.completed完成；C.examined检查；D. collected收集。根 据下文 “our math teacher asked twelve students who had made

43、exactly the same mistakes to remain ” 可知，老 师在判完卷子后发现问题，于是要求十二个犯同样错误的学生留下来。故选A。【26题详解】考查动词词义的辨析。句意：考试作弊并不是什么新鲜事。A. checking检查；B. discussing讨论；C.14/22 cheating 欺骗、作弊；D. worrying 担忧。由前文twelve students who had made exactly the same mistakes to remain.”可知，十二个学生犯了同样的错误，这说明他们考试作弊，cheating in exam是一个固定短语， 意

44、为：考试作弊。故选C。【27题详解】考查副词词义的辨析。句意：相反，她在黑板上写了托马斯麦考利的一句话:衡量一个人真正的品质， 不是看他在公众场合、被人看到的地方做了什么，而是看他在知道自己永远不会被发现的情况下会做什 么。A. Personally 个人而言；B. Unfortunately 不幸地；C. Instead 相反；D. Suddenly 突然。根据it.didn,t even say a word about it.7,可知，奥尼尔老师没有问我们任何问题，相反在黑板上写了托马 斯麦考利的话。故选C。【28题详解】考查名词词义的辨析。句意：相反，她在黑板上写了托马斯麦考利的一句话

45、:衡量一个人真正的品质，不 是看他在公众场合、被人看到的地方做了什么，而是看他在知道自己永远不会被发现的情况下会做什么。A. feature 特征；B. character 品质；C. advantage 优势；D. wisdom 智慧。根据 what he would do if he knew he would never be 6 out.”可知，这是对一个人品质的衡量。故选B。29题详解】考查名词词义 辨析。句意：相反，她在黑板上写了托马斯麦考利的一句话:衡量一个人真正的品质，不 是看他在公众场合、被人看到的地方做了什么，而是看他在知道自己永远不会被发现的情况下会做什 么。A. pra

46、ctice 实践；B. danger 危险；C. detail 详细；D. public 公开。根据 uwhere hell be seen, 可 知，这是公开场合。in public “公开的，故选D。【30题详解】考查动词词义的辨析。句意：相反，她在黑板上写了托马斯麦考利的一句话彳酎量一个人真正的智慧，不 是看他在公众场合、被人看到的地方做了什么，而是看他在知道自己永远不会被发现的情况下会做什 么o A. found 发现；B. worked 工作；C. figured 弄明白；D. pointed 指出。根据 “where hell be seen, but”可知，这是不被人发现的情况下

47、，find out发现，work out解决，figure out弄清楚，point out指出。 故选Ao31题详解】考查名词词义的辨析。句意：就我自己而言，我可以说：这是我生命中最重要的一课。A. chance机会；B. lesson 课；教训；C. incident 事情；事件；D. memory 记忆。根据下文 “they still seem to me the best9 可知，我把托马斯?麦考利的话当作我行事的最佳准绳，由此可知，奥尼尔老师那天在黑板 上写下了托马斯?麦考利话的那节课，是我人生当中最重要的一课。故选B。【32题详解】考查过去分词词义的辨析。句意：在得知麦考利的话三

48、十年后，在我看来，这句话仍然是最好的准则， 因为它们给了我们一种衡量自己而不是他人的方法。A. referred提到；设计；B.shown展示；C. brought 带来;D.introduced介绍。introduce sb sth意译为：使某人知道到、了解到某物,其被动结构为“be introduced to sth ,根据语境再结合空格后to Macaulay?s words/,可知，此处指作者在知道麦考利的话 三十年后，故选D。【33题详解】考查固定搭配及名词词义的辨析。句意：在得知麦考利的话三十年后，在我看来，这句话仍然是最好的 准则，因为它们给了我们一种衡量自己而不是他人的方法。A. sentence句子；B. choice选择；C. reason 原因；D. standard标准。根据空格后“to measure ourselves rathe