2022届甘肃省兰州市高三下学期4月一诊英语试题（解析版）.docx

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1、2022年兰州市高三诊断考试英语第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。Ever wanted to learn a new language? Or maybe you need to speak a different language, for work or personal reasons? Here are some apps that will help you talk smartly in some nations on earth.Living Language (S

2、panish)The standard bearer (领袖)for language-learning apps, this series of apps from Random House Digital presents real language courses that teach vocabulary and grammar with some fun interactive games thrown in. The free download gets you eleven free lessons, but you can unlock the full app for $14

3、.99, getting you all 46 lessons.Random House Digital has similar apps available for learning French, Italian, German, Chinese, and Japanese.Learn a Language with Michel ThomasThis one hails from the U.K., where Thomas1 method for learning new languages has garnered some heavyhitter endorsements (赞同)

4、from the likes of Woody Allen, Emma Thompson, and Stephen Fry. Thomas teaches you with a simple, but highly effective process: you listen, he explains, you speak. Lessons run an hour a piece, and you buy the hour lessons you want from inside the free app, for $4.99 a pop. Lessons are available for S

5、panish, French, Italian, and German.Mango LanguagesOne of the most comprehensive apps is also the most cost-effective - its free! No in-app purchases, no nothing. It offers classes for 35 foreign languages and 15 English as-a-second-language. The catch is that it requires a connection to your local

6、library, and only if your library has a Mango Languages subscription. It teaches not only vocabulary and grammar, but also pronunciation (by native speakers) and helpful cultural tips, such as slang usages of common words.Book 2This one uses a novel 3-step method: you learn while listening, training

7、, and sleeping. The app actually monitors your sleeping patterns and activates itself at the right time, playing its short sentences while you9re asleep, to enhance your recall. Lessons are available in-app for 40 different languages, but theyll run you $3.99 each for【答案】16.D17. G 18. A 19. E 20. C【

8、解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章说明了健康的家庭关系的一些特征。【16题详解】根据上文“A healthy family relationship is the base of a happy family.（健康的家庭关系是幸福家庭的基础）和下 文“Although family relationships are different, there are certain characteristics that healthy family relationships share. （虽然家庭关系不同，但健康的家庭关系有一些共同的特征）“可知，上文指出健康的家庭关系是幸福家庭的 基础，下

9、文指出健康的家庭有一些共同的特征。由此推知，空处承接上文，指出健康的家庭关系的好处。D 项“它为成员提供他们所需要的支持和鼓励”符合题意，选项中的“It”指代上文的“A healthy family relationship”。 故选D。【17题详解】空处为本段主旨句。根据下文“Family members listen to and genuinely care about what the others are saying. In these families, communication is on a deep enough level that all members are ab

10、le to share their feelings, goals, achievements and experiences. When some feedback and constructive criticism are given, love and affection are made clear by the use of positive words.（家人会倾听并真诚地关心别人说的话。在这些家庭中，交流是在一个 足够深的层次上，所有成员能够分享他们的感受，目标，成就和经验。当一些反馈和建设性的批评被给予时， 爱和情感通过使用积极的词语来表达广可知，在健康的家庭关系中成员们的交

11、流都是积极的、有意义的。G 项“拥有健康关系的家庭会进行积极而有意义的交流”符合本段主旨，“communication”是关键词。故选G。【18题详解】空处位于段末应承接上文。根据上文“Family members hold family as a top priority （优先考虑的事）and consider the impact on relatives before making important decisions. Family members are dependable and always there for eachotherintimesofcrisis.（家庭成员把

12、家庭作为最优先考虑的事情，家庭成员在做重要决定前，会考虑对亲 属的影响。家庭成员是可靠的，在危机时刻总是相互帮助户可知，家庭成员会相会帮助，这样成员就不会觉 得什么都靠自己独立解决。A项“因此，家庭成员们并不觉得自己是孤立无援的”符合题意，与上文形成明显 的因果关系。故选A。【19题详解】根据主旨句“A characteristic of healthy family relationship is that they spend time doing enjoyable activities together. （健康家庭关系的一个特点是他们花时间一起做愉快的活动）“可知，本段主要说明在健康

13、的家庭关系中成员 们会一起度过快乐、有意义的时光。再结合下文“Often, these activities become family traditions, such as sharing meals together, having family outings every weekend or playing sports together.（通常，这些*舌动会成为家庭传 统，比如一起吃饭，每个周末一起外出或一起运动）“推知，上文提到了有利于增进家庭成员关系的活动。E项“家庭成员倾向于选择有助于家庭关系更加亲密的活动”符合题意，且贴合主旨，下文的“theseactivities”指代选

14、项中的“activities that help the family to grow closer”。故选 Eo【20题详解】空处为本段主旨句。根据下文“Family members accept that they each have their own personalities, qualities and interests. Everyone plays an important role in the family. When there is conflict between family members, it is solved in a positive and heal

15、thy manner. Family members also acknowledge each others achievements and show appreciation for other members.（家庭成员承认他们每个人都有自己的个性、品质和兴趣。每个人在家庭中都 扮演着重要的角色。当家庭成员之间发生冲突时，以积极健康的方式解决。家庭成员也承认彼此的成就，并 对其他成员表示赞赏厂可知，虽然家庭成员性格各异，但要承认彼此的成就，并且相互赞赏，即家庭成员之 间应该尊重并欣赏。C项“尊重是健康家庭关系的重要特征”可以作为本段主旨句。故选C。第二部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分45

16、分） 第一节（共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处，的1=Its the stuff of travel nightmares （噩梦）.Taking something precious on your trip, keeping it close to hand so you dont risk 21 .it in checked baggage - and then realizing you dont have it when you get home.For Rachel DeGolia, the ni

17、ghtmare of losing something on a 22 came true.In September, her 23 collection of family letters from the 1940s to 1970s was left on a plane as it pulled into Chicago Midway Airport.It was, says DeGolia, tragic （悲惨的）“But that tragedy turned to24 when, after a three-week search,one airline representat

18、ive 25 DeGolia with her letters.DeGolia says, in summer 2021, she received a collection of family letters sent by her cousin.She decided to take them with her to her daughters wedding party as she thought it would be the perfect occasion to share the letters with her brother.Her brother was very 26

19、and decided to take the precious cargo （货物）home, making sure to keep it with him in the cabin - but then 27 it in the cabin when he got off his flight home to Chicago.After the passengers got off the plane, crew （乘务员） 28 the cargo during their post-flight checks, realized the letters were precious,

20、and handed the cargo over to a gate agent.The letters 29 in Sarah Haffners hands.Haffner, a Baggage Service Office supervisor （主管）for Southwest at Midway, checked the letters 30 and realized it was very precious item that needed to find its 31Normally, the procedure for reuniting items with their ow

21、ners is fairly_ 32 ,Agents like Haffner look for any identification on the item, and then 33 the name to a passenger booking.If the person has been on aconnecting flight, thats not an issue, because they have a database of 34 going back a couple of years.But the 35 was that the only identifying name

22、 in the whole batch of letters was Rachel DeGolia - and she hadnt been on the fight.Haffner and her colleagues tried their best.After three weeks of 36 they finally found some 37 of a Rachel DeGolia from Ohio on the Internet, I was like, what are the chances -its got to be her/aflher says.Then she m

23、anaged to track down a 38 number.“At 9 p.m.one night I got this call Jsays DeGolia.She was 39 to tears, calling Haffhert6A wonderfulyoung woman for 40_her family legacy （遗产）.21. A. findingB. losingC. solvingD. keeping22. A. flightB. busC. trainD. boat23. A. unbelievableB. impossibleC. unacceptableD.

24、 irreplaceable24. A. soitowB. anxietyC. reliefD. effort25. A. helpedB. reunitedC. favoredD. impressed26. A. boredB. excitedC. confusedD. disappointed27. A. putB.hidC. leftD. threw28. A. receivedB. missedC. deliveredD. found29. A. ended upB. came outC. passed onD. took over30. A. secretlyB. carefully

25、C. carelesslyD. differently31. A. wayB. valueC. ownerD. price32. A. simpleB. usefulC. unusualD. slow33. A. addB. applyC. matchD. introduce34. A. agentsB. crewC. parcelsD. passengers35. A. causeB. excuseC. processD. problem36. A. preparingB. searchingC. waitingD. thinking37. A. rewardsB. meaningsC. c

26、luesD. puzzles38. A. cabinB. baggageC. phoneD. room39. A. annoyedB. worriedC. scaredD. moved40. A. savingB. creatingC. provingD. sharing【2140题答案】【答案】21.B 22.A23. D 24. C25. B26. B 27. C28. D 29. A 30C 32. A 33. C 34. D 35. D 36. B 37. C 38. C 39. D 40. A【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了 RachelDeGolia将珍贵的家书落在飞机上

27、，经过三周的辛苦寻找，最 终找回了家书。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：把它放在手边，这样你就不会有在托运行李中丢失的风险。A. finding发现；B. losing失去；C.solving解决；D. keeping保持。根据“keeping it close to hand（把它放在手边）可知，这样 就不会弄丢了，故选Bo【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：对蕾切尔德戈利亚来说，在飞机上丢东西的噩梦变成了现实。A. flight航班；B. bus 公交；C. train 火车；D. boat 船。根据“collection of family letters from the 19

28、40s to 1970s was left on a plane as it pulled into Chicago Midway Airport.”（把20世纪40年代至70年代那些家信留在了飞机上）可知，她乘 坐的是飞机，故选A。【23题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：9月，一架飞机在芝加哥中途机场降落时，她把20世纪40年代到70年代那 些无可替代的家信留在了飞机上。A. unbelievable难以置信的；B. impossible不可能的；C.unacceptable无法 接受的；D. irreplaceable 不可替代的。根据下文“and decided to take the

29、precious cargo （货物）home （决定把 珍贵的货物带回家）可知，这里指珍贵的无可替代的家书，故选D。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但那场悲剧变成了宽慰。A. sorrow悲伤；B. anxiety焦虑；C.relief宽慰；D. effort 努力 o 根据“after a three-week search, one airline representative 5 DeGolia with her letters79 （经过三周的 搜寻，一名航空公司代表用让德戈利亚与她的信件团聚）可知，家书失而复得，故此处指如释重负，感到宽 慰。故选C。【25题详解】考查动词词义

30、辨析。句意：一名航空公司代表用让德戈利亚与她的信件重聚。A. helped帮助；B. reunited重 聚；C. favored 支持；D. impressed 象。根据第六段中“Normally, the procedure fbr reuniting items with their owners is fairly”可知，航空公司找到了家书并物归原主了，失主与信件重聚。故选B。【26题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她的哥哥非常兴奋，决定把这宝贵的货物带回家。A. bored厌倦的；B. excited 兴奋的；C. confused 困惑的；D. disappointed 失望的。根

31、据“and decided to take the precious cargo home,（决 定把这宝贵的货物带回家）可知，她哥哥很兴奋，故选B。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是当他下飞机回芝加哥的时候，却把它落在了机舱里。A. put放置；B.hid隐 藏；C. left 离开，落下；D. threw 抛弃。根据in the cabin when he got off his flight home to Chicago.”并联系上 文内容可知，下飞机时将信件落在了飞机上，故选C。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：乘客下飞机后，机组人员在飞行后检查中发现了这些货物。A.re

32、ceived收到；B. missed 错过； C. delivered 递送； D. found 发现。 根据“realized the letters were precious, and handed the cargo overt。agate agent.（意识到这些信件很珍贵，就把货物交给了登机口的工作人员）可知，机组人员发现了 这些信件，故选D。【29题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意:这些信件最终落入了 Sarah Haffner的手中。A. ended up最后来到；结束；B.came out 出版；C. passed on 通过；D. took over 接管。根据 “when,

33、after a three-week search, one airline representative 5DeGolia with her letters.（经过三周的寻找之后，一名航空公司代表归还了她的信件）可知，这些信件最终到了 Sarah Haffner的手中，故选A。【30题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：哈弗纳是中途机场西南航空公司行李服务办公室的主管，他仔细检查了这些信 件，意识到这是非常珍贵的东西，需要找到失主。A. secretly秘密地；B. carefully认真地；C.carelessly粗心 地；D.differently不同地。根据“realizeditwas ve

34、rypreciousitem”（意识至U这是非常珍贵的东西）可知，他经 过了仔细地检查后得出了结论，故选B。【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：哈弗纳是中途机场西南航空公司行李服务办公室的主管，他仔细检查了这些信 件，意识到这是非常珍贵的东西，需要找到失主。A. way方式；B. value价值；C. owner主人；D.price价 格。根据“realizeditwasverypreciousitem”（意识到这是非常珍贵的东西）可知，珍贵的东西需要物归原主， 故选C。【32题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：通常，将物品归还给物主的过程是相当简单的。A. simple简单的；B. usef

35、ul有 用的；C. unusual 不寻常的；D. slow 缓慢的。根据“Agents like Haffner look for any identification on the item, and then _ 13 the name to a passenger booking.（像Haffner这样的代理人寻找物品上的任何身份证明，然后将名字与乘客预订匹配）可知，归还的过程很简单，故选A。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：像Haffner这样的代理人寻找物品上的任何身份证明，然后将名字与乘客预订匹 配。A. add 增加；B. apply 申请;C. match 匹配；D. i

36、ntroduce 介绍。根据前文“look for any identification on the item”和下文“the name to a passenger booking”并联系语境是寻找失主可知，此处指的是与乘客名字相匹 配,故选C。【34题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果这个人坐过中转航班，那不是问题，因为他们有一个几年前乘客的数据库。 A. agents 代理人；B. crew 船员；C. parcels 包裹；D. passengers 旅客。根据“If the person has been on a connecting flight, that，s not an

37、issu针（如果这个人已经坐过中转航班，那不是问题）可知，航空公司有旅客的数据库， 故选D。【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但问题是，在整批信件中，唯一可以辨认的名字是瑞秋德戈利亚而她没有 乘坐过航班。A. cause 原因；B. excuse 借口； C. process 步骤；D. problem 问题。根据was that the only identifying name in the whole batch of letters was Rachel DeGolia - and she hadnt been on the fight. （在整批信件中，唯一 可以辨认的名字是瑞秋

38、德戈利亚而她没有乘坐过航班）可知，此处指的是归还过程中唯一的问题，故 选D。【36题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：经过三周的搜寻，他们终于在网上找到了来自俄亥俄州的瑞秋德戈利亚的一些 线索。A. preparing 准备；B. searching 寻找;C. waiting 等待；D. thinking 思考。根据After three weeks of （经过三周）和下文的“they finally found”可知，经过了三周的搜索，故选B。【37题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：经过三周的搜寻，他们终于在网上找到了来自俄亥俄州的瑞秋德戈利亚的一些 线索。A. rewards 奖励；B. m

39、eanings 含义；C. clues 线索；D. puzzles 谜。根据they finally found some”和I was like, what are the chances -its got to be her”可知，他们找到 了一些线索,故选 C。【38题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后她设法找到了一个电话号码。A. cabin木屋；B. baggage行李；C.phone电 话；D.room房间。根据“At 9 P.m.one night I got this call（一天晚上9点，我接到一个电话）可知，航空公 司找到了电话号码并联系了她，故选C。【39题详解】考查形

40、容词词义辨析。句意:她被感动得热泪盈睢。A. annoyed生气的；B.worried担忧的；C.scared恐惧 的；D. moved 感动的。根据calling Haffner A wonderful young woman fbr 20 her family legacy （遗产）（称Haffner是拯救家族财产了不起的女人）可知，她很感动，故选D。【40题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：一个了不起的年轻女人拯救了她的家族遗产。A. saving挽救；B. creating创造;C.proving证明；D.sharing分享。根据“her family legacy”(她的家族遗产)可知，

41、信件失而复得的过程即被 挽救的过程，故选A。第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Chinas accumulated experience in reducing food loss and waste is being shared with the world. This knowledge will help many countries improve their ability 41 (reduce) food loss and ensure food security, experts and offici

42、als said.About 14 percent of the worlds food is lost during from 42 (produce) to retail (零售).Reducing that loss by 1 percentage point would be equal to a 28 million metric ton increase in grain output, 43 could feed 70 million people for a year. This is according to the State of Food and Agriculture

43、 2019 report released by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization.According to the FAO, over 155 million people experienced serious food insecurity in 2020, the 44 (high) number in the past five years. This was caused by conflict, extreme weather events and economic shocks45(relate) to C

44、OVID-19.Wu Laping,46professor at China Agricultural Universitys College of Economics and Management,said food loss and waste is 47 (large) affected by economic development. They noted that 48(develop)countries lose food mainly before it is retailed, whereas developed countries mainly lose it after r

45、etail.49 example, food loss and waste mostly occurs in harvesting and storage in Africa and South Asia. Up to 30 percent of food loss was found during farmers9 storage in some areas in Africa, and 21 percent of food in the United States 50 (waste) during daily consumption, Wu told Economic Daily.【41

46、50题答案】【答案 1 41. to reduce42. production43. which 44. highest45. related46. a 47. largely48. developing49. For 50. was wasted【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中国积累的经验，关于全世界食物的损失和浪费。41题详解】考查动词不定式。句意：这一知识能帮助很多国家来提升他们减少食物损失的能力，并且能确保食物安全。 此处做the ability的定语，“做某事的能力”表达为the ability to do sth.,应用动词不定式做定语,故填to reduceo【42题详

47、解】考查名词。句意：世界上大约14%的食物从生产到零售过程中被损失掉。此处from为介词，且根据toretail 中的retail为名词可知，此处也应用名词，故填production。【43题详解】考查定语从句。句意：减少1%的食物损失就能增加28万公吨的谷物输出，这能养活7000万人一年。此处 为非限制性定语从句，先行词为a 28 million metric ton increase in grain output,指物，从句中缺少主语，故 填 which o【44题详解】考查形容词最高级。句意：根据FAO,超过15亿5000万人在2020年经历了严重的食物不安全问题，是过 去五年内最高值

48、。根据此空前定冠词the可知，此处表示“近五年来最高值”，故应用形容词最高级，故填 highest o【45题详解】考查过去分词作后置定语。句意：这是由冲突、极端气候和与新冠相关的经济冲击引起的。此处做economic shocks的定语，economic shocks与relate之间为被动关系，故应用过去分词作后置定语，故填relatedo【46题详解】考查冠词。句意：中国农业大学的经济管理系的教授吴说道，食物损耗和食物废弃主要受经济发展的影响。此处professor意为“教授”，为可数名词，表泛指“一个教授”，故应填不定冠词，且professor音素以辅音开 头，故应填a。【47题详解】考查副词。句意：中国农业大学的经济管理系的教授吴说道，食物损耗和食物废弃主要受经济发展的影响。此处修饰动词is affected,应用副