江苏省南通市海安市2021-2022学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题Word版含解析.docx

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1、20212022学年末学业质量监测试卷高二英语试题注意事项考生在答题前请认真阅读本注意事项及各题答题要求1.本试卷共10页，满分150分，考试时间为120分钟。考试结束后，请将答题卷交回。2 .答题前，请您务必将自己的姓名、准考证号、座位号用05毫米黑色字迹签字笔填写在答题卷上。3 .请认真核对监考员在答题卡上所粘贴的条形码上的姓名、考试证号与你本人的是否相符。4 .作答选择题必须用2B铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，请用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案。作答非选择题必须用书写黑色字迹的0.5毫米的签字笔写在答题卷上的指定位置，在其它位置作答一律无效。第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30

2、分）第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面的5段对话。每段对话后都有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最 佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对 话仅读一遍。1. What will the speakers do?A. Cook dinner. B. Eat out. C. Buy some gas.2. What does the man want to do?A. Enter a competition. B. Change his job. C. Go back to colleg

3、e.3. What does the woman mean?A. She listened to the weather forecast.B. She took a shower this morning.C. She got wet in the rain.4. What is the relationship between the speakers?A. Teacher and student. B. Coach and player. C. Teammates.5. What does the man ask the woman to do?A. Give Grace a call.

4、 B. Take a business trip. C. Contact a customer.DLiving robots can reproduce on their own in a dish. This is not a science-fiction movie, but the result of a new research. The study was published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences in the US on Nov 29.Xenobots, a type of tiny robo

5、t, were first created in 2020, using cells taken from the embryo of an African frog species. Under the right lab conditions, the cells formed small structures that could self-assemble, move in groups and react to their environment. Now, the researchers have found that xenobots can also self-replicat

6、e （自我 复制），according to the journal of New Scientist.But are they living organisms or robots? They are organisms because they are made of stem cells and can reproduce. And they are also robots because they can move on their own and perform physical labor, co-author Sam Kriegman told The Washington Po

7、st.“People have thought for quite a long time that weve worked out all the ways that life can reproduce or replicate. But this is something thats never been observed before,co-author Douglas Blackiston, a senior scientist at Tufts University in the US, told Science Daily website.The ability to repli

8、cate adds a new layer of potential utility to the robots. Kriegman told The Washington Post that while xenobots are not yet commercially useful, they have the potential to provide a number of services, from cleaning up microplastics in the ocean to safely delivering drugs to a specific spot in a per

9、sons body.However, the creation of xenobots comes with concerns. Some think more advanced future xenobots, especially ones that live longer and reproduce, could out-compete other species, according to The Conversation, an Australia news media.The researchers think these risks are manageable. If you

10、change the amount of sodium in that water to be too high or too low, they911 die J Kriegman told The Washington Post. If theres a piece of copper in the dish, they911 all die. Ifs an extremely controllable and stoppable and safe system.12. What do we know about xenobots according to the passage?A. T

11、hey should be classified into frog species.B. They can reproduce and replicate themselves.C. They can adapt to the environment anywhere.D. They were created based on science fiction movies.13. How do scientists feel the way that xenobots reproduce?A. Unexpected.B. Predictable.C. Doubted.D. Unaccepte

12、d.14. What effects do xenonots have on humans?A. They are expected to replace other species.B. They have been used widely commercially.C. They will serve human beings more extensively.D. They will further explore their own potential ability.15. Whafs Kriegmans attitude towards the xenobots, future?A

13、. Worried.B. Cautious.C. Neutral.D. Optimistic.【答案】12.B13. A 14. C 15. D【解析】【导语本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一项新的研究成果一一活体机器人可以在培养皿中自我繁殖。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段 uUnder the right lab conditions, the cells formed small structures that could selfassemble, move in groups and react to their environment. Now, the researchers hav

14、e found that xenobots can also self-replicate, according to the journal of New Scientist.?（在合适的实验室条件下，细胞形成了能够自我组 装、成组移动并对环境做出反应的小结构。据新科学家杂志报道，现在，研究人员发现，异种机器 人也可以自我复制）可知，异种机器人可以繁殖和自我复制，故选B。13题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段 u People have thought for quite a long time that weve worked out all the ways that life can re

15、produce or replicate. But this is something thats never been observed before ” （很长段时间以来， 人们一直认为我们已经找到了繁殖生命或复制生命的所有方式。但这是以前从未注意到的）可知，科学 家们认为异种机器人的繁殖方式是出乎意料的，故选A。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段 “ Kriegman told The Washington Post that while xenobots are not yet commercially useful, they have the potential to provi

16、de a number of services, from cleaning up microplastics in the ocean to safely delivering drugs to a specific spot in a persons body. （克里格曼告诉华盛顿邮报，虽然异种机器 人还没有商业用途，但它们有潜力提供许多服务，从清理海洋中的微塑料到将药物安全运送到人体的特 定部位）可知，异种机器人能够为人类提供更广泛的服务，故选C。35题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段 “ Kriegman told The Washington Post that while xenob

17、ots are not yet commercially useful, they have the potential to provide a number of services, from cleaning up microplastics in the ocean tosafely delivering drugs to a specific spot in a persons body. （克里格曼告诉华盛顿邮报，虽然异种机器 人还没有商业用途，但它们有潜力提供许多服务，从清理海洋中的微塑料到将药物安全运送到人体的特 定部位）以及最后一段uThe researchers think

18、 these risks are manageable/（研究人员认为这些风险是可控 的）可知，克里格曼对异种机器人的未来持乐观态度，故选D。第二节（共5小题：每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Anyone who deals with teens knows how tough the adolescent years can be. Teens are always known to do wild and dangerous things. 16 But now scientists have studie

19、d the physical development of the brain inmore detail, leading to a new theory of why teens act the way they do.Scientists discovered that though our brains are almost at their full size by the age of six, they are not fully developed. Now, scientists have found our brains continue to change till ag

20、e 25.17.The studies confirm teens are more likely to take risks and behave in extreme ways. One way the brain does this is by changing the way teens think of danger and reward. When teenagers think about rewards, their brains produce more chemicals that create pleasure than adult brains would. 18 It

21、 also makes teens feel excitedabout new experiences more keenly than adults do.Besides, researchers found it makes social bonds especially rewarding. Generally, teenagers have an intense need to meet new people and think the peers may one day control the world they live in. As its still developing,

22、a teenage brain can change to deal with new situations. 19. In this way, the brain encourages teens to havea wide circle of friends.Some people think that this hunt for greater rewards can sometimes lead teenagers to go to extremes.20. It means that teens are more likely, and less afraid, to try new

23、 things or to be independent. Thescientists9 findings suggest that in the long run, the impulses of the teen brain are what help teens leave their parents5 care and live their own lives successfully.A. It is hard for the teens to adapt to new situations.B. The result is the unpredictable actions see

24、n in teens.C. Therefore, it connects social rewards with more pleasure.D. This makes the rewards seem more important than the risks.E. However, it is of great benefit for teenagers to strive for rewards.F. The teen brain inspires teenagers to help prepare for the school life.G. These things were tho

25、ught to be down to the foolishness of the young.【答案】16.G17. B 18. D 19.C20. E【解析】【导语】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了青少年大脑发育过程中对于他们心理和行为上的影响。【16题详解】空前描述青少年在青春期会做狂野和危险的事情，空后“But now scientists have studied the physical development of the brain in more detail, leading to a new theory of why teens act the way they do.（但现在

26、，科学 家们对大脑的生理发育进行了更详细的研究，并提出了一种关于青少年行为方式的新理论）”表示科学发 现解释青少年行为的理论；G 选项 “These things were thought to be down to the foolishness of the young.（这 些事情被认为是年轻人的愚蠢行为）”描述人们对于青少年行为的普遍观点，且These things与前文中的 wild and dangerous things 对应。故选 G 项。【17题详解】空前 u Scientists discovered that though our brains are almost at

27、 their full size by the age of six, they are not fully developed. Now, scientists have found our brains continue to change till age 25.（科学家们发现，虽然我们的大 脑在6岁时几乎达到完整大小，但它们还没有完全发育。现在，科学家发现我们的大脑在25岁之前会继 续变化）”表示大脑一直要发育到25岁，结合上一段描述青少年行为的科学原因可知，B选项“The result is the unpredictable actions seen in teens.（其结果就是

28、青少年不可预测的行为）”表示生理变化导致行为上的 结果，符合语境。故选B项。【18题详解】空前 “When teenagers think about rewards, their brains produce more chemicals that create pleasure than adult brains would.（当青少年想到回报时，他们的大脑会比成年人产生更多的化学物质来创造快乐）”描述对于 青少年来说，回报会带来快乐，D 选项 “This makes the rewards seem more important than the risks.（这使得 回报似乎比风险更重

29、要）”描述青少年对于回报和风险的看法，且本句中This指代前文一句内容。故选D 项。19题详解】空前 “As its still developing, a teenage brain can change to deal with new situations.（青少年的大月盲还在发育 中，它可以改变来应对新情况）”描述青少年的大脑在发育，会改变来应对新情况，空后In this way, the brain encourages teens to have a wide circle of friends.（通过这种方式，大脑鼓励青少年拥有广泛的朋友圈）” 描述青少年在社交上的行为；C 选项

30、 “Therefore, it connects social rewards with more pleasure.（因此，它将 社会奖励与更多的快乐联系在一起）”描述青少年如何应对社会关系，承上启下。故选c项。【20题详解】空前 “Some people think that this hunt for greater rewards can sometimes lead teenagers to go to extremes.（有些 人认为这种追求更大回报的行为有时会导致青少年走向极端）”讲述过分追求回报对于青少年的弊端，空 后 “It means that teens are more

31、 likely, and less afraid, to try new things or to be independent.（这意味着青少年 更有可能，更少害怕，去尝试新事物或独立）”描述对于青少年的好处；E选项“However, it is of great benefit for teenagers to strive for rewards.（然而，对青少年来说，争取回报是有很大好处的）”进行转折，描 述追求回报的好处，符合语境。故选E项。第三部分：语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题：每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填

32、入空白处的最佳选项。Teachable moments dont always happen in the classroom. Last week, a headmaster was 21 for his ability to look beyond the rules to give a student a lesson.When Anthony Moore was sent to headmaster Jason Smiths office for 22 to take off his hat, Smith knew something was wrong. The boy explai

33、ned he was 23 by his terrible haircut.“He didnt say 24 out, but I feel like he just didnt want to be 25 by his classmates, Smith said. Rather than simply sending the boy home for breaking the school 26. Smith put forwarda(n) 27 Hed fix the bad cut himself. He showed the photos of his son whose hair

34、he 28 cut, the boy agreed.Braving the heavy winter snows, Smith drove home to get his tools and then 29 back to fix the boys hair.30 done, the boy made an apology for his behavior. And feeling better about himself,Moore was pleased enough to return to class. Since then, the boy frequently 3j the off

35、ice to talk abouthis day.“When a student is 32, we need to ask ourselves, What happened to this child?9 instead ofWhats wrong with the child?, Smith said. “What need is the child trying to 33? And really, the future of our education 34 on that question.”While its a question without easy answers, rec

36、ognizing it when its being asked-as well as willing to takeaction to35_ a minor mistake into a teachable moment-is what education really means.21. A. rewardedB. praisedC. assessedD. attained22. A. refusingB. regrettingC.happeningD. hesitating23. A. guiltyB. decentC. awkwardD.superb24. A. seriouslyB.

37、 straightC. politelyD. loud25. A. teasedB. enviedC. punishedD. overlooked26. A. profileB. outlineC.codeD. institute27. A. assumptionB. anticipationC. privilegeD. resolution28. A. preciselyB. conciselyC. intentlyD. skillfully29. A. departedB. fetchedC. headedD. dived30. A. NothingB. EverythingC. Anyt

38、hingD. Something31. A. pushed forB. pulled inC. broke intoD. stopped by32. A. strugglingB. testingC. provingD. playing33. A. qualifyB. satisfyC. classifyD. justify34. A. actsB. carriesC. agreesD. rests35. A. transformB. foldC. refreshD. wrap【答案】2LB 22. A23. C 24. B25. A 26. C 27. D28. D 29. C30. BD

39、32. A 33. B 34. D 35, A31.【解析】【导语】本文为一篇记叙文，讲述了校长Jason Smith用自己的方式给学生上了特殊的一课的故事。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：上周，一位校长因能超越规则给学生上课而受到表扬。A. rewarded奖励；B. praised 表扬；C. assessed 评价；D. attained 获得。根据 u his ability to look beyond the rules to give a student a lesson可知，这位校长因自己独特的方式教育孩子而得到了表扬。故选B项。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当安

40、东尼摩尔因拒绝脱下帽子而被送到校长杰森史密斯的办公室时，史 密斯知道事情不对劲了。A. refusing拒绝；B. regretting后悔；C. happening发生；D. hesitating犹豫。根据 下文uHe9d fix the bad cut himself.可知，Anthony因为发型问题拒绝摘下帽子。故选A项。【23题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：男孩解释说他的发型很难看。A. guilty有罪的；B. decent得体的；C.awkward尴尬的；D.superb极佳的。根据“by his terrible haircut”可知，男孩的发型让他很尴尬。故选C 项。【24题

41、详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：史密斯说：“他没有直接说出来，但我感觉他只是不想被同学们取笑。” A.seriously 严肃地;B. straight 直接地；C. politely 礼貌地；D. loud 响亮地。根据 “he just didnt want to be5 by his classmates”可知，男孩没有直接说出拒绝摘帽的原因。故选B项。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. teased戏弄、取笑；B. envied嫉妒；C.punished惩罚；D.overlooked忽 视。根据上文“by his terrible haircut”可知，由于发型问题，男孩不想

42、被其他学生取笑。故选A项。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：史密斯没有简单地因为这个男孩违反了学校的规定就把他送回家，而是提出 了一项决议。A. profile简介；B. outline轮廓；C.code法规、规定；D.institute机构。根据“2 totake off his hat”可知，Anthony拒绝摘帽子，违反了学校的着装规定。故选C项。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. assumption假设；B. anticipation期望；C.privilege特权；D. resolution 决议。根据Hed fix the bad cut himself.”可矢口

43、,校长想出了一项决议。故选D项。28题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：他展示了给自己儿子熟练地理发的照片，男孩同意了。A. precisely精确地；B. concisely简明地；C. intently专心地；D. skillfully熟练地。根据“the boy agreed”可知，校长给儿子剪 发技术熟练，男孩同意了。故选D项。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：史密斯冒着冬雪开车回家拿工具，然后再回去给男孩理发。A. departed离开； B. fetched （去）拿来；C.headed朝（方向）行进；D.dived潜水、跳水。根据drove home”可知,校长 回去拿工具，然后

44、返回。故选C项。【30题详解】考查不定代词辨析。句意：一切完成，这个男孩为他的行为道歉。A. Nothing没什么；B. Everything 切；C. Anything 任何事；D. Something 某事。根据 the boy made an apology for his behavior可知，当理 发完毕之后，即，一切完成之后，男孩道歉了。故选B项。【31题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：从那以后，这个男孩经常来办公室谈论他的一天。A. pushed for推进；B.pulled in 停下，进站；C. broke into 闯入；D. stopped by 顺便拜访。根据Since

45、then, the boy frequently11 the office to talk about his day.可知，男孩经常拜访办公室和校长谈心。故选D项。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：“当一个学生陷入困境时，我们需要问自己，这个孩子发生了什么？而 不是孩子怎么了? ，史密斯说。A. struggling挣扎;B.testing测试；C. proving证明；D. playing 玩耍。根据 What happened to this child?” 及 “Whats wrong with the child?” 可知，当学生自我挣扎时， 我们应该询问他们发生了什么。故选A项

46、。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：孩子想要满足什么需求？ A. qualify使有资格；B.satisfy使满足；C.classify 把分类；D. justify 使公正。根据 u What need is the child trying to 13?” 可知,我们还应该问孩子需要满足什么需求。故选B项。【34题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：事实上，我们教育的未来就取决于这个问题了。A. acts on按行事；B. carries on 继续；C. agrees on 与致；D. rests on 依靠、取决于。根据 “What need is the child trying to

47、13?”可知，我们的教育要取决于能否满足孩子需求这个问题。故选D项。35题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然这是一个没有简单答案的问题，但当有人提出这个问题时，能意识到这 一点，并愿意采取行动，将一个小错误转变为一个可教的时刻，这才是教育的真正意义。A. transform改 变；B.fold折叠；C.refresh使恢复精神；D.wrap包裹。根据“into a teachable moment”可知，当出现问题时，应采取行动，将一个小错误转变为一个可教育的时刻。故选A项。第二节(共10小题：每小题1分，满分10分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。As the

48、 longest man-made river in the world, the Grand canal claims an 36 (influence) place in China.The original canal system began around AD 605,37 completion was owed to the Emperor Yang ofSui Dynasty. He found it necessary to possess a better way to feed his army, 38 (specific), a way to move food quickly from Chinas southern rice-growing region to th