人教版八年级英语上册Unit 3 知识点.docx

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1、Unit 3知识点大多数形容词和副词有三个等级：1 .原级,即原形。e.g. good; fast; outgoing.2 .比较级，表示“较”或“更一些e.g. better; faster; more outgoing.3 .最高级，表示“最e.g. best; fastest; most outgoing.比较级构成的规则变化单音节词和部分双音节词一般在词尾加tall-tallerhigh-higher以字母e结尾的词加rfine-finerwide-wider重读闭音节词词尾只有一个辅音字母时， 先双写该辅音字母，再加-erHot-hotterbig-bigger“辅音字母+y”结尾的

2、 双音节词，变“y”为 再加lazy-lazierhappy-happier多音节词和部分双音 节词在其前面加moreinteresting-more interestingpopular-more popularActive-more active比较级构成的不规则变化原级比较级good/well better bad/badly/ill worsemany/muchmoreLittlelessoldolder/elder (older指年龄大，elder指有亲属关系的长辈)farfarther/furtherA + be+形容词比较级+ than + BA+实义动词+副词比较级+ than

3、+ BTom is taller than me.Tom runs faster than me (do).注意：than前后所使用的动词相同时:通常用助动词代替后面的动词或省略后面的动词。2 .“the+比较级+ of the two”意为“两者中比较的”Lisa is the taller of the two girls.3 .“比较级+ and +比较级”或“more and more+形容词/副词原级”，表示越来 越”，其后均不可接than。After the new year, the day is becoming warmer and warmer.That girl beco

4、mes more and more outgoing.4 .“The+比较级,the +比较级”意为“越.,越The harder she worked, the more progress she made.5 .“Which/Who+比较级,AorB?”表示“A和B,哪一个/谁更.?”Who is taller, Jim or Tom?6AA.+倍数+比较级+than + B”表示A是B的多少倍比Our school is three times bigger than yours.7 .”比较级+ than any other +可数名词单数”=比较级+ than the other +

5、可数名词复 数”，表示比其他任何/所有都该句型在同一范围内进行比较。China is larger than any other country/the other countries in Asia.8 .“比较级+ than any +可数名词单数”，意为“比任何都”，表示不在同一范围内比 较。China is larger than any country in Africa.9 .“否定+比较级”，意为“不能更”或“再不过了”，表示最高级的意思。It couldnt be better.那再好不过 了。I cant agree more.我再同意不过了。可修饰比较级的词:当表示一方超过

6、另一方的“程度”时，可以用much, a lot, a little, a bit, even, far等来修饰形容词比较级。注意：比较级不能用very, so, too等修饰。He is much more serious than his brother.This book is even more useful than that one.Can you come to school a little earlier tomorrow morning?比较级的注意事项：1）比较对象必须一致。My hair is longer than yours.2）有时为了避免重复，可用that或th

7、ose代替前面提到的词，而且that或those不能省 略。The weather in Hainan is warmer than that in Beijing.His stories are more interesting than those I told.用原级表示比较级的句型：as.as 与一样as.as用来进行同级比较，中间要用形容词或副词的原级This movie is as moving as that one.as.as的否定结构是not as/soas,意为“不如那样”My sister is not as/so outgoing as me.1 .outgoing用来

8、描述人的性格可作定语或表语，比较级是more outgoing2.Both形容词，代词，两者都的意思。作形容词放于所修饰的名词前，作代词可单独使 用可用于both of。Both of作主语时谓语动词用复数形式。Both of them are Chinese.辨析：both either neither all noneBoth两者都，either两者之一 neither两者都不，否定两个，all三者三者以上都，none 三者或三者以上都不，否定三个或多个。Eg: Her parents are both doctors.Eg:Either of them is a doctor.Eg:Ca

9、n you play volleyball or basketball?Neither of them. Fm not good at ball games.Both。ando o连接两个并列的成分，连接的并列成分作主语时，谓语动词用复 数形式。Both New York and London have a traffic problems. Both she and I are good at English.Both。o o ando。的反义词neither。nor既不。也不。其连接两个 并列主语时，谓语动词的形式与nor后面的主语保持一致，遵循就近原则。Neither you nor s

10、he likes getting up early.遵循就近原则的其他结构：either. or.或者或者,not only .but also不但。而且。eg： Either you or she is wrongo3.had better do something 最好做某事。 Youd better practice more, or you will lose.4.1oudly adv 大声地，响亮地 辨析:loudly, loud, aloudLoudly副词，含有“喧闹”之意，比较级more loudlyloud形容词，“喧闹的，响亮的”，副词“响亮地，大声地”相当于loudly,

11、 loud比较级louder aloud只能作副词，强调为使人听见而发声，声音不一定很大。Dont speak and laugh loudly in public. He should not speak so loud. Please read aloud so that I can hear you.5 .反意疑问句:用于征询意见或者希望陈述句所说的内容得到证实，反义疑问句遵循“前 肯后否，前否后肯”的原则。翻译疑问句基本结构有两种：肯定陈述句否定附加问句 否定陈述句肯定附加问句 Tom left early, didnt he? He didnrt go to the concert

12、yesterday, did he?反义疑问句的答语:附加问句的主语和时态要与陈述句的主语和时态 保持一致且主语只能用人称代词。The watch isnt cheap, is it ? No, it isnt /Yes, it is.注意：陈述部分含nothingo No nobody never feel little seldom hardly表示否定意义的词 时,疑问部分用肯定形式。Jim is never late for school, is he?陈述部分是there be结构是 疑问部分要用there be形式There are four children in the yar

13、d, arent there?She runs around this lake every morning, () ?A. Does she B.doesnt sheC. Did she D.didnt sheThere is nothing left in the fridge,()?( )Lets go to the supermarket to buy some.A. is there, Yes B. Isnt there, YesC. Is there, NoD. Isnt there, No6 .Friendly形容词，友好的。unfriendly形容词，不友好的，friendle

14、ss形容词，没朋友的， friendship 名词，友情。Be friendly to somebody 对某人友好，be friendly with somebody 和某人相处的好。7 .Hard-working 形容词，工作努力的，辛勤的。辨析：Hard-working, work hard 与 hard workHard-working adj work hard,动词短语，意为“努力学习，努力工作，hard副词“努力”, 修饰动词work。hard work,名词短语，意为“辛苦的工作“，hard为adj,意为“困难的， 辛苦的“修饰不可数名词 worko The hard-work

15、ing girl works hard and because of her hard work, she gets good grades every time.8 .Which 形容词，代词”哪一个,哪一些 Which sport do you like better swimming or running? Which do you like better the desktop or the laptop.9 .Win动词，赢得，获得 winner获胜者辨析:win与beatWin获得，后加比赛，战争，奖品，金钱Win the matchbeat打败，后加入或球队的名词或代词。beat

16、 somebody in the match.10 .Though副词，不过，可是。作连词，虽然，尽管，Ihough作副词时常位于句首，前 面用逗号与其他句子成分隔开。though也可做连词，表示虽然，尽管。引导让步状语从 句相当于although,在英语中although或though不能与but连用，但可与yet连用。Although she is ill, yet she still keeps studying.ILTalented形容词，有才能的，有才干的。talent名词，“天赋，天资，人才”Be talented in sth/doing sth 在某方面有天赋 has a ta

17、lent/gift for doing sth W o 。天赋 12.truly adv.真正，确实truth n.真相，事实 true adj确实的，真正的13 .Care n&v,在意，担忧careful adj.小心的 carefully adv.小心地 careless adj.粗心的 carelessly adv.粗心地Take care 保重，小心，当心，take care of 关心,照料二look after, care about 关心，在意,carefor 非常喜欢， 照料。Do you care about your future? He is old enough to

18、 take care of himself.He cared for her more than she realized Take care not to make mistakes.14 .A good friend makes me laugh.make somebody do something 让某人做某事be made to do something被迫做某事，被动语态足以还原不定式中的to。make it做成功做到。make Somebody or something adj使某人或某物。, make somebodyDn.使某人成为。15.laugh v.笑 辨析：laugh

19、与 smileLaugh指出声地大笑常伴有动作。Laugh at sb嘲笑，laugh to sb向某人笑。smile指不出声的微笑，重在笑容，表示愉悦，亲切，友好的，smile at sb向某人微笑。16 .the same as 名词，代词或者名词性物主代词，”和。一样“，反义词be different from My hairstyle is the same as hers.17 .Like介词，“像 Be like像。一样”，强调性格，人品等内在特征look like“看起 来像“，强调相貌，身材等夕卜在特征 my mother (is like/looks like) her mo

20、ther, they are both quite.18 .serious是用来指人的表情严肃或事情严重，比较级为more seriouso副词为seriously Be serious about sth Mo 。认真。Nothing serious 不严重。19 .Thats why。那就是。的原因，常用于句首，后面常接结果，引导的句子作表 语，是表语从句。Thats why I arrived late for school.20 .As long as 只要，既然。表示条件，“只要”引导条件状语从句。As long as you tell the truth, 111 try to h

21、elp you.注意：当主句用一般将来时或从句含有情态动词，as longas引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时表示将来。表示时间,“达。o o 之久“ You can keep the books as long as you like。表示同级比较,“像。一样长My arm is as long as yours.21 .Necessary形容词，“必须的，必要的“，反议词：unnecessary,“没必要的，necessary 不能修饰人，只能修饰物常，用于Its necessary for sb to do sth.22 .Bring out the best/worst in someb

22、ody把某人最好或最坏的一面展示出来，bring out使显现，使表现出。把。拿出来生产，出版（书籍）23.grade名词，“成绩等级，评分等级“should情态动词，应该，应当，否定形式shouldnt 24.if连词，是否，常用来引导宾语从句放在care, ask, remember , know等动词的后 面。Jenny asked me if she could join the music club, Jenny 问我她是否可以加入音乐乐团。if如果，引导条件状语从句，“主将从现”。25.reach动词，伸手，到达，抵达 reach+地点=get to+地点=arrive in+大地

23、点/at+小地点。26.touch 动词感动，触摸，touch ones heart 触动某人的心弦。keep in touch with。与。 保持联系，lose touch with与。失去联系。27.Break v.破碎，裂，损坏。n.休息，take a break 休息一会儿二have a rest broken adj.破 损的，出了毛病的Break into pieces摔成碎片，break out爆发，break into强行闯入，break in破门而入，breakup结束，break off突然中断，break down机器出故障。28.share, v.分享，共用，分摊 share something with somebody 和某人分享/合用29.callat.打电话给.at后接电话号码Call on somebody to do something号召某人做某 事。Call on somebody 拜访某人call at sbs house登门拜访 call for要求，提倡 call up给。 打电话call back叫回，回电话call off取消30.1nformation不可数名词。A piece of information