压轴题04 阅读理解D（社会交往类）（解析版）-2023年高考英语压轴题专项训练（江苏专用）.docx

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1、压轴题04阅读理解D考向分析综合近几年高考对于阅读理解的能力考查形式，2023年高考对于科普说明文的考查仍 然是重点。科普说明文一直都是命题人提高阅读能力的重要考点，因此在近几年的高考命题 中科普说明文一直都是以压轴题的形式存在，其中包括研究报告、科学技术、社会心理、宇 宙探索、医学报告、语言学、社会生活等多种领域，体现了阅读题材的多样性。压轴题要领壑在壑矍四社会交际类1 .基本规律：阅读理解D篇阅读文章一般难度都比较大，但命题者设题的难度并不大。2 .实用解题方法：某人说的话，或者是带引号的，一定要高度重视。很有可能就是某个 问题的同义替换。有时候每段的第一句话，仅仅是一个表述。而在第2或3

2、句以后，会出现对比或者转折。 一般来说，转折后面的是作者的态度。要注意的是：作者对什么进行了转折。每一个问题，在原文中，都要有一个定位。然后精读，找出那个中心句或者关键词。要抓 文章的中心主旨和各段落的大意，阅读理解考的就是这个“中心句”。某人说过的话，有时并不是题眼，但可以从侧面或某个角度来反映作者的观点，也就是作 者想表达的，正确答案都是和这样的观点相一致的。要把握关键词，有感情色彩的词。注意中心句（即题眼）和前后句子之间的关系，是接着说的，还是转折关系。要把握和前 后句子之间的关系。是并列关系的，可以从这些句子里找同义词；是转折关系的，就通过转 折关系句子里的关键词的相反意思来判断。注意

3、几个词，yet表转折，hardly表否定。while有时是比较，有时也表转折。比较的时 候，注意比较的对象，要弄清楚。转折的时候，你要知道作者对什么进行了转折。压轴题速练押题速练1.We all know that unpleasant feeling when were talking about something interesting and halfway through our sentence were interrupted. But was that really an interruption? The answer depends on whom you ask, acc

4、ording to new research led by Katherine Hilton from Stanford University.Using a set of controlled audio clips （录音片段）,Hilton surveyed 5, 000 American English speakers to better understand what affects peoples perceptions of interruptions. She had participants listen to audio clips and then answer que

5、stions about whether the speakers seemed to be friendly and engaged, listening to one another, or trying to interrupt.the group takes priority over the needs of one person.1. What can we learn from the first paragraph?A. People can benefit more from solitude.B. People tend to socialize more nowadays

6、.C. Bring alone generally equals being lonely.D. Being alone enables people to be carefree.2. Which of the following best describes young Americans?A. Imaginative and wild.B. Sensitive and energeticC. Outgoing and sociable.D. Optimistic and dutiful.3. How does the author prove his point?A By making

7、a summary.B. By drawing comparisons.C. By explaining a concept.D. By providing examples.4. Why are most Chinese people more likely to live together?A. Because they share a specific culture. B. Because they lack some local customs.C. Because they possess enough home Space. D. Because they give priori

8、ty to their own needs. 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. D 4. A【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了不同文化对独处有不同的看法。1 .推理判断题。根据第一段中“Society tells us we should socialize to the fullest, and that those who are surrounded by people are the most successful and the happiest. These days, were almost always connected, whether in person or thro

9、ugh our phone screens and online social networks.（社 会告诉我们，我们应该充分地社交，那些周围有人的人是最成功和最快乐的。如今，无论是 面对面，还是通过手机屏幕和在线社交网络，我们几乎总是联系在一起）”可知，从第一段 中，我们可学到现在人们更倾向于社交。故选B项。2 .推理判断题。根据第二段中For many younger people, weekends are packed with social activities, ranging from brunch with friends to dinner parties to game

10、nights to drinking at bars and everything in between.（对许多年轻人来说，周末充满了社交活动，从和朋友吃早午餐到 晚餐派对，到游戏之夜，再到酒吧喝酒，等等）”可知，外向，善于交际最能描述年轻的美 国人。故选C项。3 .推理判断题。根据第二段“If you live or have spent time in the United States, youre probably aware that Americans tend to reject solitude （如果你在美国生活或待过一段时间，你可能知道 美国人往往不喜欢独处）”以及第三段

11、“Across the Atlantic, the United Kingdom is known for being an extremely extroverted country （在大西洋的另一边,英国是一个非常外向的国家）” 以及第四段中“The country in which people are least likely to live alone is India, at about 4 percent of the population. China is also quite fond of multiple-person households, with only ab

12、out 10 percent of people living by themselves （最不可能独自生活的国家是印度，大约占人口的4%。 中国也非常喜欢多人家庭，只有大约10%的人独自生活）”可知，作者是通过举例子的方式 来证明自己的观点。故选D项。4 .推理判断题。根据最后一段中“China is also quite fond of multiple-person households, with only about 10 percent of people living by themselves. In more collectivist cultures like these

13、, many aspects of life revolve around community.（中国也非常喜欢多人家庭，只有大约1。的 人独自生活。在这些更集体主义的文化中，生活的许多方面都围绕着社区）“可知，大多数 中国人更喜欢住在一起的原因是因为因为他们有共同的文化。故选A项。Hilton found that American English speakers have different conversational styles. She identified two distinct groups: high and low intensity speakers. High in

14、tensity speakers are generally uncomfortable with moments of silence in conversation and consider talking at the same time a sign of engagement. Low intensity speakers find it rude to talk at the same time and prefer people speak one after another in conversation.The differences in conversational st

15、yles became evident when participants listened to audio clips in which two people spoke at the same time but were agreeing with each other and stayed on topic, Hilton said. The high intensity group reported that conversations where people spoke at the same time when expressing agreement were not int

16、en,uptive but engaged and friendlier than the conversations with moments of silence in between speaking turns. In contrast, the low intensity group perceived any amount of simultaneous （同口寸）chat as a rude interruption, regardless of what the speakers were saying.“People care about being interrupted,

17、 and those small interruptions can have a massive effect on the overall communication J Hilton said. Breaking apart what an interruption means is essential if we want to understand how humans interact with each other.”1. What does Hiltons research fbcus on?A. What interruptions mean to people.B Whet

18、her interruption is good or not.C. How to avoid getting interrupted.D. Why speakers interrupt each other.2. What do participants of the study need to do?A.Record an audio clip.B.Answer some questions.C.Listen to one another.D.Have a chat with a friend.3. What do low intensity speakers think of simul

19、taneous chat?A.It9s important.B.Its interesting.C.It9s inefficient.D.Ws impolite.4. What can we learn from Hiltons research?A. Human interaction is complex.B Communication is the basis of life.C. Interruptions promote thinking.D. Language barriers will always exist.【答案】1. A 2. B 3. D 4. A【解析】这是一篇说明文

20、。研究表明，在谈话中被打断是否会带来不愉快，因人而异。1 .主旨大意题。根据第一段第二句But was that really an interruption? The answer depends on whom you ask, according to new research led by Katherine Hilton from Stanford University.（但这 真的是打扰吗？根据斯坦福大学凯瑟琳希尔顿领导的一项新研究，答案取决于你问谁）和第 四段第二、三句The high intensity group reported that conversations whe

21、re people spoke at the same time when expressing agreement were not interruptive but engaged and friendlier than the conversations with moments of silence in between speaking turns. In contrast, the low intensity group perceived any amount of simultaneous chat as a rude inteiTuption, regardless of w

22、hat the speakers were saying.（高强度组报告说，人们在表达同意的同时说话的对话不会被打断，而 是比在说话之间保持沉默的对话更投入、更友好。相比之下，低强度组认为任何数量的同时 聊天都是粗鲁的打断，不管说话人在说什么广可知，文章主要说明了“打断”对不同的人来说， 意义不同，即“打断”对人们意味着什么。故选A项。2 .细节理解题。根据第二段第二句 She had participants listen to audio clips and then answer questions about whether the speakers seemed to be frie

23、ndly and engaged, listening to one another, or trying to interrupt.（她让参与者听一些音频片段，然后回答一些问题，比如说话者看起来是 否友好、投入、彼此倾听，还是试图打断）“可知，参与者们需要在听完音频后回答一些问题。 故选B项。3 .推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句Low intensity speakers find it rude to talk at the same time and prefer people speak one after another in conversation.（低强度说话者觉得同时说话很不

24、礼貌, 他们更喜欢人们在谈话中一个接一个地说话广可推知，对于低强度聊天者来说，同时聊天是 粗鲁的，不礼貌的。故选D项。4 .推理判断题。根据最后一段“People care about being interrupted, and those small interruptions can have a massive effect on the overall communication J Hilton said. Breaking apart what an interruption means is essential if we want to understand how huma

25、ns interact with each other.” （“人们很在意被打断，而这些小的干扰会对整体交流产生巨大影响希尔顿说。“如果我们想了解人类之间是如何互动的，就必须分解中断的含义。”广可推知，人类的交流 是复杂的。故选A项。押题速练2It has happened to us all: sitting on the sofa, toying with the idea of sending an old friend an unexpected text, but worrying that a message out of the blue may seem unusual or

26、just unwelcome.However, research suggests such fears are unfounded, with those on the receiving end often far more grateful than the sender may expect.Dr Peggy Liu, the lead author of the research said the team began their research because they felt a lot of people were losing touch with each other.

27、 We wondered why that might be J she said.Liu and her colleagues conducted a series of experiments, based on hypothetical （虚构的） and real-life plots, involving more than 5,900 participants. In one experiment, 54 participants wrote a note to a fellow college student they hadnt been in touch for a whil

28、e. This note was emailed to the latter by the researchers, who asked both the writer and recipient to indicate how much they felt the message was appreciated.The results show that on average senders rated recipients9（接收者）appreciation at 5.57 on a seven-point scale, while the recipients themselves ra

29、ted their appreciation at 6.17. The team said this and other experiments revealed that people receiving messages appreciate them significantly more than the sender tends to expect.But Liu said questions remained. While we show that people typically underestimate how much others appreciate being reac

30、hed out to, it remains an outstanding question how we can actually motivate people to reach out to others more/ she said. “Thats what were going to do nexLStephen Reicher, a professor of social psychology at the University of St Andrews, said the results made sense. “If the pandemic （疫T青爆发）has taugh

31、t us anything, it is that we have a pandemic of loneliness causing massive harm and we need to address it urgently as a matter of public health J Feeling connected to others has consistently been shown to be good for our physical and mental health. Such connections can be remarkably effective in eve

32、rything from protecting against depression to recovery from heart attacks J he said, adding that simply feeling part of a group was equally effective.1. What does Lius research want to find out?A. How people are overcoming fears of contacting friends.B Why people are getting disconnected with each o

33、ther.C. When people can send texts to rebuild an old friendship.D. Whether people should send friends an unexpected text.2. What aspect of the research does Para.4 mainly talk about?A. Its design.B. Its impact.C. Its process. D. Its theory.3. What will the researchers do next?A. Find ways to connect

34、 people.B Increase trust between people.C. Shape peoples perception of friends.D. Call on people to appreciate friendship.4. What message does Stephen Reicher want to convey?A. The pandemic is to blame for mental illness.B. Reaching out to others is beneficial to health.C. Joining a group is prefera

35、ble to getting connected.D. The authorities should address loneliness urgently.【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A 4. B【解析】这是一篇说明文。研究者通过调查发现，如果给一个许久未联系的老朋友发消息, 信息接收者往往比信息发送者预估的要更加高兴，与他人联系有益身心健康。1 .细节理解题 o 根据第三段Dr Peggy Liu, the lead author of the research said the team began their research because they felt a lot of

36、 people were losing touch with each other. We wondered why that might be, she said.（这项研究的主要作者刘佩吉博士说，研究小组开始研究是因为他 们觉得很多人正在失去联系。“我们想知道为什么会这样，”她说厂可知，刘的研究想弄清楚 为什么人们之间的联系越来越疏远。故选B。2 .主旨大意题。根据第四段“Liu and her colleagues conducted a series of experiments, based on hypothetical （虚构的）and real-life plots, invo

37、lving more than 5,900 participants. In one experiment, 54 participants wrote a note to a fellow college student they hadnt been in touch fbr a while. This note was emailed to the latter by the researchers, who asked both the writer and recipient to indicate how much they felt the message was appreci

38、ated.（刘和她的同事进行了一系 列实验，基于假设和现实情节，涉及5900多名参与者。在一项实验中，54名参与者给一位 已经有一段时间没有联系的大学同学写了一张纸条。研究人员通过电子邮件将这封信发给了 后者，并要求写信人和收信人说明他们对这封信的感激程度）”可知，第四段主要讲了调查的 过程。故选C。3 .细节理解题。根据第六段最后两句“While we show that people typically underestimate how much others appreciate being reached out to, it remains an outstanding quest

39、ion how we can actually motivate people to reach out to others more J she said. Thats what were going to do next.”（“虽然我们的研究表明，人们通常低估了别人被联系的感激程度，但我们如何才能真 正激励人们更多地联系别人，这仍然是一个悬而未决的问题，”她说。“这就是我们接下来要 做的。”户可知，研究者接下来会寻找让人们联系的方法。故选A。4 .细节理解题。根据最后一段第三句Feeling connected to others has consistently been shown t

40、o be good for our physical and mental health.（与他人的联系一直被证明对我们的身心健康有 好处）”可知，Stephen Reicher想要传达的信息是和他人联系有益健康。故选B。押题速练3Weve all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, surrounded by people who are, like us, deeply focused on their smartphones or, worse, struggling with the uncomfo

41、rtable silence.Whats the problem? Its possible that we all have compromised conversational intelligence. Its more likely that none of us start a conversation because its awkward and challenging, or we think its annoying and unnecessary. But the next time you find yourself among strangers, consider t

42、hat small talk is worth the trouble. Experts say its an invaluable social practice that results in big benefits.Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we cant forget that deep relationships wouldnteven exist if it werent for casual conversation. Small talk is the grease（润滑剂）for social com

43、munication, says Bernardo Carducci, director of the Shyness Research Institute at IndianaUniversity Southeast. Almost every great love story and each big business deal begins with small talk, n he explains. The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate

44、 with them.In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, associate professor of psychology at UBC, invited people on their way into a coffee shop. One group was asked to seek out an interaction（互动）with its waiter; the other, to speak only when necessary. The results showed that those who chatted with their serve

45、r reported significantly higher positive feelings and a better coffee shop experience. Its not that talking to the waiter is better than talking to your husband, M says Dunn. ” But interactions with peripheral（边缘的）members of our social network matter for our well-being also. nDunn believes that peop

46、le who reach out to strangers feel a significantly greater sense of belonging, a bond with others. Carducci believes developing such a sense of belonging starts with small talk. ” Small talk is the basis of good manners, he says.1. What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph?A. Addiction to

47、smartphones.B. Inappropriate behaviours in public places.C. Absence of communication between strangers.D. Impatience with slow service.2. What is important for successful small talk according to Carducci?A. Showing good manners.B. Relating to other people.C. Focusing on a topic.D. Making business de

48、als.3. What does the coffee-shop study suggest about small talk?B. It raises peoples confidence.D. It makes people feel good.B. Ways of Making Small TalkD. Uncomfortable SilenceA. It improves family relationships.C. It matters as much as a formal talk.4. What is the best title for the text?A. Conversation CountsC. Benefits of Small Talk【答案】1. C 2. B 3. D 4. C【解析】这是一篇议论文。在当今社会，人们在公共场合或沉迷于智能手机，或与不舒服的 沉默抗争，陌生人之间缺乏沟通。但人与人之间是需要适当的交谈闲聊的，闲聊是人际关系 社会交往必不可少的部分，而且也有很多好处。1 .主旨大意题。题干问的是：第一段描述了什么现象。在公共场合（比如在电梯里，在银 行排队，或在飞机上）人们深深地专注于他们的智能手机 或者更糟糕的是，与不舒服的沉 默抗争。有此可知，陌生人之间缺乏沟通