江苏省响水中学2021-2022学年高二下学期第一次学情分析考试英语 Word版含解析.docx

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1、2022年春学期高二年级第一次学情分析考试英语试题考生注意:L本试卷考试时间为120分钟，试卷满分150分，考试形式闭卷。2 .本试卷中所有试题必须作答在答题卡上规定的位置，否则答题无效。3 .答题前，务必将自己的姓名，准考证号用0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔填写在试卷及答题卡 上。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共5小题；每小题L5分，共7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选 项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅 读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1 .【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Ho

2、w will the woman go home?A. By taxi.B. By bus.C. By motorcycle.【答案】A【解析】原文 M: The bus line has stopped running. Let me take you home.W: No, thanks. Ifs too cold to sit at the back of the motorcycle. Til just call a taxi.2 .【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Why does the man refuse to drink cola?A. He doesnt feel wel

3、l.B. He is on a diet.C. He doesnt like it.【答案】A【解析】原文W: You dont drink cola? Are you still on a diet?M: No but Ive got a toothache. Tm afraid I wont be able to drink anything sweet for a while.3 .【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】How does the woman feel about the musical?A. Great.B. So-so.C. Terrible.【答案】B推理判断题。根据最

4、后一段的 “The pilot announced Dyngos military status, inspiring applause from the whole cabin. When we reached my flat, we both collapsed from exhaustion.（飞行员宣布 了 Dyngo 的军衔，整 个机舱都为他鼓掌。当我们到达我的公寓时，我们俩都累倒了。）”可知，在他们回家的航班上Dyngo得 到乘客们的认可，这次航班虽然很累，但也很鼓舞人心。故选A。【27题详解】推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的 “In front of me was a lar

5、ge dog, showing his jaws so hard that his teeth gave a loud sound with each bark. His eyes were locked on me, desperate for the toy in my hand.（在我的面 前有一条大狗，它的下颗非常用力，每一次吠叫都使牙齿发出响亮的声音。它的眼睛盯着我，渴望着我 手里的玩具。）”可知，本文主要介绍的是军犬Dyngo,因此可能是来自于杂志，故选D。CNew research suggests that a gene that governs the bodys biolo

6、gical （circadian） clock acts differently in males versus females and may protect females from heart disease. The study is the first to analyze circadian blood pressure rhythms （节奏）in female mice.The bodys circadian clock-the biological clock that organizes bodily activities over a 24-hour period- co

7、ntributes to normal variations in blood pressure and heart function over the course of the day. In most healthy humans, blood pressure dips （下降）at night. People who do not experience this temporary drop, called non- dippers”, are more likely to develop heart disease. The circadian clock is made up o

8、f four main proteins （encoded by clock genes） that regulate close to half of all genes in the body, including those important for blood pressure regulation.Previous research has shown that male mice that are missing one of the four clock genes （PER 1） become non-dippers and have a higher risk for he

9、art and kidney disease. A research team studied the circadian response and blood pressure of female mice that lack PERI and compared them with a healthy female control group. On both low-and high-salt diets, both groups retained an apparent circadian rhythm“ of blood pressure, the researchers explai

10、ned. Unlike the male mice in previous research, the females without PERI showed normal dips in blood pressure overnight.These results suggest that the lack of PER 1 acts differently in males and females. The findings are consistent with research showing that women are less likely to be non-dippers t

11、han men of the same age. HThis study represents an important step in understanding sex differences in the regulation of cardiovascular （心血管） function by the circadian clock,1 the researchers wrote.28. What does the new research find?A. Biological clock may protect males from heart disease.B. Biologi

12、cal blood pressure rhythms in female mice acts normally.C. Biological clock organizes bodily activities over a 24-hour period.D A gene controlling biological clock works differently between sexes.29. What role can circadian clock play according to the text?A. Helping males cure heart disease.B. Help

13、ing blood pressure vary normally.C. Contributing to abnormal variations in blood pressure.D. Making up four main proteins regulating almost half of all genes.30. Which word can best replace the underlined word retained“ in paragraph 3?A. treated.B. warned.C. kept.D. watched.31. What would be a suita

14、ble title for the text?A. One clock gene is importantB. Women may benefit from body clockC. New study analyzes blood pressure rhythmsD. Blood pressure of healthy humans dips at night【答案】28.D29. B 30. C 31. B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了控制人体生物钟的基因在男性和女性中的作用不同，女性可能受 益于生物钟。【28题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段 “New research sug

15、gests that a gene that governs the bodys biological (circadian) clock acts differently in males versus females and may protect females from heart disease.v（新的研究表明，控制人体生物钟（昼夜节律）的基因在男性和女性中的作用不同，可能保护女性免受心脏病的侵害。）可 知，新的研究发现，控制生物钟的基因对于男性和女性的作用是不同的。故选D项。【29题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段 “The bodys circadian clock-the bi

16、ological clock that organizes bodily activities over a 24-hour period-contributes to normal variations in blood pressure and heart function over the course of the day.”(人体昼夜节律的在24小时内组织身体活动的生物钟有助于一天中血压和心脏功能的正常变化。)可知，生物钟有助于血压和心脏功能正常变化。故选B项。【30题详解】词句猜测题。根据第三段 uUnlike the male mice in previous research,

17、 the females without PERI showed normal dips in blood pressure overnight.n（与先前研究中的雄性小鼠不同，没有PER1的雌性小鼠在一夜 之间血压正常下降。）可知，此句研究结果与前句表示对比，前句表示在低盐和高盐的饮食中，两组小鼠 的血压保持明显的昼夜节律，推测划线单词表示“保持，与kept同义。故选C项。【31题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段 “New research suggests that a gene that governs the bodys biological （circadian） clock acts

18、differently in males versus females and may protect females from heart disease.v（新的研究表明， 控制人体生物钟（昼夜节律）的基因在男性和女性中的作用不同，可能保护女性免受心脏病的侵害。）可 知，生物钟可能保护女性免受心脏病的侵害，以及最后一段“The findings are consistent with research showing that women are less likely to be non-dippers than men of the same age. ” （研究表明， 女性比同龄男

19、性更不可能成为非杓型。）可知，女性受到生物钟的影响，心脏和肾脏疾病风险可能更低，所以“女性可 能受益于生物钟”可以作为文章标题。故选B项。DHuman is struggling to contain two major crises: Skyrocketing global temperatures and deep-diving biodiversity （生物多样t生）.But people tend to solve each problem on its own, for instance by using green energies and carbon-eating machi

20、nes, while surrounding ecosystems to preserve them. But a new report argues that treating each crisis in isolation （孤立地）means missing out on solutions that resolve both. Human cant solve one without also solving the other.So what might these solutions look like? Say, for instance, you turn a heavily

21、 logged forest into a national park. As the trees grow back, they would provide habitat for the return of animals. Letting a forest come back naturally, rather than planting a single species of tree to balance up some corporations carbon emissions （排放）， makes it recover faster. This is known as a na

22、ture-based solution, a campaign that both absorb carbon and provides an extra ecological or economic benefit.Stopping humans attacks on ecosystems can also help fight climate change, the studys authors write. Even cities can get in on the action, the report notes. Urban areas turn into heat islands1

23、 because they absorb the suns energy during the day and slowly release it at night. They are therefore much hotter than surrounding rural areas. Planting more trees cools cities and provides habitats for birds and shade for humans, which will be even more critical as global temperatures rise.The big

24、 threat, the authors stress, is that nature-based solutions alone cant stop climate change. As temperatures climb and droughts get more severe, itll be harder for forests, wetlands, and mangroves to survive, even with our help. First and foremost, human has to dramatically reduce its greenhouse gas

25、emissions. Nature is not going to save us.” the authors say. “We can only use nature to support efforts.”u Still, governments and corporations are becoming more conscious of the importance of maintaining biodiversity while also fighting climate change,1 says Beymer-Farris, from the University of Ken

26、tucky. UT myself, as a professor who has been working in this for 20 years, I see a lot of hope, because I see a lot of change on the horizon/32. How should people deal with the two crises?A. By using carbon-eating machines.B. By giving priority to one of them.C. By tackling them in the meanwhile.D.

27、 By establishing more nature reserves.33. What is the most effective way to stop climate change according to the author?A. Plant more trees in urban areas.B. Adopt nature- based solutions.C. Send out less greenhouse gas.D. Provide habitats for animals.34 What is Beymer- Farriss attitude to the futur

28、e of the ecology?A. Optimistic.B. Doubtful.C. Critical.D. Concerned.35. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?A. Why we care about climate changeB. How to live in harmony with natureC. Why urban areas become “heat islands11D. How to protect species and save the planet【答案】32.C33. C

29、34. A 35. D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人类如何保护物种和拯救地球。目前，人类正在努力遏制两大 危机：全球气温飙升和深海生物多样性。基于自然的解决方案，生态环境得到一定程度的改善，但我们 也要用大自然方式来支持我们的努力，如：大幅减少温室气体排放。【32题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段第三、四句But a new report argues that treating each crisis in isolation （孤立地） means missing out on solutions that resolve both. Human cant solve one

30、without also solving the other.v （但 份新的报告认为，孤立地对待每一场危机意味着错过了解决这两个问题的解决方案。人类不能在不解决 另一个问题的情况下解决一个问题。）可知，人们应该同时应对这两个危机。故选C项。【33题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段 uFirst and foremost, human has to dramatically reduce its greenhouse gas emissions.（首先，人类必须大幅减少温室气体排放。）可知，作者认为，阻止气候变化最有效的方法是 减少温室气体排放。故选C项。【34题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一

31、段I myself, as a professor who has been working in this for 20 years, I see a lot of hope, because I see a lot of change on the horizon.v（我自己，作为一名在这方面工作了 20年的教授，我看 到了很多希望，因为我看到了很多变化。）可知，贝默-法里斯对生态的未来持乐观态度，Optimistic乐观 的，符合题意。故选A项。【35题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第二段第一句So what might these solutions look like?v（那么这些解决方案

32、会是什么 样子呢？）、 第三段第句 uStopping humans attacks on ecosystems can also help fight climate change” （阻 止人类对生态系统 攻击也有助于对抗气候变化。）以及最后一段uStill, governments and corporationsare .while also fighting climate change. （“尽管如此，政府和公司越来越意识到保持生物多样性的重要 性，同时也在应对气候变化。）结合文章大意，可知，文章介绍了人类如何保护物种和拯救地球。目前， 人类正在努力遏制两大危机：全球气温飙升和深海

33、生物多样性。基于自然的解决方案，生态环境得到一 定程度的改善，但我们也要用大自然方式来支持我们的努力，如：大幅减少温室气体排放。故选D项。第二节七选五（共5小题；每小题2. 5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选 项。How to Beat Depression and LonelinessSymptoms of depression and loneliness include sadness, loss of interest in activities, feelings of worthlessness, energy

34、loss and having difficulty eating and sleeping. If you are experiencing depression and feelings of loneliness, recovery may seem impossible. 36Seek professional help to treat your depression. Talk with your general physician, friends and family if you need some advice or are nervous about seeking he

35、lp 37 This includes symptoms you have experienced, life changes that have contributed to your conditions, medicine you are taking and any questions you may face. After your appointment, stick to the treatment plan, take all medicine and attend your therapy sessions.38 Talk about your feelings with o

36、thers who have once suffered depression and loneliness. Ask your friends or loved ones for help and accept help when you need it.39 Add daily physical activity to your schedule, such as walking or jogging. Eat healthy and balanced meals that include foods rich in Omega-3 fatty acids （月旨肪酸），which can

37、 ease depression. Take part in some activities and relieve your stress. Get enough sleep at night and avoid alcohol and illegal drugs, as these can make your conditions worse.Make an effort to take part in more social activities to beat loneliness. You can take a class to start a new hobby or learn

38、a skill. Get together with friends and family regularly, 40A. Avoid isolating yourself from others.B. Turn to your friends and loved ones for help.C. Choose a way that works best for you and stick to it.D. Join a sports team to deal with depression and loneliness.E. Write down information you want t

39、o share with your doctor in advance.F. Lead an active lifestyle to beat depression and feelings of loneliness.G. However, with proper treatment and support, it is possible to get through the period.【答案】36. G 37. E 38. B 39. F 40. A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述了如何战胜抑郁和孤独。【36题详解】由上文 “If you are experiencing de

40、pression and feelings of loneliness, recovery may seem impossible.（如果您正 在经历抑郁和孤独感，康复似乎是不可能的）”可知，康复似乎是没有希望的。但G项“However, with proper treatment and support, it is possible to get through the period.（然而，通过适当的治疗和支持，是有可能 度过这段时期的）”与上文形成转折，get through the period与上文中的you are experiencing depression and feel

41、ings of loneliness 相照应。故选 G 项。【37题详解】由空处上文 u Talk with your general physician, friends and family if you need some advice or are nervous about seeking help.（如果您需要一些建议或对寻求帮助感到紧张，请咨询您的全科医生、朋友和家人）”以及下 文 “This includes symptoms you have experienced, life changes that have contributed to your conditions,

42、 medicine you are taking and any questions you may face.（这包括您所经历的症状、导致您的病情的生活变 化、您正在服用的药物以及您可能面临的任何问题）”可知，这介绍了看医生之前和之后的注意的事项， 且下文的 This 指代 E 项 “Write down information you want to share with your doctor in advance.（提前写下您 想与您的医生分享的信息）“中information you want to share with your doctor0故选E项。【38题详解】由下文 “Ta

43、lk about your feelings with others who have once suffered depression and loneliness. Ask your friends or loved ones for help and accept help when you need it.（与曾经遭受抑郁和孤独的人谈谈您的感受。向您的 朋友或亲人寻求帮助，并在需要时接受帮助）”可知，本段主要讲述可以向朋友和亲人寻求帮助。B项“Turn to your friends and loved ones for help.（向你的朋友和亲人寻求帮助）”与下文中 Ask you

44、r friends orloved ones for help上下呼应,故选B项。【39题详解】 由下文 “Add daily physical activity to your schedule, such as walking or jogging. Eat healthy and balanced meals that include foods rich in Omega-3 fatty acids, which can ease depression.（寻日常体育活动添力H至Ll您的日 程表中，例如步行或慢跑。吃健康均衡的食物，包括富含3-3脂肪酸的食物，可以缓解抑郁）”和“Get

45、enough sleep at night and avoid alcohol and illegal drugs, as these can make your conditions worse.（晚上要有充 足的睡眠，避免饮酒和非法药物，因为这些会使你的病情恶化）”可知，本段从运动、饮食、睡眠等生活 习惯方面来说明如何通过积极的生活方式来战胜抑郁和孤独。该空位于首句，是主旨句。F项“Leadanactive lifestyle to beat depression and feelings of loneliness.（过积极的生活方式来战胜抑郁和孤独感）”中的active lifesty

46、le与下文中的具体活动相呼应。故选F项。【40题详解】 根据上文 “Make an effort to take part in more social activities to beat loneliness. You can take a class to start a new hobby or learn a skill. Get together with friends and family regularly.（努力参加更多的社交活动来战胜孤 独。您可以上课以开始新的爱好或学习技能。定期与朋友和家人聚会）”可知，本段讲通过更多的社交活 动来战胜抑郁和独孤，时常与亲朋好友见面，避

47、免与他人隔离。A项“Avoid isolating yourself from others.（避免孤立自己）”与上文 Get together with friends and family regularly 相照应，故选 A 项。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分,满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。I once coached volleyball for a group of kids for the Special Olympics. One particular Tuesday

48、night, after warming up, the kids began their 41, Brian was sitting in the 42 by himself, as usual, 43between watching the other kids and resting his head on his knees.His family 44 greatly with what they referred to as his condition. 45, this caused him a lot ofanger and sadness. With a 46 ability to fully understand and deal with the negativity in his life, Brian often 47 and wouldnt communicate with others. Working with Brian each week, I knew I had to be 48.On this particular luesday night as 1 had done so many times before, 1 simply told