2022-2023学年浙江省杭州市高二（下）期末英语试卷（含解析）.docx

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1、2022.2023学年浙江省杭州市高二（下）期末英语试卷一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共37.5分）ABuilding with 3 D printing technology is sparking widespread interest in the construction industry.Besides reducing waste and our impact on the environment, it can speed up construction from weeks, or months, to days.To see how the technology can c

2、hange the world around us, here are some projects that highlight bold ideas in 3 D print building.Instant NeighborhoodCommunity building takes on new meaning with the creation of a neighborhood of 3 D printed homes in Tabasco, Mexico, aimed at tackling global homelessness.American non-profit New Sto

3、ry and tech company ICON built each concrete house from start to completion in 24 hours.New Story says its aim is to provide shelter for people without homes around the world.Nested HousingShamballa is the idea of Italian 3 D print construction company WASP.This project use s soil and straw to build

4、 a home in days that cos t only 48 Euros in materials and energy.Its round designs are based on the wasp（黄蜂）nest.Each home features a laboratory with a desktop 3 D printer for making furniture, artistic objects and more.Think SchoolsAfrican island state Madagascar is hosting one of the worlds most f

5、orward-thinking school building projects.Non-profit Thinking Huts is using 3 D print technology to provide school s where children have little or no access to education.School s are built using local materials and low carbon concrete in under a week.Concrete StepsResearchers at the Swiss University

6、ETH Zurich used concrete 3 D printing to build the 16 metre long curved Striatus footbridge in a couple of days.The project used 500 layers of concrete and 53 hollow blocks, held in place by compression （压缩）.This reduces materials by up to 70 per cent, and the entire bridge can be pulled down and re

7、cycled.1. What could be the inspiration behind the design of Nested Housing ? 38.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Today was the finals of the Dance Competition.Our team of five had me as the lead dancer； then there was Grace, my best friend and Eric, a dance lover who is a master in perfecting o

8、ur choreography （编舞）；and two talented twins, with such flexibility and grace on the stage that one cannot take their eyes off them.We had found a perfect coach for our team.Jackie, a cousin of Erics, worked in a dance school.She was a bit hesitant at first, but quickly agreed when she saw the progre

9、ss we had made so far.In the dressing rooms, there were so many other competitors preparing for their performance, rushing here and there.Grace and I had changed into our costumes and were putting on our shoes when Ericmurmured, nWho are they? ”We turned to follow his stare, among many people, four

10、beautiful girls along with a lean boy had just walked in.Theyre first-rate!1 cried Grace, more like fashion models.nThey sure were. A look at the list of competitors told me they were fromnTwee kversen, the most famous dance school in the whole country.Jackie came up behind us, Guys, its time, come

11、on.Lets go!”nOooh, do you get the vibe （氛围）？ Grace was excited.I could understand her, I didnt feel any less thrilled.When we entered the concert hall, my jaw literally just dropped.lt was massive.There were so many people.The four judges, who were seated at a large panel, did look very serious.The

12、competition started.The first performances were brilliant.One team had the neon （霓虹）theme, in which they wore shine-in-the-dark costumes and the whole place was dark.I was attracted to their impressive display.Obviously, everybody was.The judges1 cards displayed the scores.They were marking out of t

13、en.The next performances were even better, but for us, they became more competitive.The group from Tweek verse was the best.Their costumes, charming faces and fascinating performance impressed everyone.注意：（I）续写词数应为150左右；（2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。It was our turn next.I could hardly believe my eyes when I

14、saw the final score-9.5 on the screen.答案和解析13.【答案】C、B、B【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第三段Its round designs are based on the wasp （黄蜂）nest.（它 的圆形设计是基于黄蜂的巢。）可知，巢式住宅的设计灵感是圆形的黄蜂的巢，故选C。（2）推理判断题。根据最后一段 Researchers at the Swiss University ETH Zurich used concrete 3 D printing to build the 16 metre long curved Striatus foo

15、tbridge in a couple of days.（瑞士苏黎世联邦理工 学院的研究人员使用混凝土 3D打印技术在几天内建造了这座16米长的弯曲Striatus人行桥。） 以及末句 This reduces materials by up to 70 per cent, and the entire bridge can be pulled down and recycled.（这减少了高达70%的材料，整个桥梁可以被拆除和回收。）可知，Concrete Steps的3 D 建筑项目可以拆除并重复使用，故选B。（3）细节理解题。根据文章前二段 Building with 3 D print

16、ing technology is sparking widespread interest in the construction industry.Besides reducing waste and our impact on the environment, it can speed up construction from weeks, or months, todays.（使用 3 D 打印技术的建筑引起了建筑行业 的广泛兴趣。除了减少浪费和对环境的影响外，它还可以将施工时间从几周、几个月缩短到几天。） 可知，本文主要介绍使用3D打印技术的建筑，而他们的共同点是建筑工期变短，即修建

17、得更快， 故选Bo本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了使用3D打印技术建造建筑物的优势，包括减少浪费和对环境的 影响，以及缩短建造时间。文章列举了几个使用3D打印技术建造的项目，包括在墨西哥建造的 3D打印房屋社区、使用土壤和稻草建造的意大利3D打印房屋、使用3D打印技术建造的马达加 斯加学校和使用混凝土3D打印建造的瑞士步道桥。这些项目展示了 3D打印技术在建筑领域的 创新应用。做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语 句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。47.【答案】B、C、A、D【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第三段 Bannister was liv

18、ing in a shelter after a terribly challenging life that involved child abuse, overcoming addiction, and the death of his first wife, followed by the death of his second.（班尼斯特经历了一段充满挑战的生活，包括虐待儿童，克服毒瘾，第一任妻子和 第二任妻子相继去世，之后他住在一个避难所）可知，班尼斯特经历了痛苦的童年，毒瘾，妻子 逝世。故选B。（2）细节理解题。根据第二段 After it became clear that Br

19、ian Bannister was a kind soul who had simply fallen on hard times, Danielle MacDuff offered him a job on her farm.（在得知布莱恩班尼斯特是一 个陷入困境的善良的人之后，丹妮尔麦克杜夫在她的农场给了他一份工作）可知，麦克杜夫给班 尼斯特在农场工作的职业。故选C。（3）细节理解题。根据倒数第二段 The friendship that grew over time between the two led MacDuff to set up a GoFundMe to help Bria

20、n get back on his feet, which raised nearly CAD $ 10, 000 and was able to help him get his first shave and a haircut in two years as well as a new phone.（随着日寸间的推移， 两 人之间的友谊不断加深，麦克杜夫建立了一个GoFundMe网站，帮助布莱恩重新站起来，筹集了 近1万加元，并帮助他在两年内第一次刮胡子和理发，以及买了一部新手机）可知，麦克杜夫建 立网站是为了提供经济上的支持给布莱恩，让他重新站起来。故选A。（4）推理判断题。根据末段

21、MacDuff said, nIf we could get everyone off the street ideally that would be my one wish, but it takes a lot of people to come together and that is what has happened for Brian.I think thats why weve come so far in such a short time/（麦克杜夫说：如果我们能让所有人都离开 街头，这是我的一个理想愿望，但这需要很多人齐心协力，这就是布莱恩的遭遇。我认为这就是 为什么我们

22、在这么短的时间内取得了这么大的进展。“）可知，很多人齐心协力帮助，在短时间内 取得了很大的进展，阐释了众人拾柴火焰高的道理。故选D。本文讲述了一个女性在和一个无家可归的男人交谈后，给他提供了一份工作，改变了他的生活。 男人曾经经历了许多挫折，但女性的帮助让他重新振作起来，并且成为了女性农场的一名劳动力。 女性还为男人筹集了资金，帮助他重新开始生活。女性希望能够帮助更多的无家可归者，但这需 要更多人的支持。阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对 未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事 例给以解释。考生首先

23、要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。811 .【答案】A、C、A、D【解析】（1）文章类型题。根据第一段A Kenyan citizen has been selected as one of the winners of an international award for pioneering grassroots efforts to protect iconic （标志性的） wildlife species at the Amboseli National Park, which borders Tanzania.（一名肯尼亚公民被选为一项国际奖项的获奖者之一，以表彰他在

24、与坦桑 尼亚接壤的安博塞利国家公园为保护标志性野生动物物种所做的开拓性基层努力。）可知，文章 是一篇新闻报道。A.A news report 一篇新闻报道；B.A diary entry本日记；C.A biography一本自 传；D.A science article 一篇科学文章。故选A。（2）细节理解题。根据第二段 Even now we are in a period of drought but I am happy we have managed to get 40 percent of public land for wildlife in the Amboseli region

25、.（即使现在我们正处于干旱时期， 但我很高兴我们已经设法为安博塞利地区的野生动物争取到了 40%的公共土地。）可知，Leturesh 的努力让当地的野生动物栖息地得到了很好的保护。故选Co（3）推理判断题。根据倒数第二段 According to IFAW, Leturesh has been engaging local communities to preserve their lands and allow the free movement of wildlife in the Amboseli ecosystem.In addition, Leturesh has secured 2

26、6, 000 acres for wildlife habitation by persuading 2, 600 landowners to rent out their land through international and local conservation groups.Thanks to his continuing efforts, there has not been harmful development of wildlife spreading habitats within the Amboseli ecosystem, said IFAW.Other achie

27、vements include the establishment of Kitenden Conservancy which connects Amboseli and West Kilimanjaro wildlife shelters, added IFAW.（据 IFAW 称，Leturesh 一直在与当地社区合 作，保护他们的土地，并允许野生动物在安博塞利生态系统中自由活动。此外，Leturesh还说服 2600名土地所有者通过国际和当地的保护组织出租他们的土地，从而获得了 26000英亩的野生动 物栖息地。IFAW表示，由于他的持续努力，安博塞利生态系统内没有出现野生动物栖息地扩张

28、 的有害发展。IFAW补充说，其他成就包括建立了连接安博塞利和西乞力马扎罗山野生动物收容 所的 Kitenden 保护协会。）以及最后一段 James Sawyer, the UK director for IFAW, said that Leturesh!s devotion to preserving his native lands for wildlife paved the way for iconic species to boom under threats like habitat loss and climate change. （IFAW 的英国主管 James Sawye

29、r 说，Leturesh 致力于为野生动 物保护自己的家园，为标志性物种在栖息地丧失和气候变化等威胁下的繁荣铺平了道路。）可知， Leturesh有奉献精神且有抱负。A.Devoted and ambitious有奉献精神和抱负的；B.Tough and cautious 坚韧而谨慎的；C.Cooperative and easy-going 合作且随和的；D.D.Honest and determined 诚实而坚 定的。故选A。（4）标题归纳题。根据第一段 A Kenyan citizen has been selected as one of the winners of an inte

30、rnational award for pioneering grass-roots efforts to protect iconic （标志性的） wildlife species at the Amboseli National Park, which borders Tanzania.Daniel Leturesh, a grass-roots wildlife conservationist（环保主义者），won the award from the International Fund for Animal Welfare （IFAW） thanks to his three de

31、cades of protecting the natural habitats of iconic species like elephants and rhinoceros.（名 肯尼亚公民被选为一项国际奖项的获奖者之一，以表彰他在与坦桑尼亚接壤的安博塞利国家公园 为保护标志性野生动物物种所做的开拓性基层努力。环保主义者Daniel Leturesh因30年来保护大 象和犀牛等标志性物种的自然栖息地而获得了国际爱护动物基金会（IFAW）颁发的奖项。）可知， 文章主要说明了肯尼亚公民Daniel Leturesh被选为一项国际奖项的获奖者之一，介绍了他为保护 野生动物所付出的努力以及人们对他

32、的看法。故D.Kenyan Conservationist Wins Award for Wildlife Protection.（肯尼亚自然保护主义者获得野生动物 保护奖。）最符合文章标题。故选D。本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了肯尼亚公民Daniel Leturesh因为在Amboseli国家公园保护大象和 犀牛等标志性野生动物物种的基层努力而获得国际动物福利基金会（IFAW）的国际奖项。他通过 积极参与社区保护野生动物栖息地三十年，赢得了 40%的公共土地用于野生动物栖息地。做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语 句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确

33、答案。1215.【答案】D、C、D、B【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据第二段 A child who learns not to drop a glass on the floor is an example of how the brain follows the physical laws of gravity to best function on Earth.（个孩子学会 了 不把杯 子掉在地板上，这就是大脑在地球上如何遵循重力物理定律来发挥最佳功能的一个例子。）可知， 作者通过举个例子解释人类大脑的变化。A.By collecting the data通过收集数据;B.By doing

34、 a survey 通过做调查；C.By introducing a new concept通过引入新概念；D.By giving an example通过举例。 故选Do（2）词句猜测题。根据第四段 In cooperation with the University of Liege, recent analyses of the brain*s activity at rest found how functional connectivity, a marker of how activity in some brain areas is connected with the acti

35、vity in others, changes in specific regions.（在与列 日大学的合作下，最近对大 脑休息时活动的分析发现，功能连通性是如何在特定区域发生变化的，功能连通性是大脑某些区 域的活动如何与其他区域的活动联系起来的标志。）At the same time, some brain changes returned to the level of how the areas were functioning before the space mission.（与此同时，大脑的一些变化回到了太空任务前的水平。）以及划线词后文after spaceflight in

36、regions which support the combination of different types of information, rather than dealing with only one type each time.（在支 持不同类型信息组合的区域进行太空飞行后，而不是每次只处理一种类型的信息）可知，后文提 到“大脑的一些变化回到了太空任务前的水平”，可推测研究人员发现在太空飞行后，支持不同类 型信息组合的区域的连通性发生了变化，而不是每次只处理一种信息，故划线词意思是“改变二 A.Strengthened 增强；B.Shortened 缩短；C.Changed 改

37、变；D.Established 确立。故选 C。（3）推理判断题。根据最后段 The researchers are excited with the results, though they know it is only the first step in pursuing our understanding of brain communication changes after space travel.For example, we need to understand whether longer time spent in outer space might influence

38、these observations, and whether brain characteristics may be helpful in selecting future astronauts or monitoring them during and after space travel.（研究人员对结果感到兴奋，尽管他们知道这只是我们了解太空 旅行后大脑通信变化的第一步。例如，我们需要了解在外太空停留的时间是否会影响这些观察结 果，以及大脑特征是否有助于选择未来的宇航员或在太空旅行期间和之后监测他们。）可知，研 究人员对未来研究的态度是充满希望。故选D。（4）主旨大意题。根据第一段

39、Scientists of the University of Antwerp and University of Liege have found how the human brain changes and adapts to weightlessness, after being in space for 6 months.（安 特卫普大学和列日大学的科学家发现，在太空中呆了6个月后，人类大脑是如何改变和适应失重 的。）结合文章主要介绍了一项关于太空旅行对人类大脑影响的研究，介绍了研究开展的经过以 及研究的发现。可知，这篇文章主要讲了太空旅行影响大脑的工作方式。故选B。本文是一篇说明文

40、，主要介绍了比利时安特卫普大学和列日大学的科学家们发现了人类大脑在太 空中适应失重的方式。他们通过对14名宇航员进行磁共振成像，发现大脑在失重环境下的功能连 接发生了改变，这些改变在回到地球后仍然存在。研究人员表示，这只是了解太空旅行后大脑通 信变化的第一步，还需要进一步研究。做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语 句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。1620.【答案】C、E、A、G、D【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据上文 Joy Improves Physical Health.In recent years,science continues

41、to prove the link between emotional well being and physical health.According to a stu dy in BMC Cancer, researchers found that happiness and optimism may protect against breast cancer.（快乐促进身体健康。近年来，科学不断证明情绪健康和身体健康之间的联系。根据BMC癌症 杂志的一项研究，研究人员发现，快乐和乐观可以预防乳腺癌。）可知，本句承接上文继续说明 快乐和乐观对疾病的预防作用。故C选项The same goe

42、s for heart disease.心脏病也是如此。”符合 语境，故选c。（2）推理判断题。根据上文Joyful People are More Productive.（快乐的人效率更高。）以及后文 Research by Harvard Business Review found that people who work with a positive mindset may improv e work performance on nearly every level including productivity, creativity, and commitment.（哈 佛商业评论

43、的研究发现，以积极心态工作的人几乎可以在各个层面上提高工作表现，包括生产 力、创造力和承诺。）可知，本段主要关于积极心态对职业的帮助，E选项中career对应后文work。 故 E 选项Making joy a priority can pay off when it comes to your career.当涉及到你的职业生涯时， 把快乐放在首位会给你带来回报。”符合语境，故选E。（3）推理判断题。根据后文 If you want to improve the relationships in your life,become a happier person.Positive psych

44、ology experts say that cultivating happiness through daily habits builds healthier relationships.When you have a positive outlook,you tend to approach the people in your life from a place of gratitude and love.This helps the other feel more valued.（如果你想改善生活中的人际关系，那就做一个更快乐的人。积极心理学专家说，通 过日常习惯培养幸福感可以建立

45、更健康的人际关系。当你有一个积极的观点，你倾向于从一个感 激和爱的地方接近你生活中的人。这会让对方感到更有价值。）可知，本段主要说明了快乐对于 人际关系的帮助，A选项中relationships对应后文relationshipso故A选项Joy strengthens relationships.快乐能加强人际关系。”符合语境，故选A。（4）细节理解题。根据上文Joy Boosts Creativity.Perhaps the typical miserable image of artists has led some to feel that misery may inspire art,

46、 yet this is not the recipe for creativity.（快乐促进仓ij造力。也许艺术家们典型的悲惨形象 让一些人觉得悲惨可能会激发艺术，但这并不是创造力的秘诀。）可知，本段主要说明了快乐可 以促进创造力，G选项中creative对应上文creativityo故G选项If you really want to inspire your creative side, you should inspire joy.如果你真的想激发你的仓U造力， 你应该激发快乐。”符合语境，故选G。（5）推理判断题。根据后文Well,it is also true with joy.W

47、hen you surround yourself with positive people,you experience more happiness in your own life.By spending more time with happy people,you may feel happier, which inspires even more joy in those you meet!（好吧，快乐也是如此。当你 和积极的人在一起时，你会在自己的生活中体验到更多的幸福。花更多的时间和快乐的人在一起， 你可能会感到更快乐，这也会给你遇到的人带来更多的快乐！）可知，本段主要说明了和

48、快乐的人 在一起也会变得快乐，D选项中misery loves company表示当一个人处于痛苦或困境时，他们会觉 得与其他同样遭遇困境的人在一起会感到安慰。故D选项You have probably heard the phrase misery loves company.你可能听过这句话：，同病相怜”符合 语境，故选D。这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了应该保持快乐的五个原因。七选五阅读是完成性阅读，和完形填空很类似，不同的是一个选词，一个选句子。解题时，要注 意上下文语境，充分考虑信息词(选项中和空格前后句子中相同或相近的词)，选出最符合语境 的句子。2135.【答案】C、A、B、D、B

49、、D、A、C、B、A、D、C、A、B、D【解析】(1)考查形容词及语境理解。A.improper不正确的；B.hopeless绝望地；C.unclear不清 楚的；D.difficult困难的。句意：他们从比赛最后50米的第5名跑到终点线的一个不明确的位置。 根据后文but the third place was not clear”可知，此处指不明确的位置。故选C。(2)考查动词短语及语境理解。A.caught up卷入；B.fell over跌倒；C.turned around转身;D.set up 建立。句意：玛丽奥尼亚利赶上来，和一名法国选手一起冲过了终点线。根据上文They came from 5th position以及后文and crossed the line alongside a French competitor可知，玛丽奥尼亚利