高中英语人教版（2019）必修第一册 高一英语知识点讲义.docx

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1、高中英语人教版必修第一册 高一英语知识点讲义必修一 Welcome Unit1. exchange n交流交换 vt 交换；交流；交易；兑换(1) in exchange (for.) 作为（与.的）交换 I want to give the girl an apple in exchange for a banana.我想给这个女孩一个苹果，来交换一个香蕉(2) exchange A for B 以A交换B；把A兑换成B(3) exchange sth. with sb. 与某人交流/交换某物 I exchanged some words with Lucy.我和露西交谈了几句。 (4)ex

2、change opinion/ideas/views交流意见/想法/看法 We can exchange opinion/ideas/views with each other我们可以彼此交换意见。2. designer 词性：n 意思：设计者 design 词性: V 意思：设计by design(=on purpose)故意地design sth. for.为.设计某物be designed to do.旨在做.，用于做.The computer game is designed for game lovers, young ones in particular.这个电脑游戏是专为年轻的游

3、戏爱好者设计的。The experiment is designed to test the new drug. 这项实验是为了检验新药而设计的。3. response 词性： n 意思：回应；回复in response to . 作为对.的答复make a/no response to 对.做出/不做出答复respond v 回答，回应；做出反应；respond to sb/sth (with sth) 以.回应.4. anxious 词性adj 意思：焦虑的，不安的(1)be anxious to do sth 急于做某事be anxious about sth /for sb 为某事/人

4、担心(2)anxiety n 焦虑;担心 in/with anxiety 焦虑地;急切地(3)anxiously adv 焦虑地; 焦急地5. annoy 词性：v 意思：使恼怒，使生气(1)annoyed adj. 恼怒的；生气的 annoying adj. 令人恼怒的；令人生气的be annoyed with sb. 生某人的气be annoyed about/at sth. 因某事而恼怒/生气be annoyed that. . . 因而恼怒/生气Toms mother was annoyed with him for being so rude to their neighbors.汤

5、姆的妈妈因汤姆对邻居无礼感到生气。6. frightened adj 害怕的 frighten v. 使惊吓; 吓唬 frightening adj. 令人害怕的; (1)be frightened of sth. 害怕某事 be frightened to do sth. 不敢做某事The man standing there looks frightening, and the little boy is frightened.站在那里的那个人看起来很吓人，小男孩很害怕。7. senior adj 级别高的 n 较年长的人(1)be senior to sb. 级别高于某人；年长于某人be

6、 senior to sb. by. . . 年长某人岁Chelsea is senior to me, since she joined the company before me.因为切尔西比我先来公司，所以她的职位比我高。(2)junior adj. 地位(或职位、级别)低下的; n. 职位较低者, (体育运动中) 青少年 be junior to sb. 级别低于某人8. impress vt 使钦佩; 给留下深刻的好印象 vi留下印象; 引人注目(1)impress sb. with sth 使某人铭记某事 impress sth. on sb. 使某人铭记某事be impresse

7、d by/with对印象深刻(2)impression n. 印象leave/make a(n). . . impression on sb. 给某人留下一个的印象The boys good deeds made a good impression on the people present.这个男孩好的行为给在场的人留下了好印象。(3)impressive adj. 令人敬佩的; 令人赞叹的9. confident adj 自信的(1) be confident of/about/in (doing) sth. 对(做)某事有信心/有把握(2) be confident in sb. 信任某

8、人; 对某人有信心be confident that. . . 确信(3)confidence 词性：n 意思: 信心have confidence in信任/信赖; 对有信心full of confidence充满信心 with confidence 满怀信心地10. concentrate v 集中注意力，聚精会神(1)concentrate on集中精力于 concentrate ones attention on集中注意力于I couldnt concentrate on the experiment. 我无法集中精力做实验。(2)concentration n. 集中；专心 keep

9、 ones concentration (on)集中精力(于)11. curious 词性：adj 意思：好奇的 curiosity n 好奇 curiously adv 好奇地 be curious about 对.感到好奇 be curious to do sth 急于做/极想做某事 I am curious about everything. 我对一切事物都感到好奇Jane decided to follow him out of curiosity. 出于好奇简决定跟踪他。12. companyn. 公司; 商行; 陪伴in company with 与.一起 keep sb comp

10、any 陪伴某人person n 人 personal adj 个人的 personality n 性格nation n国家；民族；national adj 国家的；民族的nationality n 国籍；民族revise vt&vi 修改；复习 revision n 修改：复习organize vt&vi 组织；安排；组建 organization n 组织；团体机构 organizer n组织者explore v 探索 exploration n 探索 explorer n探险者Unit 1 Teenage Life1. prefer vt. 较喜欢更喜欢去做某事 prefer to do

11、/doing sth与B相比，更喜欢A prefer A to B与做B相比，更喜欢做 prefer doing A to doing B/ prefer to do A rather than do BEg:I would prefer reading books to watching TV.比起看电视我更喜欢读书。Eg:I would prefer to read books rather than watch TV.比起看电视我更喜欢读书。2. content n. 内容；目录；(书、讲话、节目等的)主题adj. 满意的对满意 be content with 愿意做某事 be cont

12、ent to do sth满足于 content oneself with Eg;Dont be content with such small success. 不要满意于小的成功The boy was content _to go swimming with his father。男孩愿意和父亲一起去游泳。3. suitable adj. 合适的适合 be suitable for 适合做某事 be suitable to do sthI want to buy some books that are suitable for children.我想买一些适合儿童(阅读)的书。4. rec

13、ommend v. 劝告，建议；推荐，介绍把某物推荐给某人 recommend sb. sth. /recommend sth to sb.建议做某事 recommend doing sth建议某人去做某事recommend sb to do sth 建议某人做某事 recommend that sb (should) do sth My adviser recommended that I should sign up for advanced literature because I like English and Im good at it. 我的指导老师建议我报名参加高级文学班，因为

14、我喜欢英语而且擅长它。Our teacher recommended reading the book before seeing the movie.我们的老师建议在看电影之前先读这本书。下面这些动词引导的宾语从句，后面的谓语动词用 shoulddo，是虚拟语气的一种，其中should可以省略。一个坚持insist两个命令order, command三个建议advise, suggest, recommend四个要求demand, require, request, ask5. advanced adj. 高级的，先进的 advance n前进，进展 v 前进提前 in advance 向前

15、进 advance towards/to先进的技术 advanced technologyBefore visiting him, I called him up in advance.在拜访他之前，我提前给他打电话quit v. 停止，戒掉； 离开(工作职位、学校等)停止做某事 quit doing sth 退学 quit school 离职 quit ones jobBecause I was unfit, I knew it was time to quit smoking因为我不是很健康，我知道是时候戒烟了。8. attract vt.吸引；引起的注意(兴趣)喜爱 be attract

16、ed to 被吸引 be attracted byIt is not unusual for teenagers of your generation to be attracted to computer games and the online world. (P18)你们这一代的青少年喜欢电脑游戏和网络世界，这没有什么不正常。addicted adj. 上瘾的，入迷的 addict n 对。入迷的人； 对上瘾，痴迷于 be addicted to (doing) sth My friend，Jack, has been addicted to smoking for many years

17、.我朋友，杰克，抽烟成瘾好多年了。沉溺于，醉心于某事/物 addict oneself to sth10. hand out 分发上交 hand in 移交 hand over 手拉手 hand in hand 帮某人一个忙 give sb a hand 另一方面 on the other hand11. get/be used to doing习惯于过去常常做 used to do 被用来做 get/be used to doI know Ill have to study harder as a senior high school student and get used to bein

18、g responsible for a lot more.我知道作为高中生我得更加努力地学习，并且习惯承担更多的责任。12. keep up with 跟上 keep up 维持，保持；沿袭(风俗、习惯等) Im a bit worried about keeping up with the other students in my advanced course, and itll be quite difficult to get used to all the homework.我有点担心在高级课程上无法跟上其他同学，而且要适应所有的作业也不容易13. try out for 参加选拔/

19、试演测试，试验 try out 试穿 try on 尽某人最大努力 try ones best14. focus on 集中；特别关注 concentrate on/ be absorbed in / be devoted toThe students are absorbed in doing their homework.学生们正在专心做作业。15. anxious adj. 焦虑的，忧虑的，渴望的渴望某物 be anxious for sth 渴望做某事 be anxious to do sthEg: He was anxious for success. 他渴望成功。16 respon

20、sible adj 负责任的 responsibility n 责任心be responsible for 对.负责16. confuse vt. 使糊涂 confusing adj. 难以理解的 confused adj. 糊涂的；迷惑的必修一Unit 2 Travelling Around重点单词、短语apply vi.& vt. 申请；请求vt.应用；涂申请某物apply for sthIm writing to apply for the position as a volunteer.我正在写一份志愿者的申请工作。把应用到apply sth to sthWe should apply

21、 our book knowledge to practice.我们应该把书本知识运用到实际里。2. amazing adj. 令人惊奇的；令人惊喜的对感到惊讶be amazed at The teacher was amazed at the performance of his students.这老师对学生的表现很吃惊。3.recognisevt.辨别出；承认，认可 公认为 It is recognised thatThenitisrecognisedthatbiggercompanieswillneedcloseroversight.其次，我们认识到，规模较大的公司需要更严格的监管。

22、4. contact vt.& n联络，联系；接触 与某人失去联系lose contact with sb 与某人保持联系keep in contact with sbThe Internet helps me keep in contact with my friends.互联网便于我与朋友们保持联系。5. credit n借款；(借钱偿还的)信用；称赞；学分赊购，贷款 on credit 信用卡 credit card 值得赞扬的是 to ones credit To her credit, she risked her own life to rescue the boy trapped

23、 in the earthquake.值得称赞的是，她冒着生命危险营救了被困在地震中的男孩。6. detail n细节；详情；细微之处详细 in detail 详细叙述，逐一说明 go into details Please tell me what happened in brief; dont go into details请简要地告诉我发生了什么事；不要谈细节8. sight n景象；视野；视力在视野之外 out of sight 看不见 lose sight of 看见 catch sight of 一看见 at the sight of9. comment n议论；评论vi.& vt

24、.发表意见；评论对作出评价 comment on/make comments on 10. get around 各处走动；(消息，谣言)传播，劝服，克服(困难)相处；进展get along/onLisa found it difficult to get along well with her foreign classmates.丽莎发现很难与她的外国同学相处融洽。使被理解 get sth across 开始做某事get down to (doing) sth 克服 get over 上/下车 get on/off 11. take control of 控制；接管He failed in

25、 his attempt to take control of the company.他试图控制公司的努力失败了。在掌控中 under control 12. other than 除之外而不是 rather than13 be made of 由制成 (看出原料的样子)The desk is made of wood.课桌由木头制成。由制成(看不出原料的样子) be made from The book is made from wood.这本书由木头制成。在地方制造的 be made inplace Huawei is made in China。编造(故事、谎言等)；化妆，上妆；形成，

26、构成；补上(失去的东西) make up我们班由60名学生组成，其中一个女生有一次在宿舍化妆，结果上课迟到了。当老师问她时，她编了一个理由。Sixty students make up our class, one girl of whom once made up in the dorm and was late for class.When asked by the teacher, she made up an excuse.14 . check in (在旅馆、机场等)登记，报到； 托运(行李)结账离开(旅馆等)；调查，核实；借出 check out15. be known as 被称

27、作；作为闻名因而出名 be known for 为某人所熟知 be known to sb She is known to people all over the world as a famous dancer全世界的人都知道她是一位著名的舞蹈家。16. lead sb to do 引导某人去做导致；(道路等)通向 lead toAll roads lead to Rome条条大路通罗马17. put up 修建，搭起；举起；住宿；张贴容忍，忍受 put up with 上演；穿上 put on 推迟 put off 提出 put forward 将收起来 put away 熄灭put ou

28、t 必修一Unit 3 Sports and Fitness重点单词、短语1. fitness n健康；健壮；适合be fit for适合；胜任be fit to do适合做keep/stay fit/ healthy保持健康To keep fit,we ought to learn more about our body.为了保持健康，我们应该多了解自己的身体。 2. honour n荣誉；尊敬 honored adj. 荣幸的 honorable adj. 值得尊敬的in honour of sb/in ones honour为向某人表示敬意，为纪念某人it is an honour (f

29、or sb)to do .(对某人来说)做是种荣幸Its an honour for me to work with you.和你工作是我的荣幸。honour sb with sth for sth 因某事授予某人某物be/feel honoured (to do sth) (因做某事而)感到荣幸3. determination n决心；决定determine v决定；下定决心determine to do sth/determine on/upon doing sth决定做某事He left his hometown and determined to live a meaningful l

30、ife.他离开家乡决定要过一种有意义的生活。determined adj.有决心的；坚定的4. injure vt.使受伤；损害injury n伤害；损伤 injured adj.受伤的；有伤的the injured伤员failure n失败I can accept failure and everyone fails at something. 我可以接受失败，每个人都会经受失败。fail vi.失败；不及格 fail to do sth未能做某事6. compete vi.竞争；对抗 competition n. 竞争 competitor n. 竞争者 competitive adj.竞

31、争的 7. compete for为而竞争The two teams will compete for the champion这两个队伍为冠军而竞争。compete in参加比赛 compete with/against sb同某人竞争8. pretend vi.& vt.假装；装扮pretend to do sth假装要做某事We must not pretend to know what we dont know. 我们不要不懂装懂。9. million num. 一百万millions of数百万 hundreds of数百 dozens of数十个10. diet n. 日常饮食vi

32、. 节食be on a diet/go on a diet控制饮食；节食a balanced diet均衡饮食 a healthy diet健康饮食重点短语1 come along 跟随；到达；进步；赶快；(和某人)一起来Come along or well be late.快跟上否则我们会迟到偶遇come acrosscome about发生come up with提出(计划、想法)；追上，赶上come up上来；(从土中)长出；(问题、建议等)被提出2. work out锻炼身体；做运动进展顺利计算；计算出解决；找到的答案3. make it获得成功能够出席/到场(后接宾语时需加介词to)

33、(尤指在困难情况下)准时到达(后接宾语时需加介词to,宾语通常是表示地点的名词) 幸免于难，渡过难关(后接宾语时需加介词through)4. up to由决定up to/until直到 be up to (doing)sth胜任(做)某事 up to多达It is up to sb to do sth干某事由某人决定It is up to you whether we accept the present.我们是否接受这个礼物取决于你5 set an example for/to为树立榜样Tom studied hard and set an example for his classmate

34、s.汤姆努力学习为同学们树立了一个好的榜样。give/take an example举例 take . for example以为例follow ones example仿效某人 for example例如6 fall apart 破裂；破碎；崩溃The team that Lang Ping had built was falling apart. 郎平建立的团队正在分崩离析。fall asleep入睡 fall behind落后fall ill/sick生病 fall in love with爱上7 lose heart丧失信心；泄气Losing two important players

35、 was a big challenge, but Lang Ping did not lose heart. 损失两员大将是一个巨大的挑战，但是郎平并没有气馁。lose ones heart to爱上 heart and soul全心全意地learn . by heart背诵；牢记 be lost in陷入； 全神贯注于，沉湎于break ones heart伤某人的心 lose weight减肥lose face丢脸 lose ones temper发脾气lose ones sight失明 lose ones way迷路put ones heart into对全力以赴；专心于8 give

36、up放弃Losing games taught him to practise harder and never give up.输掉比赛让他认识到要更加努力训练，并且永远也不要放弃。give away泄露(机密)；暴露；分发(奖品等)give back归还；送回；使恢复give in屈服，让步 give off发出(气体)；发散(光线)give out用完，耗尽；分发，公布9. make sense有道理；合乎情理；表述清楚10. even if/though 即使；虽然as if/though似乎，好像11. make a difference有影响；起(重要)作用make a diffe

37、rence to对有作用/有影响tell the difference between区别12. rather than 而不是rather than常用于连接平行结构，后面可以跟n. adj. V-ing V-edToday, many Chinese people are learning Western styles and theories rather than focusing on Chinese traditions.如今，许多中国人正在学习西方的方式和理论而不是聚焦在中国的传统上。13. cut . out停止做(或使用、食用)；剪下cut off切断 cut down砍倒；

38、削减，压缩，缩减cut in插入，插话 cut across穿过(某地)(尤指抄近路)14. add . to . 把加到上/里add up把加起来 add up to总共是，总计为 add to增加15. compare . with/to . 与比较 comparison n. 比较 compare A to B 把A比作BChildren are often compared to flowers.-*孩子们经常被比作花朵。compared with/to和相比(常作状语)Compared with your phone, mine is out of date. 和你的手机相比，我的是

39、过时的。compare A with B 把A和B作比较NowIthinknothingcancomparewithclassicmusic.现在我认为什么都无法与古典乐相比较。必修一Unit 4 Natural Disasters重点单词、短语1. rescue n& vt. 营救；救援把从营救出来 rescue. from. 营救某人come to ones rescue救援队 a rescue team 救援人员 rescue workers2. damage vt.损害；破坏 n. 损坏；损失损害；给带来毁坏 do/ cause damage to 毁坏名誉 damage one re

40、putation/ fame遭受严重损害 be badly damaged death n. 死；死亡 die v. 死亡 dead adj.死的，失去生命的； dying adj. 临死的；垂死的die out 灭绝，消失 die of/from 因而死；死于 be dying for . 极渴望4. affect vt. 影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动affection n. 喜爱；钟爱 affective adj.感情的；情感的be affected by 被影响；被打动She was deeply affected by the sad story.5. effectn效果；结果；影响

41、effective adj.有效的haveaneffecton对有影响= have an influence on 对有影响side effect 副作用 put/bring . into effect 是使生效，实施come into effect 开始实施，生效6. shock n. 震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt. (使)震惊shocking adj. 令人震惊的 主语为物 shocked adj. 感到震惊 主语为人或者使人的表情，声音in shock震惊；吃惊 to ones shock令某人震惊的是 be shocked at对震惊7. trap vt. 使落入险境；使陷入圈套 n

42、. 险境；陷阱被困在中；陷在中 be trapped in 诱骗某人干某事 trap sb into doing sth8. effort n. 努力；艰难的尝试；尽力make efforts/an effort to do sth尽力做某事spare no effort to do sth不遗余力地做某事9. suffer vt. 遭受；蒙受 vi. (因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦 v-ed suffered v-ing suffering suffer后常接抽象名词，如pain疼痛, loss损失, defeat失败, damage, punishment惩罚, poverty贫穷, hun

43、ger饥饿, hardship艰难等suffer from指遭受战争、自然灾害带来的苦难及患病或其他之苦，意为“苦于，患病，因而受sufferer n.受苦者，受难者 suffering n. U疼痛；折磨C 痛苦，苦恼10. supply n. 供应(量)；补给；pl.补给品 vt. 供应；供给in short supply 供应短缺supply and demand供求关系给某人提供某物provide sb with sth provide sth for sbsupply sb with sth supply sth to sb/offer sb sth offer sth to sb11. survive vi. 生存；存活 vt. 幸存；艰难度过survivor n. 幸存者 survival n. 幸存；残存物survive sth 幸免于；从中挺过来/活过来 survive on依靠生存下来12. power n. 电力供应；能量；力量；控制力 adj. powerful强大的；强有力的停电 power failure/ cut力所能及within ones control13. calm adj. 镇静的；沉着的 vt. 使平静；使镇静保持镇静 keep/stay/remain calm平静下来，镇静下来calm down14. sweep vt.& vi. 打扫