精读词汇再整理外语学习英语词汇_外语学习-英语词汇.pdf

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1、 1.happen to&occur to I happened to meet him on the sidewalk.我碰巧 在人行道上碰到他。Just then a bright idea occurred to me.正在那时候，我 想到 一个妙主意。2.Given prep.考虑到 Given his age,he did it quite well.考虑到他的年龄，他做得相当好。Given their inexperience,theyve done their best.考虑到他们缺乏经验，他们已经尽力了 3.for all=even though 尽管，虽然 4.as dive

2、rse as 多种多样;形形色色的 ;The program deals with subjects as diverse aspop music and Beijing Opera.节目涉及从流行音乐到京剧这样形形色色的题材。5.weigh in 加入比赛；参加辩论 He weighed in with his ideas.他提出了自己的观点介入争论。The chairman weighed in with a strong defence of company policy.主席发言有理有据地维护了公司的政策 6.prone to 有 倾向的 People are more prone t

3、o make mistakes when they are tired.人们疲劳时更容易出差错。This road is prone to accidents.这条路容易出事故。7.forbear 忍耐；克制 The wounded boy could not forbear to cry out.受伤的男孩忍不住哭了。It is often difficult to forbear from expressing ones opinion.克制自己不发表意见常常是很难的。8.reproach myself for Ving 责备；申斥 The manager reproached the n

4、ew salesgirl for her carelessness.经理斥责新来的女售货员工作上粗心大意 9.in that light 考虑到这一点；从角度 I have never looked upon the matter in that light.我从未用那种观点来看待这个问题 10.got around to Ving 抽出时间来做,After a long delay,he got around to writing the letter.在拖延了很久之后，他才有时间写那封信。11.penchant for 倾向于 She has a penchant for Indian f

5、ood.她爱吃印度食物。12.peculiar adj.独特的,特有的;特殊的;e.g.语言是人类所特有的。Language is peculiar to mankind.他有点古怪。There is something peculiar about him.identical adj.同一的,同样的 意见完全一致。The opinions are identical.我的意见和他的意见相同。My opinion is identical with his.13.consistent adj.一致的,调和的,坚固的 He is not consistent in his action.他的行动

6、前后不一致。你言行不一。What you say is not consistent with what you do 14.all too 实在太/很 very 15.alternatev.交替,轮流,改变 （常与 with 连用）（使）轮流 ;（与 between 连用）（使）交替 Night and day alternate.昼夜交替。alternated between hope and fear 处于希望与恐惧之中 他的生活似乎很枯燥,就是工作完了睡觉,睡完觉又工作。His life seems very dull and alternates between work and s

7、leep.16.given to 完全放纵（自己）；沉溺于 gave the day over to merrymaking.整天纵情于寻欢作乐 finally gave myself over to grief.最后让自己完全陷入痛苦中 succumb to 屈服于 succumb to temptation 抵制不住诱惑 17.harborv.窝藏；包庇；心怀，怀有 to harbor evil thoughts 心怀恶意 He harbours a wish to be a world championship.(喻)他内心怀有当一名世界冠军的愿望。18.down the road：in

8、 the future 19.restrainfrom 抑制,制止 He tried to restrain his surprise from being visible.他尽量不让自己的惊奇表露出来 当我听到人们残酷地对待动物时，我抑制不住愤怒。I cant restrain my anger when I hear of people being cruel to animals.1)persist in doing sth.坚持 2)insist on doing sth.坚持 20.accordv.1).一致,给与 We accorded him a hearty welcome.我

9、们给他热忱的欢迎。2).（常与 with 连用）一致；符合 His opinion accorded with mine.他的意见与我的一致。3).（常与 to 连用）根据 Most students study and rest according to schedules.大多数学生按照时间表作息。(2)concerning prep.关于 I spoke to him concerning his behavior.我和他谈了他的行为。Concerning your letter,I am pleased to inform you that you are to receive the

10、 order by the end of this week.关于你的来信,我乐意告诉你,你们将在本周末收到订货 21.generate vt.产生,创造;发生，产生（热、电）When coal burns,it generates heat.煤燃烧时，产生热量。generate a discussion 造成一场争论 22.constitute 构成：构成 部分或成分；组成 7 days constitute a week 七天构成一星期 23.adherence to adhere v.粘附于(to);坚持;遵守(to)依附(to)adhere to the original plan 坚

11、持原来的计划 她坚持自己的计划要早点动身。She adhered to her plan to leave early.assert vt.断言,声明;维护,坚持 他们已经尽力了尽管虽然多种多样形形色色的节目涉及从流行音乐到京剧这样形形色色的题材加入比赛参加辩论他提出了自己的观点介入争论主席发言有理有据地维护了公司的政策有倾向的这条路容易出事故忍耐克制人们疲劳时更经理斥责新来的售货员工作上粗心大意考虑到这一点从角度抽出时间来做在拖延了很久之后他才有时间写那封信倾向于她爱吃印度食物独特的特有的特殊的语言是人类所特有的他有点古怪意见完全一致我的意见和他的意见相同一致替昼夜交替处于希望与恐惧之中睡完

12、觉又工作他的生活似乎很枯燥就是工作完了睡觉完全放纵自己沉溺于整天纵情于寻欢作乐最后让自己完全陷入痛苦中屈服于抵制不住诱惑窝藏包庇心怀怀有心怀恶意喻他内心怀有当一名世界冠军 assert ones rights 维护自己的权利 assert sth.to be true 断言某事是真实的 assert national independence 维护民族独立 24.be content with 对.满足 He is content with such a small success 他对这样一个小小的成功就感到满足。I am well content to remain here.我很愿意留在

13、这里 25.assure vt.使确信,使放心，向 .保证;I can assure you of the reliability of the news.我可以向你保证这消息是可靠的。I assure you(that)theres no danger.我向你保证没有危险 26.at large （囚犯）在逃；逍遥法外；一般说来；The soldier reported that a prisoner was at large.士兵报告说一名囚犯在逃。Did the people at large approve of the governments policy?一般老百姓赞成政府的政策吗

14、？27 at odds with 与 不和，与 争吵 She is at odds with her boss.她与上司不和 这一行动与他以往的态度大相径庭 This action is greatly at odds with his previous attitude 28.ensure vt.保证;担保,保险（亦作 insure）We can ensure that the work shall be done in the right way.我们可以保证把工作做好。ensure success safety,supplies 保证成功/安全 ensure sb.against/fro

15、m danger 保护某人免受危险 A letter of introduction will ensure you an interview.凭一封介绍信准保会接待你。29.reduce to 减少到,缩小到 ;简化 reduce all the questions to one 把所有的问题归纳为一个 be reduced to a shadow 骨瘦如柴 be reduced to despair 陷入绝望 The poor woman is reduced to begging.那个可怜的女人已沦为乞丐 30.strike a chord with sb 引起共鸣 The speake

16、r have obviously strike a chord with his audience.那位演讲者显然打动了听众。The book struck a responsive chord with readers.该书引起了读者心灵的共鸣 31.nowhere near 差得远；远不及 The hall was nowhere near full.那大厅远未满座.她告诉你 的话绝非事实 .What she told you was nowhere near the truth 32.deem 以为；断定；视为；相信；主张 Dont you deem that it is your du

17、ty to help?你不认为助人是你的责任 吗?承蒙您的邀请 ,我觉得很荣幸.I deem it an honour to accept your invitation.33.home in on（靠信号、雷达等）导向目标追踪 The missile can home in on its target with pinpoint accuracy.导弹能非常准确地追击目标。34.of late 近来，最近 他们已经尽力了尽管虽然多种多样形形色色的节目涉及从流行音乐到京剧这样形形色色的题材加入比赛参加辩论他提出了自己的观点介入争论主席发言有理有据地维护了公司的政策有倾向的这条路容易出事故忍耐克

18、制人们疲劳时更经理斥责新来的售货员工作上粗心大意考虑到这一点从角度抽出时间来做在拖延了很久之后他才有时间写那封信倾向于她爱吃印度食物独特的特有的特殊的语言是人类所特有的他有点古怪意见完全一致我的意见和他的意见相同一致替昼夜交替处于希望与恐惧之中睡完觉又工作他的生活似乎很枯燥就是工作完了睡觉完全放纵自己沉溺于整天纵情于寻欢作乐最后让自己完全陷入痛苦中屈服于抵制不住诱惑窝藏包庇心怀怀有心怀恶意喻他内心怀有当一名世界冠军 lately recently He has often been late for school of late.The days have been getting colde

19、r of late.他近来经常迟到。最近天气越来越冷 35.obsessive adj.着迷的,困扰的,强迫性的 He is obsessive aboutwork and hates wasting money.他沉迷于工作 而且痛恨浪费金钱.Shes obsessive aboutpunctuality.她对守时十分固执 36.dedicated to 把(时间、力量等 )用在 .;题献 His whole life is dedicated to scientific research.他毕生致力于科学研究.His first book was dedicated to his moth

20、er.他的第一本书献给了他的母亲.我校致力于培养复合型人才。Our school is dedicated to fostering interdisciplinary talents.37.suspectvt.怀疑,猜疑,疑心 suspect him to be ill 猜想他病了 suspect sb.of a crime 怀疑某人犯罪 We suspect theyll be a little late.我们揣想他们会晚来一会儿。doubt vt.怀疑;不信;(后接名词从句时,疑问句和否定句用连词 that,肯定句一般 用连接词 whether,if,what,when 等,如肯定句用

21、that,往往表示非常怀疑)I doubt that he will come.我看他不见得会来。I doubt whether if he is at home.我看他不一定在家。I doubt what he said.我不相信他说的话。38.(1)constant 指“始终如一的 ”、“不变的”、“持续地发生 ”the constant beat of heart 有规律的心跳 (2)continuous 指“连续不断的 ”，如：a continuous voyage 连接不断的航行 (3)continual 指“一段时间内多次发生 ”、或“中断时间很短而又接连发生 ”，如：Contin

22、ual practice is necessary to master English.要掌握英语必须经常不断地练习。1)断断续续下了两天的雨。It has been raining continually for two days.(=frequently or closely repeated)2)连续不断地下了两天的雨。It has been raining continuously for two days.(=without interruption)3)The speech sounds of all languages are gradually but constantly c

23、hanging.各种语言的语音总在不断变迁.39.wear on （时间）慢慢过去 The hours wore on,the representatives became more anxious.几个小时过去了，代表们更加厌烦了。The boys quarrel wore on all the morning.男孩们吵了一个上午。Their endless speaking has beenwearing on my nerves all day.他们不停地说话，使我整天都很烦恼。（not）least of all 尤其是 least of all 最不，尤其不 No one is per

24、fect,Least of all me.他们已经尽力了尽管虽然多种多样形形色色的节目涉及从流行音乐到京剧这样形形色色的题材加入比赛参加辩论他提出了自己的观点介入争论主席发言有理有据地维护了公司的政策有倾向的这条路容易出事故忍耐克制人们疲劳时更经理斥责新来的售货员工作上粗心大意考虑到这一点从角度抽出时间来做在拖延了很久之后他才有时间写那封信倾向于她爱吃印度食物独特的特有的特殊的语言是人类所特有的他有点古怪意见完全一致我的意见和他的意见相同一致替昼夜交替处于希望与恐惧之中睡完觉又工作他的生活似乎很枯燥就是工作完了睡觉完全放纵自己沉溺于整天纵情于寻欢作乐最后让自己完全陷入痛苦中屈服于抵制不住诱惑窝

25、藏包庇心怀怀有心怀恶意喻他内心怀有当一名世界冠军 没有人是完美的，尤其是我。China now intends to restore the natural order,and does not need directions from others,least of all Japan.如今中国想要重建原本的国际秩序，但并不需要其它国家的指点，尤其是日本 40.contaminate vt.弄脏，污染;引申干扰 Dispose of that nulear waste properly or it will contaminate the groundwater.必须妥善处理那些核废料,不然

26、就会造成地下水污染 .苍蝇可污染食物。Flies contaminate food.41.endowvt.资助，捐赠；(with)给予，赋予 endow with 努力 She both built and endowed the hospital.她不仅建了医院还给医院捐赠资金。He is endowed with literary talent.他有文学天分。He endowed the hospital with a large fortune.他捐赠一笔巨款给这家医院 42.vulnerable to 易受 .的攻击 But modern humans were more vulner

27、able to the cold.但是现代人更容易受到寒冷的攻击。他是容易受到诱惑的 .He is vulnerable to temptation.43.make contact 引导成功 44.be bent upon sth/Ving 潜心于 He was fully bent upon the project.She was bent upon getting married before she was 30.45.disenchanted adj.不再抱幻想的，不再着迷的，感到幻灭的 46.out of place 不合适的,格格不入的 His arty clothes look

28、out of place in the office.in place 适当的；准备就绪 47.invent vt.发明，创造；捏造，虚构 Can you tell me who invented the telephone?你能告诉我是谁发明了电话？Modern biographers do not invent such stories.We must invent an excuse for our absence.编造一个借口 48.expelvt.驱逐,开除,排出 49.consist of 一星期由七天组成。A week consist of seven days.constitu

29、te 十二个月构成一年。Twelve months constitute one year.make up of 这个团体是由医生组成的 The group was made up of pose(1)表示“组成”，用被动语态 Water is composed of hydrogen and oxygen.由 组成。他们已经尽力了尽管虽然多种多样形形色色的节目涉及从流行音乐到京剧这样形形色色的题材加入比赛参加辩论他提出了自己的观点介入争论主席发言有理有据地维护了公司的政策有倾向的这条路容易出事故忍耐克制人们疲劳时更经理斥责新来的售货员工作上粗心大意考虑到这一点从角度抽出时间来做在拖延了很久之

30、后他才有时间写那封信倾向于她爱吃印度食物独特的特有的特殊的语言是人类所特有的他有点古怪意见完全一致我的意见和他的意见相同一致替昼夜交替处于希望与恐惧之中睡完觉又工作他的生活似乎很枯燥就是工作完了睡觉完全放纵自己沉溺于整天纵情于寻欢作乐最后让自己完全陷入痛苦中屈服于抵制不住诱惑窝藏包庇心怀怀有心怀恶意喻他内心怀有当一名世界冠军 compose(2)表示“构成”，用主动语态。Many components compose an electronic computer.许多个零件构成了一个电子计算机。50.lend itself to 有助于；适合于 lend to 导致 The passage i

31、s too difficult and doesn t lend itself to reading aloud.这音乐不适宜于跳舞 The music doesnt lend itself to dancing.51.prone to 倾向于.Some people are prone to jump to hasty conclusions.有些人往往作出轻率的结论。Hes probably prone to domestic violence.他也许有家庭暴力的倾向。52.liable,apt,likely,prone,subject，vulnerable liable：常接动词不定式或

32、介词 to;指易于产生某种不利的结果，侧重偶然性。apt：常接动词不定式;指自然的或习惯的倾向。likely：常接动词不定式;侧重可能性，用于指将来 prone：常接动词不定式或介词 to;多用于人，着重其本性，或倾向于某种错误、弱点或不良 行为等。subject：subject 与介词 to 连用，侧重于“容易遭受”某些不幸的事情。通常是总结出来的规律。Vulnerable 接介词 to;侧重指易受到伤害、危险或影响等。例句 Words with a similar form and a similar meaning are liable to be confused by the stu

33、dents.He is apt to fly in a rage.粗心的人容易犯错误。A careless man is apt to make mistakes.We are prone to think evil of people.对于我们不喜欢的人，我们往往不往他们好的方面想。Japan is subject to earthquakes.日本很容易遭受地震。53.stumble upon 偶然发现 Perhaps well stumble upon a mutually satisfactory solution for price later on.我在一家旧书店偶然找到这本珍贵的

34、书。I stumble upon the rare book in a second-hand bookstore.54.inclined adj.倾向于 .的 Louise is very musically inclined.Hes inclined to be lazy.He inclined towards the speaker to hear more clearly.As the twig is bent so the tree is inclined.从小偷针，长大偷金。55.distinction n.差别；区分；优秀 We should make a distinction

35、 between right and wrong.He passed the examination with distinction.他以优异成绩通过考试。同义词辨析 差别，区别 difference：普通用词 distinction：较正式用词，除指事物在本质上的差别外，还指在某一方面或某一细节上的区分，要在认真观察、研究后才易觉察。discrepancy：多用于言论和记述方面 discrimination：侧重指在判断、见识方面的差别，也可指待遇上的区别。他们已经尽力了尽管虽然多种多样形形色色的节目涉及从流行音乐到京剧这样形形色色的题材加入比赛参加辩论他提出了自己的观点介入争论主席发言有

36、理有据地维护了公司的政策有倾向的这条路容易出事故忍耐克制人们疲劳时更经理斥责新来的售货员工作上粗心大意考虑到这一点从角度抽出时间来做在拖延了很久之后他才有时间写那封信倾向于她爱吃印度食物独特的特有的特殊的语言是人类所特有的他有点古怪意见完全一致我的意见和他的意见相同一致替昼夜交替处于希望与恐惧之中睡完觉又工作他的生活似乎很枯燥就是工作完了睡觉完全放纵自己沉溺于整天纵情于寻欢作乐最后让自己完全陷入痛苦中屈服于抵制不住诱惑窝藏包庇心怀怀有心怀恶意喻他内心怀有当一名世界冠军 There is a nice _between the two words._ on the grounds of sex

37、or race is unlawful.There was a _ in the two reports of the accident.Shall we split the _ and say$750?56.vision n.视力,视觉,眼光,洞察力,想象力 It came within my range of vision.How do you cope with the problem of poor vision?We need someone with real vision to lead the party.我们需要具有真知灼见的人来领导这个党。57.sustainvt.支持,承

38、受,维持,认可；侧重指连续不断的支持 The court sustained his claim that the contract was illegal.Hope alone sustained him in his struggle.The foundations were not strong enough to sustain the weight of the house.这地基不够牢固，无法承受房屋的重量。The branches could hardly_ B _ the weight of the fruit.A retain B sustain C maintain D r

39、emain 词汇辨析（见补充 ppt）remain 不及物动词 留下、保留 retain 及物动词 留下、保留 sustain 支撑,常引申出维持生命、生活、发展 maintain 指维持或保持某种状态或水平 (一)remain 1.After his house was burned down in the big fire,very little of his properties remained.2.His condition remained the same.There has been no significant change ever since his admission.

40、(二)retain 3.Since the service is free,the SK communications do not retain financial information of its users in most cases.4.Short-term memories are retained only for a few minutes,not permanently stored in the brain.(三)sustain 1)Seeing the branches could hardly sustain the weight of the apples,the

41、old man found some poles with which to support them.2）She has many bills to pay.It is hard for her to sustain a decent lifestyle on her slim salary.3)He said that he was confident the company could sustain a relatively high growth rate of 8 percent.(四)maintain 4)It is essential that our hospitals an

42、d schools should be maintained constantly reliable electricity supplies.5)Wages and salaries can hardly be maintained at the present level on account of the increasing competition among firms for trained workers.58.assure使确信,使放心,保证 ensure担保,保证,使安全,确保 他们已经尽力了尽管虽然多种多样形形色色的节目涉及从流行音乐到京剧这样形形色色的题材加入比赛参加辩论

43、他提出了自己的观点介入争论主席发言有理有据地维护了公司的政策有倾向的这条路容易出事故忍耐克制人们疲劳时更经理斥责新来的售货员工作上粗心大意考虑到这一点从角度抽出时间来做在拖延了很久之后他才有时间写那封信倾向于她爱吃印度食物独特的特有的特殊的语言是人类所特有的他有点古怪意见完全一致我的意见和他的意见相同一致替昼夜交替处于希望与恐惧之中睡完觉又工作他的生活似乎很枯燥就是工作完了睡觉完全放纵自己沉溺于整天纵情于寻欢作乐最后让自己完全陷入痛苦中屈服于抵制不住诱惑窝藏包庇心怀怀有心怀恶意喻他内心怀有当一名世界冠军 insure 保险,确保 reassure 使 安心,再保证,重拾(信心等)assure

44、1.assure 用来表示向某人保证某事将要发生，既可以用来确证某事，也可以表示使某人 确信。assure的宾语通常是人或人称代词，所以不能直接搭用 that 。其常用结构为：assure sb of sth。He assured us of his ability to solve the problem We booked early to assure ourselves of（getting）good seats 2.assure 后还可跟抽象名词作宾语，此时与ensure 同义，表示确保。Weeks of practice assured ensured success in the

45、 match 几个星期的训练确保了在比赛中获得成功。Nothing can assure permanent peace 没有什么能确保永久和平。3.assure 在英国英语中作为专业术语，可表示投人寿保险。to insure assure against death投保寿险 life assurance insurance 人寿保险 ensure 1.ensure 的意思是使某行为或某件事的结果得以保证，即确保某事发生。ensure 后常用结构为：ensure sth ensure that en-sure obj（i）obj（d）To ensure the child s quick re

46、covery，thedoctor gave him an antibiotic Registration ensures delivery of mail insure Insure 意思是为防不测向保险公司付钱投保 My house is insured against fire 我的房子保了火险。His talent and dedication will insure his success.他的才气和执着将确保他成功。reassure reassure 表示安慰忧虑不安的人，使其安心，放心，恢复信心 reassure sb about sth ,常用结构为：reassure sb th

47、at-clause I was worried that my work wasn t good，enobutghthe teacher reassured me 我担心我的作业不够好，可是老师却让我放心。The captain reassured the passengers about the strength of the ship 59.justify 证明 有理；为 辩护；对 作出解释 Does the end always justify the means?目的正确就可以不择手段吗？He tried to justify his absence with lame excuses

48、.They found it hard to justify their sons lowering his colors.他们难以理解儿子竟然放弃了要求。词汇辨析 justify,testify,verify,certify justify 指“证明某事是有理的”。他们已经尽力了尽管虽然多种多样形形色色的节目涉及从流行音乐到京剧这样形形色色的题材加入比赛参加辩论他提出了自己的观点介入争论主席发言有理有据地维护了公司的政策有倾向的这条路容易出事故忍耐克制人们疲劳时更经理斥责新来的售货员工作上粗心大意考虑到这一点从角度抽出时间来做在拖延了很久之后他才有时间写那封信倾向于她爱吃印度食物独特的特有的

49、特殊的语言是人类所特有的他有点古怪意见完全一致我的意见和他的意见相同一致替昼夜交替处于希望与恐惧之中睡完觉又工作他的生活似乎很枯燥就是工作完了睡觉完全放纵自己沉溺于整天纵情于寻欢作乐最后让自己完全陷入痛苦中屈服于抵制不住诱惑窝藏包庇心怀怀有心怀恶意喻他内心怀有当一名世界冠军 testify 常与 to 连用指“表明”。(在法庭上)宣誓作证；表明 verify 指“(用事实 )证实或核实”。certify 指“证明，声称是真的”。He certified it was his wife s handwriting.他证明那是他妻子的手迹。He is the only person who can

50、 testify in this case,because the other witnesses were killed mysteriously.由于其他的证人已经被神秘地杀害，他成为这件案例中唯一可以作证的人。I verified the store s address by calling to check it.我打电话询问，以核实商店的地址。rectify v.改正，纠正；整顿。He rectified the mistake in the contract by changing its wording.他通过改变措辞纠正了合同里的错。他们已经尽力了尽管虽然多种多样形形色色的节目