英语短暂动词和延续性动词用法学习外语学习语法 _-初中教育.pdf

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1、学习必备 欢迎下载 英语延续性动词和短暂性动词的用法 你会翻译下面两个句子吗？1）这辆自行车我已经买了五年了。2）这位老人已经去世五年了。此时，有些同学就想当然的将之翻译为：1)I have bought this bike for five years.（此句突出“买”的动作。言下之意，到现在还没有买到。）2)The old man has died for five years.(此句突出“死”的动作，给人的感觉是“这位老人五年期间一直在死亡线上挣扎”。)造成这种错误的主要原因是学习者在运用动词的过程中，将瞬间动词与延续性动词混为一谈。英语中，动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程的长短，可

2、分为延续性动词和瞬间动词。那么，什么是瞬间动词呢？简而言之，瞬间动词也叫短暂性动词或终止性动词。这种动词是指它们动作的开始也就意味着动作的结束，所以不能直接跟表示一段的时间状语连用。如 open,close,finish,begin,come,go,arrive,reach,get to,leave,move,borrow,buy,die 等。延续性动词表示能够延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。如：learn,work,stand,lie,know,walk,keep,have,wait,watch,sing,read,sleep,live,stay等。延续性动词可以用于现在完成

3、时，其完成时态可与表示段时间的状语连用。延续性动词不能与表示短暂时间的点时间状语连用.It raind at eight yesterday morning.(误)rain 为延续性动词，而 at eight 表示点时间，前后显然矛盾。如果用延续性动词表示一瞬间的动作，可以借助 come,begin,get 等终止性动词来表示。上句可改为：It began to rain at eight yesterday morning.(正)那么，如何使瞬间动词与表示一段时间的状语连用呢？此时，我们可以将这些词转换成意义相近的延续性词（组），从而间接表示其中的意思。a)用延续性动词代替终止性动词 1、用

4、 have 代替 buy My brother has had(不能用 has bought)this bike for almost four years.2、用 keep 或 have 代替 borrow I have kept(不能用 have borrowed)the book for quite a few days.学习必备 欢迎下载 3、用 be 替代 become How long has your sister been a teacher?4、用 have a cold 代替 catch a cold Tom has had a cold since the day bef

5、ore yesterday.5、用 wear 代替 put on b)用“be形容词”代终止性动词 1、bemarried 代 marry 2、beill 代 fall(get)ill 3、bedead 代 die 4、beasleep 代 fall(get)asleep 5、beawake 代 wake/wake up 6、begone 代 lose,die,sell,leave 7、beopen 代 open 8、be closed 代 close/shut 9、bemissing(gone,lost)代 lose c)用“be副词”代终止性动词 1“beon”代 start,begin

6、2“beup”代 get up 3“beback(to)”代 return to,come back to,go back to 4“be here(there)”代 come(arrive,reach,get)here 或 go(arrive,reach,get)there 等等 d)用“be介词短语”代终止性动词 1.“be in/at+地点”代替 go to/come to 2.用 be in the army 代替 join the army 3.“be in/at+地点”代替 move to 延续性动词与不延续性动词 延续性动词与非延续性动词 动词按其动作发生的方式、发生过程的长短可

7、分为延续性动词与非延续性动词。一.延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,如：learn,work,stand,lie,know,walk,keep,have,wait,watch,sing,read,sleep,live,stay等。延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。表示时间段的短语有:for+一段时间,for 2 years;since 从句,since he came here;since+时间点名词,since last year,since 5 days ago;how long;for a long time等。例:He has lived here for 6 years.You ca

8、n keep the book for 5 days.I stayed there for 2 weeks last year.How long did you stay there last year?二.非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后位老人已经去世五年了此时有些同学就想当然的将之翻译为此句突出买的动作言下之意到现在还没有买到此句突出死的动作给人的感觉是这位老人五年期间一直在死亡线上挣扎造成这种错误的主要原因是学习者在运用动词的过程中动词那么什么是瞬间动词呢简而言之瞬间动词也叫短暂性动词终止性动词这种动词是指它们动作的开始也就意味着动作的结束所以不能

9、直接跟表示一段的时间状语连用如等延续性动词表示能够延续的动作这种动作可以延续下去产生时间的点时间状语连用误为延续性动词而表示点时间前后显然矛盾如果用延续性动词表示一瞬间的动作可以借助等终止性动词来表示上句可改为正那么如何使瞬间动词与表示一段时间的状语连用呢此时我们可以将这些词转换成意义学习必备 欢迎下载 立即结束。如:open,die,close,begin,finish,come,go,move,borrow,lend,buy等。非延续性动词在肯定句中与表示时间点的状语连用，如：two years ago;at 5 oclock;例:He died 5 years ago.否定的终止性动词可

10、以与表示时间段的时间状语连用。例:I havent left here for 3 years.I havent heard from him for 3 weeks.三.延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换：1.The old man died 4 years ago.-The old man has been dead for 4 years.-It is 4 years since the old man died.-Four years has passed since the old man died.2.He joined the Party 2 years ago.-He has

11、been in the Party for 2 years.3.I bought the book 5 days ago.-I have had the book for 5 days.一同意句替换（中考必考）短暂动词的一般过去式可以同意替换为延续性动词的现在完成时（for/since）1.borrow keep have kept He borrowed my CD yesterday.2.get to know know have known He got to know the truth two days ago.3.catch a cold have a cold have had

12、a cold He caught a cold the day before yesterday.4.buy have have had He bought this computer four years ago.5.die be dead have been dead He died in 1996.6.open be open have been open The shop opened half an hour ago.位老人已经去世五年了此时有些同学就想当然的将之翻译为此句突出买的动作言下之意到现在还没有买到此句突出死的动作给人的感觉是这位老人五年期间一直在死亡线上挣扎造成这种错误的

13、主要原因是学习者在运用动词的过程中动词那么什么是瞬间动词呢简而言之瞬间动词也叫短暂性动词终止性动词这种动词是指它们动作的开始也就意味着动作的结束所以不能直接跟表示一段的时间状语连用如等延续性动词表示能够延续的动作这种动作可以延续下去产生时间的点时间状语连用误为延续性动词而表示点时间前后显然矛盾如果用延续性动词表示一瞬间的动作可以借助等终止性动词来表示上句可改为正那么如何使瞬间动词与表示一段时间的状语连用呢此时我们可以将这些词转换成意义学习必备 欢迎下载 7.close be closed have been closed The factory closed last year.8.get m

14、arried be married have been married They get married when he graduated from university.9.fall ill be ill have been ill Last night,he fell ill suddenly.10.fall asleep be asleep have been asleep He fell asleep when he listened to the radio.11.leave sp.Be away from sp.Have been away from sp.He left the

15、 school after 18yesrs old.12.return be back have been back He returned to China after 7 years.13.go to bed be in bed have been in bed He didn t go to bed until his mother came e to the island be on the island have been on the island Thomas came to the island when he was a child.15.go to sp./come to

16、sp.Be in sp.Have been in sp.He went to Australia for further study last e here be here have been here He came here last summer.位老人已经去世五年了此时有些同学就想当然的将之翻译为此句突出买的动作言下之意到现在还没有买到此句突出死的动作给人的感觉是这位老人五年期间一直在死亡线上挣扎造成这种错误的主要原因是学习者在运用动词的过程中动词那么什么是瞬间动词呢简而言之瞬间动词也叫短暂性动词终止性动词这种动词是指它们动作的开始也就意味着动作的结束所以不能直接跟表示一段的时间状语连

17、用如等延续性动词表示能够延续的动作这种动作可以延续下去产生时间的点时间状语连用误为延续性动词而表示点时间前后显然矛盾如果用延续性动词表示一瞬间的动作可以借助等终止性动词来表示上句可改为正那么如何使瞬间动词与表示一段时间的状语连用呢此时我们可以将这些词转换成意义学习必备 欢迎下载 17.go there be there have been there He went there with his secretary ten days ago on business.18.go out be out have been out He went out when his neighbour cam

18、e to his house.19.get up be up have been up He got up immediately when he heard the bell ring 20.start/begin be on have been on The concert started 7minutes ago 21.finish/end be over have been over He finished all the schoolwork ten minutes ago.22.become be have been He become a basketball player wh

19、en he was a little child.23.join be a member of have been a member of Be in have been in He joined the communist part in 1998.二单项选择题 1.When he arrived at the bus stop,the bus _ for 20 minutes.A.has left B.had left C.has been away D.had been away 2.I _ the League for 5 years so far.A.joined B.have jo

20、ined C.have been in 3.The factory _ since the February of 1988.A.has been open B.has opened C.was open D.opened 4.Mary and Rose _friends since they met in 2000.A.have made B.have been C.made D.have become 5.You mustnt _ until he comes back.位老人已经去世五年了此时有些同学就想当然的将之翻译为此句突出买的动作言下之意到现在还没有买到此句突出死的动作给人的感觉是

21、这位老人五年期间一直在死亡线上挣扎造成这种错误的主要原因是学习者在运用动词的过程中动词那么什么是瞬间动词呢简而言之瞬间动词也叫短暂性动词终止性动词这种动词是指它们动作的开始也就意味着动作的结束所以不能直接跟表示一段的时间状语连用如等延续性动词表示能够延续的动作这种动作可以延续下去产生时间的点时间状语连用误为延续性动词而表示点时间前后显然矛盾如果用延续性动词表示一瞬间的动作可以借助等终止性动词来表示上句可改为正那么如何使瞬间动词与表示一段时间的状语连用呢此时我们可以将这些词转换成意义学习必备 欢迎下载 A.be away B.leave C.be left 6.The meeting _ for

22、 a week now.A.has finished B.has ended C.has been over 7.Miss Gao _ this school for nearly 5 years.A.has been in B.has come to C.has taught 8.Ben _ a teacher for 4 years.A.has been B.has become C.was D.became 9.I _ home for a week.A.have returned B.have been back C.returned 10.How long _ he _?A.died

23、 B.has,died C.has,been dead 11.He _ the car for a week.A.bought B.has bought C.has had 12.-How long _ you _ ill?-Two weeks.A.did fall B.have,fell C.have,been 13.Since 2000,he _ his hometown.A.has left B.has moved away C.has been away from 14.Ill lend you the book,but you can only _ it for 2 days.A.b

24、orrow B.keep C.take 15.The bus _ on the road for 2 hours so far.A.has stopped B.stopped C.has been 16.Are you _ the jacket these days?A.wearing B.putting on C.dressing D.on 17.He _ for 2 hours.A.got up B.has got up C.has been up 位老人已经去世五年了此时有些同学就想当然的将之翻译为此句突出买的动作言下之意到现在还没有买到此句突出死的动作给人的感觉是这位老人五年期间一直在死亡线上挣扎造成这种错误的主要原因是学习者在运用动词的过程中动词那么什么是瞬间动词呢简而言之瞬间动词也叫短暂性动词终止性动词这种动词是指它们动作的开始也就意味着动作的结束所以不能直接跟表示一段的时间状语连用如等延续性动词表示能够延续的动作这种动作可以延续下去产生时间的点时间状语连用误为延续性动词而表示点时间前后显然矛盾如果用延续性动词表示一瞬间的动作可以借助等终止性动词来表示上句可改为正那么如何使瞬间动词与表示一段时间的状语连用呢此时我们可以将这些词转换成意义