八年级英语语法复习资料外语学习语法 _外语学习-语法 .pdf

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1、八年级英语语法复习资料 行为动词的一般过去时 1过去式的构成：a.动词过去式的变化可速记为“直”、“去”、“双”、“改”四字诀。一般情况下在动词原形后直接加-ed.如：wanted，played.以不发音的字母 e 结尾的动词，去掉 e 再加-ed.如：hoped，lived.重读闭音节单词需双写最后一个辅音字母再加-ed.如：stopped，planned 以辅音字母+y 结尾的动词变 y 为 i，再加-ed.如：studied，worried.b.不规则动词变化，要逐一熟记。2实义动词过去式的句式。肯定式：主语+动词过去式+其它。如：They had a good time yesterd

2、ay.否定式：主语+did not（didn t）+动词原形+其它。如：They didn t watch TV last night.一般疑问句：Did+主语+动词原形+其它？肯定回答：Yes，主语+did.否定回答：No，主语+didn t.如：Did they have a meeting two days ago？Yes，they did./No，they didn t.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其它？如：What time did you finish your homework？3一般过去时的用法：a.主要用于过去某个时间发生的动作或状态。My father

3、worked in Shanghai last year.b.表示过去经常或反复发生的动作，常与 often，always等表示频度的时间状语连用。如：I often went to school on foot.c.与 when等连词引导的状语从句连用。如：When he got home，he had a short rest.4一般过去时的时间状语：a moment ago（刚才），yesterday morning，last night/week，the day before yesterday（前天），just now（刚才），in 2006,three days ago 等 用所给

4、动词的正确形式填空 1.I _(go)to school yesterday.2.She_(play)football last week.3.Look!Jack _(sing)now.4.You_(read)the new paper the day before yesterday.5.I _(see)Jack in the zoo last weekend.6.I _(do)my homework last night 7.She _(open)the mailbox the day after tomorrow.8.I _(help)the little baby drink the

5、milk the next morning.9.The farmers _(work)on the farm next week.10.My parents_(watch)TV last Monday.句型转换 1.I went to the party last Friday.（一般疑问句）_ you _ to the party last Friday?2.I had a nice time last Sunday.（同上）_ you _ nice time last Sunday?3.We went to London two years ago.（对划线提问）_ _ you_ to L

6、ondon?4.He did his homework in the morning.（否定句）He_ _ his homework in the morning.现在完成时考点分析 一、现在完成时的基本知识 （一）构成：现在完成时由“助动词 have/has+动词的过去分词”构成。Have 和 has 无词义，在人称代词后面 have 和 has 可分别缩写 ve 和 s。过去分词同过去式一样，一般在动词词动词词尾加 ed。不规则变化则要牢记在心。（二）用法：（1）表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常与 already(已经),ever(曾经),yet,just(刚刚),before

7、(以前)等词连用。如：We have already read the book (2)表示过去发生的动作持续到了现在，常与 for 或 since引导的时间状语连用。如：MrGreen has lived in Being for three years格林先生住在北京三年了。二、现在完成时的标志词 是否使用现在完成时不仅可以通过了解句子的汉语意思套用其基本用法，还可以通过观察时间标志词。和现在完成时态连用的时间状语主要有以下三种：1.句中出现 just，never，ever，already，yet等词时句子一般使用现在完成时。例如：I have already had my lunch.H

8、e hasnt found the answer to the question _.2.for 一段时间或 since 点时间或引导时间状语从句（一 般多为过去时）。例如：He has been a teacher _ 20 years.I have known him _ we were little-boys.3.so far(到目前为止)，in the past/last 表示一段时间的词语。例如：I havent seen him _.He hasnt talked with me _three days.(一)考查现在完成时的一般用法 ()1Kitty,will you go to

9、 see the film Cold Mountain this evening?No，I won tI_it already Asaw Bhave seen Csee Dwill see ()2Gone with the Wind is a wellknown novel She_ it twice Aread Bis reading Creads Dhas read ()3How long_ you_ here?For about two years so far A.have;studied B.did;live C.do;stay D.have changed （二）考查非延续性动词与

10、一段时间连用的表达方式 ()1 OhMrsking,your dress looks nice Is it new?No，I_ it since two years ago.Ahad Bhave had Cbought D have bought()2Jeff borrowed a history book from his friend He_it for a week Ahas borrowed B.has lent C.has kept D.lend()3.The students are sorry to hear that the famous singer_for half an

11、hour Ahas left Bhas gone C.has been away D.has gone away (三)考查havehas been to，havehas gone to与havehas been in的区别 ()1Wheres your father?He_ ShanghaiHe ll be back next week Ahas gone to Bhas been to Chave gone to Dhave been to()2Where is David?He_to England on business Ais going Bhas gone Chas been Dg

12、oes ()3._ you ever_ to the United States?-Yes,twice AHave;gone BHave;been CDo；go DWere;going (四)考查for与since接时间状语时的区别 ()1What a nice dog!How long have you had it?-_two years AFor BSince C.In()2Miss Gao has taught in this school_ 1993 A.for B.at C.in Dsince (五)考查现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 ()1-He has already gone

13、to England -When_ he_ there?Awill;go Bis;going Cdid;go Dhas;gone()2Have you read this book?yes,I_it two weeks ago.Aam reading Bhave read Cwill read Dread (六)现在完成时在特定语境下的使用 ()1Helen，I told you to do your home-work as carefully as you can?Yes，but I _ fewer mistakes than I usually do Awas making B have

14、 made Cwill make D had made()2Has the match started?Started?Finished！Guo Yue_ Ais winning Bwins Cwill win Dhas won()3.Xiao Wang_ English for thirteen years.So he can speak quite good English.A.had learned B.has learned C.will be learning D.learns()4.The film_for half an hour.A.has begun B.has been b

15、egun C.has been on D.began()5.You don t have to describe her.I_her several times.A.had met B.have met C.meet D.met()6.Miss Yang is not at home.She_to the school library.A.went B.has been C.goes D.has gone()7.He has never visited the Great Hall of the People._?A.hasn t he B.has he C.does he D.doesn t

16、 he 过去进行时的用法 概念表示在过去的某一时间正在进行的动作或存在的状态 1 was cooking at five yesterday afternoon 昨天下午五点钟我正在做饭。My mother was doing some housework at this time last week上周的这个时候我妈妈在做家务。判断依据 时间状语 at this time yesterday,at that time last week，at nine yesterday evening，from seven to ten last night等，when 或 while 引导时间状语从句的

17、主、从复合句。My sisters _ homework from seven to ten last night.昨晚七点到九点我的妹妹们在做她们的家庭作业。My father _ TV at nine yesterday evening.昨晚九点我父亲在看电视。I _ a newspaper when he came in 他进来时，我正在看报。While I_ home,I met Mr Green.我步行回家时遇到了格林先生.My father was reading a newspaper while my mother _.妈妈做饭时爸爸在看报。注：1.含 when 或 while

18、 的主、从复合句中一般过去时与过去进行时连用，一般过去时往往表示某一个时间点，过去进行时表示一个时间段，该时间点包含在该段时间内。2.while 引导时间状语从句的主、从复合句，两个过去进行时并用，表示动作同时发生，常表示对比。肯定式主语+was/were+v-ing+其它。过去进行时中与现在进 行时中的动词的 ing 形式构成方式相同，单数主语用 was+v-ing,复数主语和 you 用 were+v-ing。He _ when she arrived.她到达时他正在睡觉。We _ our clothes at nine oclock last Sunday morning.我们上星期天的

19、上午九点在洗衣服。否定式主语+was were not+v-ing+其它。He _ the violin at eight oclock yesterday evening 昨天晚上八点他不在练小提琴。They _ trees at nine yesterday morning.昨天早上九点他们不在植树。特殊疑问式 特殊疑问词+waswere+主语+v-ing+其它?What _ Peter _ at that time?那个时候彼特在于什么?Why _ you _ to that mall all the time while I was waiting here?我在这儿等时,为什么你一直

20、在与那个人讲话?一般疑问式及回答 WasWere+主语+v-ing+其它?肯定回答：Yes,主语+waswere否定回答：No,主语+waswere not _ he _ football when you rang me?No，he _(play)_ they _ on the playground when you left?Yes，they _(play)_ it _ when you went out of the cinema?Yes,it was 用所给动词的适当形式填空。1.You_(have)a meeting at 9 last Monday morning 2.They_(

21、play)football when I passed 3.She_(take)a walk when we had a talk 4._they _(try)to draw horses on the blackboard when the teacher came in?况下在动词原形后直接加如以不发音的字母结尾的动词去掉再加如重读闭音节单词需双写最后一个辅音字母再加如以辅音字母结尾的动词变为再加如不规则动词变化要逐一熟记实义动词过去式的句式肯定式主语动词过去式其它如否动词原形其它如一般过去时的用法主要用于过去某个时间发生的动作或状态表示过去经常或反复发生的动作常与等表示频度的时间状语连用

22、如与等连词引导的状语从句连用一般过去时的时间状语刚才前天刚才等如用所给动词的正确成时由助动词动词的过去分词构成和无词义在人称代词后面和可分别缩写和过去分词同过去式一样一般在动词词动词词尾加不规则变化则要牢记在心二用法表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果常与已经经刚刚以前等词连用5.The students _(1isten)to the teacher carefully while he was teaching。反意疑问句语法归纳 反意疑问句是由两部分组成的，前一部分是对事物的陈述（即陈述句），后一部分是简短的提问（即简短疑问句），中间用逗号隔开。如果前一部分用肯定句，后一部分就用否定

23、疑问句；如果前一部分用否定句，后一部分就用肯定疑问句。两部分的人称和时态要一致。其回答是用 yes 或 no 来表示。一、陈述句部分有 be动词、助动词、情态动词，反问句也用相应的 be动词、助动词、情态动词。例如:1.You are from America,_ you?2.Your parents aren t going to have a party.this Sunday,_ they?3.The girls were singing when the teacher came in,_ they?4You can speak French,_ you?5.Ann could swi

24、m when she was six,_ she?6.Mr.Smith _ visit our school next week,won t he?7You have been to Shanghai before,_ you?8.Jack _ done his homework,has he?二、陈述句部分谓语为行为动词时，反问句要根据动词时态用相应的助动词。一般现在时用do/does,一般过去时用 did 1.You often watch TV in the evening,_ you?2.The students _ study hard,do they?3.Mary studies

25、Chinese hard,_ she?4.The boy doesn t often go to school by bike,_ he?5.You watched TV last night,_ you?6.Jim s parents didn t go to Hong Kong last month,_ they?三、祈使句用于反意疑问句中 这种类型较特殊，前一部分是祈使句，后一部分是肯定疑问形式。句型 1:Let s+动词原形+其它，shall we?-Let s go for a walk,shall we?-Good idea!句型 2:其它形式的祈使句，_?Come into th

26、e classroom,will you?Please be careful,will you?Don t panic,will you?注意：There be句型 1.There is an old picture on the wall,_ there?2.There aren t any children in the room,_?3.There wasn t a telephone call for me,_?4There were enough people to pick apples,_?5There will be a basketball match tomorrow,_?

27、值得注意的是有时英语的谓语动词并不用否定式（即没加上 not），而是用上了“never,little,few,hardly,nothing,nobody”等词，这时该陈述句也属于否定句，因此，反意疑问句的后半部分应用肯定疑问式。You have never been to Beijing,have you?Mr.Fat has few friends here,does he?There is little milk in the bottle,_ there?He could do nothing,_ he?完成下列反意疑问句：1.Mary listened to pop music,_ _

28、?2.He has never been to Shanghai_ _?3.He has few friends at school,_ _?4.The music sounds beautiful,_ _?5.You can t dance to jazz,_ _?6.They weren t at the concert,_ _?7.Let s stop writing,_ _?8.Don t be late,_ _?动词不定式 动词不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式，没有人称和数的变化，不能单独作句子的谓语。其构成形式为to+动词原形，to 为动词不定式的符号，本身无意义。动词不定式具有两大特

29、点：1.具有动词的特点，因此，后面可以跟表语、宾语或状语，构成动词不定式短语。2.具有名词、形容词或副词的特点，可以在句子中用作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语、定语、表语及同位语等。一、动词不定式作主语 ()1.Its hard for us _English well.A.learn B.learns C.to learn D.learning ()2.Its very nice _ you to get me two tickets _ the World Cup.A.for，of B.of，for C.to，for D.of，to 简析动词不定式作主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词前面的主语位置

30、，也可以用先行词 it作形式主语，而将真正的主语(不定式)置于后面。常见的句式有：(1)It is+形容词(of sb)to do sth.(2)It is+名词(for sb)to do sth.(3)It takes sb some time to do sth.(4)It is+形容词(for sb)to do sth.句式(1)中常用 nice,kind，clever，good，right，wrong，foolish，careless等形容词，与介词of 搭配，这些形容词常表述不定式逻辑主语的属性或性质；句式(4)中常用 hard，difficult，easy，important 等形

31、容词，与介词 for 搭配，表示不定式表示的动作、行为的性质。二、动词不定式作宾语 ()1.He wants _ some vegetables.A.buy B.buying C.to buy D.buys()2.Dont forget _ your homework with you when you come to school.A.to bring B.bringing C.to take D.taking 况下在动词原形后直接加如以不发音的字母结尾的动词去掉再加如重读闭音节单词需双写最后一个辅音字母再加如以辅音字母结尾的动词变为再加如不规则动词变化要逐一熟记实义动词过去式的句式肯定式主

32、语动词过去式其它如否动词原形其它如一般过去时的用法主要用于过去某个时间发生的动作或状态表示过去经常或反复发生的动作常与等表示频度的时间状语连用如与等连词引导的状语从句连用一般过去时的时间状语刚才前天刚才等如用所给动词的正确成时由助动词动词的过去分词构成和无词义在人称代词后面和可分别缩写和过去分词同过去式一样一般在动词词动词词尾加不规则变化则要牢记在心二用法表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果常与已经经刚刚以前等词连用()3.He found it very difficult _.A.sleeping B.sleeps C.slept D.to fall asleep 简析在 want，l

33、ike，agree，hope，wish，learn，begin，start，decide，hate，choose，forget，remember 等动词后面，可以接不定式作宾语。如果其后接形容词补足语时，则可以用 it 作形式宾语，而把作真正宾语的不定式放到后面。三、动词不定式作宾语补足语 ()1.Robert often asks us _ his Chinese,so his Chinese is much better than before.A.help him B.to help him with C.to help with D.helps him with ()2.Mr Li o

34、ften teaches his Japanese friends _ Chinese food.A.cook B.cooks C.to cook D.cooked 简析 不定式可以用作宾语补足语。后面可以接不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：ask，teach，expect，tell，allow 等。四、动词不定式作状语 ()1.She went _ her teacher.A.to see B.looks C.saw D.seeing ()2.Meimei likes English very much.She does her best _ English well.A.learn B.lear

35、ning C.to learn D.learns 简析go，come，try，do/try ones best等动词或短语动词作谓语时，其后常常可以接不定式作目的状语。()3.Im sorry _ that.A.hears B.hearing C.hear D.to hear ()4.Im sorry _ you.A.trouble B.to trouble C.troubling D.troubled ()5.My mother was very glad _ her old friend.A.to meet B.meet C.met D.meets 简析be+形容词+to do sth 结

36、构中的不定式作状语，常表示原因或方式。五、动词不定式作定语 ()1.Would you like something _?A.drink B.drinking C.to drink D.drinks ()2.I have a lot of homework _.A.do B.doing C.did D.to do ()3.He is not an easy man _.A.get on B.to get on C.get on with D.to get on with 简析不定式作定语时，常放在被修饰的词语之后，与被修饰的词语为逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系；如果不定式的动词是不及物动词，其后要

37、加上必要的介词或副词，构成的短语动词相当于及物动词。六、不带 to 的动词不定式 ()1.We saw him _ the building and go upstairs.A.to enter B.enter C.entering D.entered ()2.So much work usually makes them _ very tired.A.to feel B.feels C.feeling D.feel ()3.Your father is sleeping.Youd better_.A.not wake up him B.not to wake up him C.not wak

38、e him up D.not to wake him up 简析1.在 see，watch，hear，feel 等感官动词和 make，have，let 等使役动词后面作宾语补足语的不定式不带 to.2.在had better后面接不带 to 的不定式。七、动词不定式的否定形式 ()1.The old man told the child _ noisy.A.not be B.not to be C.to not be D.be not ()2.There is going to _ an important meeting tomorrow.Please try _ late.A.have，

39、not to be B.have，not be C.be，not to be D.be，not be 简析动词不定式的否定形式通常是在不定式符号 to 的前面加上 not，如果是不带 to 的不定式就直接在动词原形前面加上 not.八、某些动词后面接不定式和接动词-ing形式的区别 ()1.Please stop _ a rest if you feel tired.A.to have B.having C.have D.has ()2.Why didnt you buy some bread on your way home?Sorry,I forgot _ some money with

40、me.A.take B.taking C.to take D.took ()3.Lets have a rest,shall we?Not now,I cant stop _ the letters.A.write B.to write C.writing D.and write 4.Jim was badly hurt,so he had to stop _(walk)双宾语用法要点 此结构由主语+及物谓语动词+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（事物）组成。如，He brings me cookies every day.She made me a beautiful dress.但若要先说出直接宾

41、语（事物），后说间接宾语（人），则要借助于介词 to 或 for,如，He brings cookies to me every day.She made a beautiful dress for me.用 to 侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。用 for 侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。常跟双宾语的动词有：（需借助 to 的）bring,give,lend,hand,offer,pass,pay,return,send,show,teach,等。（需借助 for 的）buy,call,cook,choose,draw,get,make,sing,等。况下在动词原形后直接加如以不发音的字母结尾的动词去掉再加如重读闭音节单词需双写最后一个辅音字母再加如以辅音字母结尾的动词变为再加如不规则动词变化要逐一熟记实义动词过去式的句式肯定式主语动词过去式其它如否动词原形其它如一般过去时的用法主要用于过去某个时间发生的动作或状态表示过去经常或反复发生的动作常与等表示频度的时间状语连用如与等连词引导的状语从句连用一般过去时的时间状语刚才前天刚才等如用所给动词的正确成时由助动词动词的过去分词构成和无词义在人称代词后面和可分别缩写和过去分词同过去式一样一般在动词词动词词尾加不规则变化则要牢记在心二用法表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果常与已经经刚刚以前等词连用