印度电力系统转型-133页-WN6.pdf

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1、TRANSFORMING THEINDIAN POWER SECTORNeed,Frameworks,and Regulatory ConsiderationsDistribution System Operators(DSOs):TRANSFORMING THEINDIAN POWER SECTORNeed,Frameworks,and Regulatory ConsiderationsDistribution System Operators(DSOs):2023Copyright InformationThis report has been prepared by IIT Delhi,

2、TERI,and IIT Kanpur.Information in this reportcan be used without obtaining the permission of authors;however,the material used from this report should be duly acknowledged by way of citing the name of the authors,report,and publishing year.DSO:Need,Frameworks and Regulatory ConsiderationsPARTNER IN

3、STITUTIONS AND AUTHORSUNDER THE AEGIS OF THE INDO-U.S.JOINT CLEAN ENERGY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTREAbhijit R AbhyankarAshok M JadhavShri Ram VaishyaAjay K SaxenaFalti TeotiaRobin MazumdarSuresh C SrivastavaAbheejeet MohapatraAnkush SharmaAnoop SinghMadhav SharmaPiyush Atul SharmaDSO:Need,Framew

4、orks and Regulatory ConsiderationsSupported By:Implemented By:1DSO:Need,Frameworks and Regulatory Considerations1DSO:Need,Frameworks and Regulatory Considerations1DSO:Need,Frameworks and Regulatory ConsiderationsDSO:Need,Frameworks and Regulatory ConsiderationsForewordACKNOWLEDGEMENTSDSO:Need,Framew

5、orks and Regulatory ConsiderationsThis report addresses the critical role of Distribution System Operators(DSOs)in transforming Indias power sector and a detailed roadmap for implementation.The report builds on research carried out as part of the“US-In-dia Collaborative for Smart Distribution System

6、 with Storage(UI-ASSIST)”project supported under the Joint Clean Energy Research and Development Centre initiative and jointly funded by the Department of Science&Technolo-gy(DST),Ministry of Science and Technology,Government of India and the U.S.Department of Energy.We would like to express our gra

7、titude to Dr.Srivari Chandrasekhar,Secretary,Department of Science and Technology,and Shri Alok Kumar,Secretary,Ministry of Power,for their support and encouragement.Special thanks to Shri S.K.Soonee,Advisor,POSOCO for providing critical inputs and insights bridging the policy and strategic requirem

8、ents for practical implementation and Shri Arun Kumar Mishra,ED(Grid Automation&Communication,ERP&IT and CISO)POWERGRID for sharing his insights&facilitating interactions with officials in the Government of India,and the members of the UI-ASSIST Project Monitoring Committee for their detailed feedba

9、ck and active participation in UI-ASSIST activities over the past 5 years.We would like to thank Dr.Akhilesh Gupta and Dr.Anita Gupta from the Department of Science and Technology(DST)and Dr.Nandini Kannan and Dr.Chaitali Bhattacharya from the Indo-U.S.Science and Technology Forum(IUSSTF)for their c

10、ontinued support of the UI-ASSIST project.Our thanks to Dr.J.B.V.Reddy,DST for his persever-ance and involvement right from its perception to completion.We also appreciate the support of our U.S.collabo-rators led by Professor Noel Schulz,Washington State University.The U.S.experts provided valuable

11、 insights on the state of DSOs in the United States.This report would not have been possible without the support of our collaborators,Ph.D.students,and technical experts who have provided valuable suggestions that have greatly improved the report.TABLE OF CONTENTSExecutive SummaryList of AcronymsLis

12、t of FiguresList of TablesList of Annexures478991.11.2 1.2.1 1.2.2 1.2.31.3 1.3.1 1.3.2 1.3.4 1.3.4 1.3.51.41.51010131314151717181819192022 Introduction Background Indian Power Distribution Sector at a Glance Operational and Technical Challenges Financial Issues Ongoing Distribution Sector ReformsDS

13、O Evolution:International Experiences Initiatives in United Kingdom(UK)Initiatives in Australia Inititiatives in California Initiatives in New York Initiatives in European Union(EU)Learnings from International Experiences Distribution System Operator:Whether a credible solution for the Indian Power

14、Sector?1.Active Distribution Network(ADN)and Pathway to DSO Introduction Transformation of a Conventional Distribution Network to ADN Proliferation of Active Elements in the Distribution Network Non-Discriminatory Open Access(NDOA)Issues in rapid Transformation of the Existing Distribution NetworkFu

15、nctions in DER Integrated ADNs Network Operation and Control Demand Management Volt-Var and Volt-War Control Fault/Disturbance Detection,Isolation and System Restoration System Coordination Resource Adequacy Integrated Network Planning Forecasting DER and Load Scheduling and Despatch Metering Billin

16、g and Collection Detection of Theft and Tempering Security System Security Cyber Security Market Facilitation Ancillary/Flexibility Services Demand Response and Flexibility Services Frequency Response Ancillary Services Non-Frequency Response Ancillary Services242424242626272828282829293030303131313

17、2323334353535352.12.2 2.2.1 2.2.2 2.2.32.3 2.3.1 2.3.1.1 2.3.1.2 2.3.1.3 2.3.2 2.3.3 2.3.4 2.3.5 2.3.6 2.3.7 2.3.8 2.3.9 2.3.10 2.3.10.1 2.3.10.2 2.3.11 2.3.12 2.3.12.1 2.3.12.2 2.3.12.3 2.1DSO:Need,Frameworks and Regulatory Considerations2.42.5 2.5.1 2.5.2 2.5.3 2.5.42.6 2.6.1 2.6.23.13.2 3.2.1 3.2

18、.2 3.2.3 3.2.43.3 3.3.1 3.3.23.44.14.2 4.2.1 4.2.24.34.4 4.4.1 4.4.2 4.4.3 4.4.44.54.65.15.2 5.2.1 5.2.2 5.2.3 5.2.4 5.2.5 5.2.6 5.2.735363638383939394042424444454546474748 5051515153 53 545658596162667071717373747475757576 Conformity to the Standards Related to Connectivity Advanced Distribution Ma

19、nagement System(ADMS)for ADN ICT Architecture Advanced Metering Infrastructure(AMI)Data Privacy ADMS Algorithms Envisioning DSO in the Indian Context DSO Definitions Early Discussions/Developments of DSO in the Indian PerspectiveInstitutional Framework of DSOs in India:Possible Alternatives Introduc

20、tion Alternatives for Creating DSOs Repackaging of Existing and New Entities(Option A)Sub-SLDC(ALDC)to DSO Transition(Option B)DISCOMS to DSO Transition(Option C)A separate Non-profit Entity(Option D)Comparison of Possible DSO Alternatives in the Indian Context Case 1(Without wire and supply separat

21、ion)Case 2(After wire and supply separation)Commentary on Selection of AlternativesElectricity Commodity Trading Opportunities under DSO set-up Introduction International Experiences Drivers for the Electricity Market at Local Level across the Globe Current Status of the Local Level Electricity Mark

22、et across the Globe Role of the Local Level Electricity Market in the Indian Power System Proposals for Enabling Local Level Electricity Market in India Scheduling and Despatch Flexibility(Imbalance management,ancillary services,and congestion Settlement TSO-DSO Coordination Implementation of Local

23、Level Electricity Market in Indian Power Impacts of Market Model AdoptionLegal and Regulatory Landscape and Considerations Legal/Legislative Provisions Policy Landscape and Initiatives National Electricity Policy Draft National Electricity Policy,2021 Integrated Power Development Scheme Promotion of

24、 development of Electric Vehicles Policies to promote development of Renewable Energy Sources Draft Indian Electricity Grid Code(IEGC)2022 Draft Electricity(Amendment)Bill,2022management)System 3.4.5.2DSO:Need,Frameworks and Regulatory Considerations 108110111112113116939496981041075.3 5.3.1 5.3.2 5

25、.3.3 5.3.4 5.3.5 5.3.6 5.3.7 5.3.8 5.3.9 5.3.10 5.3.115.4 5.4.1 5.4.2 5.4.35.56.1 6.1.1 6.1.2 6.1.3 6.1.4 6.1.56.26.36.46.56.66.7Annexure 1Annexure 2Annexure 3Annexure 4Annexure 5References76797980818282838485858587888989899190909091919192 Regulatory Perspective State Grid Code Distribution Code Sup

26、ply Code and related Matters Smart Grid Regulations Grid Interactive Solar PV System Restoration Demand Side Management Regulations Standard of Performance for Distribution Licensee Regulations Forecasting,Scheduling,Deviation Settlement and related matters of Solar Micro-Grid Renewable Energy Gener

27、ation and Supply Regulations Power Quality Regulations Considerations Institutional Framework for System Operation at the State/DISCOM level Distribution System Operation under Distribution Licensee Distribution System Operation under Sub-SLDC Distribution System Operation through Statutory Provisio

28、n Way ForwardRecommendations Technical Recommendations ADMS Architecture Information and Communication Technology(ICT)Advance Metering Infrastructure Cyber Security Power Quality Regulatory Recommendations Institutional Recommendations Human Resource and Skill Requirement Cost-Benefit Analysis Imple

29、mentation Plan Conclusions and Way Forwardand Wind Generation Sources Regulations6.3DSO:Need,Frameworks and Regulatory ConsiderationsEXECUTIVE SUMMARYAddress the challenges arising in the operation of active distribution systems and effectively service the consumers.Efficiently utilize flexibility a

30、vailable in the distribu-tion system and behind the meter.Ensure synergistic interaction with Transmission System Operator.Take optimal network investment decisions.Enable use of data analytics for improved system operation.Indias draft National Electricity Policy 2021(NEP 2021)proposed introduction

31、 of an independent entity called the DSO for performing real-time operation of the distri-bution system and ensure security and reliability of supply to consumers as well as security of the grid.The introduction of a DSO-like entity will ensure reliable and quality supply to end consumers and be ins

32、trumental in bringing much-needed decarbonisation of power sector and contributing to power system flexibility to achieve Indias ambitious renewable energy targets.India being a geographically diverse and large country,area-specific needs would primarily drive the evolution of DSO models.As one of t

33、he fastest-growing economies in the world,India has set ambitious clean energy targets embracing sustainable alternatives to fulfil its energy requirements.The Panchamrit plan unveiled at COP26 calls for India to increase non-fossil energy capacity to 500 GW by 2030,meet 50 percent of its energy req

34、uirements from renewable energy by 2030,and achieve the Net Zero emissions target by 2070.This call to action will transform Indias power sector,accelerating the pace of reforms and adoption of new technologies and systems.The share of renewables in Indias overall electricity generation mix has show

35、n a substantial increase in the last few years.Distributed Energy Resources(DERs)have emerged as significant drivers of local sustainability because of their proximity to load centers,and play a pivotal role in achieving the Net Zero target while ensuring adequacy,reliability,and quality of supply e

36、ven in remote areas.DERs can include rooftop Solar PV units,wind farms,combined heat and power plants,Battery Energy Storage Systems(BESS),small natural gas-fuelled generators,and Electric Vehicles(EVs).The Government of India has announced new policies and incentives to boost the installation of So

37、lar PV units and increase the penetration of hybrid and electric vehicles.The increasing installation of DERs in the distribution network,emergence of prosumers,and the availability of granular,real-time data are driving reforms in the power sector across the world.The traditional power grid is also

38、 transitioning to one that incorporates automation,information management,control and communication technologies allowing two-way information and data flow from utility companies and consumers.Indias Distribution Companies(DISCOMs)must adapt to this changing landscape and implement much-needed refor

39、ms embracing new technologies and business models to ensure reliable and efficient network operation.Strengthening or revamping existing entities and,in some cases,adding new players and regulatory approvals are critical to rolling out much-needed reforms.Many countries including the EU,Australia,US

40、A,and Japan have embraced the notion of a Distri-bution System Operator(DSO),an entity that is responsible for the Development,Planning,and Oper-ation of a DER-integrated Active Distribution Network in a Reliable,Secure,and Efficient manner.Countries are at different stages of development in the imp

41、lementation of DSO in their power distribu-tion networks with DSO functions driven by the unique needs of each country/region and prevailing market structure.In the Indian context,a DSO-like entity in the Indian context can provide the following critical functions:DSO:Need,Frameworks and Regulatory

42、Considerations4Providing market avenues for trading electricity commodities of DERs would in turn require system operator or any DSO-like entity to be ideally neutral and independent.While it is clear that many existing DISCOMs with their legacy practices will find it difficult,if not impossible,to

43、cater to the needs of emerging active distribution networks,others may be able to transition to DSOs in the future with the help of appropriate structural change and regulatory support.With the diversity of DISCOMs in terms of consumer mix and behaviour,DER penetra-tion and potential,and operations

44、and fiscal condi-tions,the definition or functionality of a DSO would be different in different regions.Building Blocks for DSO ImplementationTechnical RecommendationsState-of-art Supervisory Control and Data Acquisi-tion(SCADA)system and software for data acquisi-tion,monitoring,supervision,and con

45、trol.Two-way strong and redundant communication network between the SCADA system and intelli-gent devices,such as Intelligent Electronics Devic-es(IEDs),Phasor Measurement Units(PMUs),and Internet of Things(IoT)devices for addressing real-time visualization,monitoring,and control of the power system

46、 network at control centre.Information and Communication Technology(ICT)should be a full-fledged functional vertical and future technology ready.Advanced Metering Infrastructure(AMI)should enable easy sharing of data/information over multiple protocols with different applicationsMulti-layered approa

47、ch should incorporate cyber security and system theoryAdvanced Distribution Management System(ADMS)should be flexible and based on a plug and play architectureInstitutional FrameworkConsidering the prevailing structure of the Indian power sector and relevant learning from interna-tional practices,th

48、e following four alternatives of institutional frameworks are proposed:Due to the diversity in generation and load patterns,ownership and operation models of DISCOMs,consumer mix,and state-specific regula-tions,different states will have different consider-ations for adopting any of the four suggest

49、ed alternatives.While selecting a suitable DSO option,each state electricity regulatory commis-sion will have to consider the current and anticipat-ed electricity scenario in their respective State,especially the issues and challenges likely to be faced with large-scale penetration of DERs.The preva

50、iling power system structure in a state will also serve as the main criteria for adopting a suitable DSO model.Separate Non-profit EntitySub-State Load Despatch Centre(SLDC)/Area Load Despatch Centre(ALDC)to DSO TransitionDISCOM to DSO Transition.Repackaging of Existing and New EntitiesThe Current S