联合国贸易发展委员会-促进对可持续发展目标的投资（英）-2023-WN6.pdf

《联合国贸易发展委员会-促进对可持续发展目标的投资（英）-2023-WN6.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《联合国贸易发展委员会-促进对可持续发展目标的投资（英）-2023-WN6.pdf（60页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、UNCTADUNITED NATIONSFACILITATING INVESTMENT IN THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALSU N I T ED N AT I O N S CO N FE R EN C E O N T R A D E A N D D EV E L O PM EN TInvestment Advisory SeriesSeries A,number 10FACILITATING INVESTMENT IN THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALSU N I T ED N AT I O N S CO N FE R EN

2、C E O N T R A D E A N D D EV E L O PM EN TInvestment Advisory SeriesSeries A,number 10GENEVA,2023FACILITATING INVESTMENT IN THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALSInvestment Advisory Series-Series A,number 10ii 2023,United NationsThis work is available through open access,by complying with the Creative Co

3、mmons licence created for intergovernmental organizations,at http:/creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/.The findings,interpretations and conclusions expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the United Nations or its officials or Member States.The desi

4、gnations employed and the presentation of material on any map in this work do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country,territory,city or area or of its authorities,or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers o

5、r boundaries.Photocopies and reproductions of excerpts are allowed with proper credits.This publication has been edited externally.United Nations publication issued by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development.UNCTAD/DIAE/PCB/2022/3ISSN 978-92-1-604005-5United Nations publicationiiiFaci

6、litating Investment in the Sustainable Development GoalsNoteAs the focal point in the United Nations system for investment,and building on decades of experience in this area,UNCTAD,through its Division on Investment and Enterprise(DIAE),promotes understanding of key issues related to foreign direct

7、investment(FDI)and enterprise development.DIAE also assists developing countries in enhancing their productive capacities and international competitiveness through the integrated treatment of investment and enterprise development.Material in this publication may be freely quoted or reprinted,but ack

8、nowledgement is requested,together with a copy of the publication containing the quotation or reprint to be sent to:Chief,Investment Promotion SectionDivision on Investment and Enterprise United Nations Conference on Trade and DevelopmentPalais des Nations,Room E-10080CH-1211 Geneva 10,SwitzerlandE-

9、mail:ipsunctad.orgPublications are available on the websites https:/www.unctad.org and http:/www.sustainablefdi.org.vFacilitating Investment in the Sustainable Development GoalsPrefaceThe Investment Advisory Series provides practical advice and case studies of best policy practice for attracting FDI

10、 that contributes to sustainable development.The series draws on the experiences gained in,and lessons learned through,UNCTAD capacity-and institution-building work in developing countries and countries with economies in transition.Series A deals with issues related to investment promotion and facil

11、itation,and to the work of investment promotion agencies(IPAs)and other institutions that promote FDI and provide information and services to investors.The publications are intended to be pragmatic,with a“how-to”focus,and include guides and handbooks.The prime target audience for Series A is practit

12、ioners in the field of investment promotion and facilitation,mainly in IPAs.Series B focuses on case studies of best practices in policy and strategic matters related to FDI and development arising from existing and emerging challenges.The primary target audience for Series B is policymakers in the

13、field of investment.Other target audiences include civil society,the private sector and international organizations.The Investment Advisory Series is prepared by a group of UNCTAD staff members and consultants under the guidance of James Zhan.The present guide was prepared by a team led by Paul Wess

14、endorp and comprising Stephania Bonilla-Feret and Carlos Griffin.The guide benefited from comments and contributions from Richard Bolwijn,Bruno Casella,Chantal Dupasquier,Maha El Masri,Natalia Guerra,Massimo Meloni,Ian Richards and Amelia Santos-Paulino.It was prepared for desktop publishing by Ana

15、Beatriz Dominguez Organero and edited by John Rogers.The publication benefited from experiences gained under a United Nations Development Account project.viiFacilitating Investment in the Sustainable Development GoalsContentsIntroduction .1The need for investment in the SDGs.1The role of investment

16、facilitation and investment promotion agencies .2Aim of this guide .3Structure of this guide.4Chapter 1.A whole-of-government approach to SDG investment facilitation.51.1.Putting SDG investment high on the policy agenda.51.2 Mapping key government actors in charge of investment facilitation.91.3 Ens

17、uring strong coordination for a government-wide strategy.13Chapter 2.Steps in facilitating SDG-oriented investment .172.1 Develop an SDG project pipeline.192.2 Find and secure partners.222.3 Facilitate and provide aftercare.272.4 Give stakeholders feedback.30Chapter 3.Digitalization of investment fa

18、cilitation .333.1 Pursuing a progressive approach to digitalization.333.2 Digital tools used across an IPAs operations.363.3 Strategically leveraging digitalization for SDG impact.44Bibliography.46Investment Advisory Series-Series A,number 10viiiBoxesBox 1.Background to UNCTADs Global Action Menu fo

19、r Investment Facilitation.6Box 2.The Global Alliance of Special Economic Zones.10Box 3.Malaysia A national approach towards elevated economic,social and governance(ESG)focus on the SDGs.14Box 4.The Namibian IPA and a government-wide approach to promote investment in green hydrogen.15Box 5.Brazil-Nat

20、ional strategy to facilitate investment in sectors that contribute to food security.16Box 6.Examples of IPAs setting SDG-related objectives and targets.21Box 7.Working with stakeholders to facilitate investment in SDG 2 on zero hunger and food security.23Box 8.Examples of IPAs engaging in partnershi

21、ps to strengthen the enabling ecosystem for SDG investment.28Box 9.Examples of IPAs supporting investors to improve their SDG impact.30Box 10.Costa Ricas IPA reporting on priority SDGs.32Box 11.UNCTAD proposes 4 steps for IPAs to adopt a strategic approach to digitalization.35Box 12.Investment promo

22、tion agencies facilitating SDG-sector investment information online.38Box 13.Investment promotion agencies working with development partners to create online investment opportunity maps and portals.39Box 14.Examples of IPAs using digital tools to facilitate the site selection process.40Box 15.Exampl

23、es of investment facilitation digital tools developed by UNCTAD for developing countries.41Box 16.Examples of digital platforms to facilitate investment partnerships.42Box 17.Examples of digital tools used by IPAs to improve online feedback mechanisms to contribute to policy advocacy.43ixFacilitatin

24、g Investment in the Sustainable Development GoalsTablesTable 1.SDG-relevant sectors for investment.7Table 2.Examples of OIAs focused on SDG-related sectors.25Table 3.Types of digital tools used by IPAs.36Figures Figure 1.Key government actors involved in SDG investment facilitation.12Figure 2.The SD

25、G investment promotion cycle with typical investment facilitation activities.17Figure 3.Proactive steps in SDG investment facilitation.18Investment Advisory Series-Series A,number 10 xAbbreviationsACPAfrican,Caribbean and Pacific StatesAPEXBrazilian Trade and Investment Promotion AgencyCINDECosta Ri

26、can Investment Promotion Agency CRMcustomer relationship managementDIAEDivision on Investment and Enterprise(UNCTAD)ESGenvironmental,social and governanceFDIforeign direct investmentGASEZGlobal Alliance of Special Economic ZonesIDAIndustrial Development Agency(Ireland)IPAinvestment promotion agencyL

27、NDCLesotho National Development CorporationMIDAMalaysian Investment Development AuthorityMIGAMultilateral Investment Guarantee Agency MNEmultinational enterpriseMSMEmicro-,small and medium-sized enterpriseNCIMalaysia National Committee on InvestmentNGOnon-governmental organizationNIPDBNamibia Invest

28、ment Promotion and Development BoardOIAoutward investment agencyPPPpublicprivate partnershipSDGSustainable Development GoalSEZspecial economic zoneSMEsmall and medium-sized enterprise UNCTADUnited Nations Conference on Trade and DevelopmentUNIDOUnited Nations Industrial Development Organization UNDP

29、United Nations Development ProgrammeWAIPAWorld Association of Investment Promotion AgenciesWTOWorld Trade Organization xiFacilitating Investment in the Sustainable Development GoalsExecutive SummaryInvestment facilitation is a key tool for governments to attract and secure investment and to encourag

30、e investors to expand their projects.It is particularly important for Sustainable Development Goal(SDG)-related investment,which often requires more proactive and more tailored services for investors than traditional investment.It calls for a“whole-of-government”approach in which different governmen

31、t entities work together to assist investors through the investment process.For IPAs,as facilitators of foreign investment,the focus on SDG-related investment requires a change in operations.This starts with the development of SDG project pipelines and continues with the facilitation of these projec

32、ts to maximize SDG impact.Policy advocacy should be informed by these services and report on lessons learned from facilitating investment towards the SDGs.This can help IPAs in their efforts to improve the enabling environment for SDG-related investment.To develop SDG project opportunities,but also

33、to help SDG investors in the establishment and operation of projects,IPAs need to expand their network of stakeholders within and outside of government.New partnerships should be created with local governments and with ministries dealing with SDG-related investment opportunities,including projects i

34、n health,education and the environment.IPAs also need to reach out to non-traditional investors that could provide financial or technical support to projects,such as development banks,institutional investors,and non-governmental organizations(NGOs).To stay competitive in a digitalized economy,IPAs n

35、eed to conduct many of their promotional activities online and offer facilitation services through digital platforms and tools.New programmes and instruments are available that can support IPAs in conducting their functions more effectively.The digitalization of investment promotion has the potentia

36、l to strengthen the SDG impact of an agencys investment facilitation services,but it is not automatic.IPAs should ensure that SDG information is integrated across their digital tools and systems related to investment.This can allow agencies to track the SDG impact and adjust policies and practices i

37、f pursued objectives are not being met.Investment Advisory Series-Series A,number 10 xiiInvestment promotion and facilitationInvestment promotion and investment facilitation are distinct activities,but they are closely linked.Investment facilitation is generally concerned with information provision,

38、transparency of rules and regulations,and the streamlining of administrative procedures for investors.As such,investment facilitation is usually considered less suitable for investment attraction,including SDG-related investment,which can involve investor targeting and selective incentives.However,m

39、any typical activities of IPAs fall in between promotion and facilitation,and both areas need to connect seamlessly for effective SDG investment project development.This publication considers an expanded scope of investment facilitation and should be read in conjunction with the Investment Advisory

40、Series number 8,Promoting Investment in the Sustainable Development Goals(UNCTAD,2018).1Facilitating Investment in the Sustainable Development GoalsIntroductionThe need for investment in the SDGs The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development(2030 Agenda),adopted by all United Nations Member States in

41、2015,provides a“shared blueprint for peace and prosperity for people and the planet”.Its success will be measured against the 17 SDGs and their related targets and indicators.At the time of their formulation,UNCTAD identified 10 SDG-relevant sectors for which investment gaps were estimated,adding up

42、 to a total of$2.5 trillion annually for developing countries alone(UNCTAD,2014).It is estimated that the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has increased this gap to$4.2 trillion per year for developing countries due to COVID-19-related emergency and response spending and a drop in FDI,portfolio inves

43、tment and remittances(Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development,2021).The progress made on the achievement of the SDGs has been threatened and in some areas reversed by the multiple and interlinked crises that have marked the beginning of the“decade of action”(20202030)to implement the

44、2030 Agenda.The pandemic,the accelerating and ongoing effects of climate change,and the war in Ukraine have had devastating effects across many SDGs.Countries around the world are facing a triple food,fuel and finance crisis and,as a consequence,are struggling to deal with short term pressures,let a

45、lone their long-term SDG aspirations.These factors contribute to a highly uncertain global investment landscape and persistent SDG investment needs,particularly in the poorest countries.At the same time,and partly as a response to the multiple global shocks,sustainability is high on the agenda of bo

46、th governments and investors as they try to move on from the pandemic while dealing with inflation,supply chain disruptions,the impact of war and the escalating impacts of climate change.Many of the investment priorities of governments across the world are aligned with SDG investment needs including

47、 social and physical infrastructure,food security,the digital economy and the energy transition.Sustainability is increasingly also a key strategy for private firms including the largest multinational enterprises(MNEs)to enhance the resilience of their global supply chains.Business opportunities in

48、SDG-related digital markets have emerged from the pandemic,including in Investment Advisory Series-Series A,number 102health(telemedicine)and in education technology(edtech).Finally,sustainable finance continues to grow in importance.The main challenge lies in the lack of inclusiveness of these tren

49、ds,which remain highly concentrated in certain SDG sectors,such as renewable energy and,developed markets.The role of investment facilitation and investment promotion agenciesInvestment facilitation encompasses all policies and measures aimed at making it easier for investors to establish and expand

50、 their investments,as well as to conduct their day-to-day business in host countries.It involves the provision of relevant information and assistance to potential investors at the decision-making phase and throughout the course of the investment processes,including location benchmarking,due diligenc