Universum-STEM 2023女性电子书(英).pdf
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1、Women in STEM 2023:Progress or Backsliding?New research from Universum uncovers what women in the STEM fields look for in employers and careers and offers action steps for employers aiming to attract and retain top female talent.Chapter 1Understanding the STEM Careers Gender Gap in 2023After more th
2、an a decade of focused effort and investment,women have made some notable advances in STEM careers.Recent global figures are hard to come by,but country-level statistics in major talent markets show improvement.In the US:Women comprise half(50%)of all people employed in STEM-related jobs according t
3、o the Pew Research Center a slightly higher ratio than the share of women in the workforce(47%).In the EU:more than half(52%)of all people working in science and technology are women,according to Eurostat.12Broad-brush averages,however,hide the extent to which women trail men in specific domain area
4、s and these differences have outsized impact on earning potential,talent demand,and leadership roles for women.Women are overrepresented in health industry jobs,and vastly underrepresented in areas like IT and engineering industries that have higher than average compensation opportunities.For exampl
5、e,Pew estimates that in the US,women make up 74%of health related jobs,48%of life science jobs,and just 15%of engineering jobs.In computer science in particular,women in the US have lost ground over the last 15 years.33WOMEN IN STEM 2023:Progress or Backsliding?-Chapter 11.Pew Research Center:“STEM
6、Jobs See Uneven Progress in Increasing Gender,Racial and Ethnic Diversity,”April 1,2021.https:/www.pewresearch.org/science/2021/04/01/stem-jobs-see-uneven-progress-in-increasing-gender-racial-and-ethnic-diversity/2.Eurostat:“Science and technology fields welcome more women,”May 13,2022.https:/ec.eur
7、opa.eu/eurostat/web/products-eurostat-news/-/ddn-20220513-13.The Wall Street Journal:“How to Get More Women Into Technology,”June 1,2021.https:/ data also shows that women are underrepresented in high-growth innovation centers like cybersecurity and AI.In the UK,women make up just 22%of the AI workf
8、orce,a segment of high growth,demand,and compensation.And globally the cybersecurity workforce is just 25%women particularly interesting given that the cybersecurity workforce is short 3.5 million workers as of 2021,according to Cybersecurity Ventures.The imbalance also shows up in the extent to whi
9、ch women occupy leadership roles.In the UK,for example,women fill just 13%of management roles in science and technology.And a study of Fortune 500 companies found that women held just 17%of CISO(chief information security officer)roles in 2021.45674US Women in STEM JobsShare of women in each of the
10、following job categoriesHealth-related jobsLife science jobsMath jobsPhysical science jobsComputer jobsEngineering jobs 0%20%40%60%80%100%74%All STEM jobsMarine engineers and navalarchitects;Mechanical engineersDental Hygienists;Speechlanguage pathologists50%95%8%48%47%40%25%15%Based on employed adu
11、lts ages 25 and older.Each circle represents a single occupation(e.g.,mechanical engineer,registered nurse).STEM stands for science,technology,engineering and math.Engineering includes architects.WOMEN IN STEM 2023:Progress or Backsliding?-Chapter 14.Tech Monitor:“Will the governments latest women i
12、n STEM initiative pay off?”Feb.14,2023.https:/techmonitor.ai/leadership/workforce/women-in-stem-initiative-uk-government5.World Economic Forum:“Empowering women can help fix the cybersecurity staff shortage,”Sept.9,2022.https:/www.weforum.org/agen-da/2022/09/cybersecurity-women-stem/6.World Economic
13、 Forum:“Gender equality in STEM is possible.These countries prove it,”March 5,2019.https:/www.weforum.org/agen-da/2019/03/gender-equality-in-stem-is-possible/7.Cybercrime Magazine:“Women Hold 17 Percent Of Fortune 500 CISO Positions In 2021,”May 17,2021.https:/ Research Center analysis of 2017-19 Am
14、erican Community Survey(IPUMS)“STEM Jobs See Uneven Progress in Increasing Gender,Racial and Ethnic Diversity”Why so much Focus on STEM Careers?When analysts mention,for example,that women and men have achieved STEM job parity in the US,its easy to infer that the battle for gender equality in STEM c
15、areers has been won.But look closer and its clear there are still pervasive imbalances outside of healthcare and life sciences.And these imbalances translate to unequal opportunity and compensation.The specific expertise areas where women are most underrepresented are the same areas that are project
16、ed to grow faster,pay more,and offer greater opportunities.With all these issues in mind,Universum is taking a deep dive into our data to understand the career priorities of women worldwide.Our company surveys over 750,000 university students each year to understand their long-term career goals and
17、near-term decision-making a study called the World Most Attractive Employers(WMAE)conducted across nine of the worlds largest economies.In 2022,we surveyed over 200,000 students(90,000 women in STEM)in engineering,IT,and natural science.This report dives deep into the gender gap within STEM jobs and
18、 careers aiming to help employers attract and retain top talent.5For all these reasons,its important for companies to be intentional in their talent attraction and management strategies for women in STEM or find that their ranks of engineers,analysts,and AI developers are dominated by men,which in t
19、urn makes it even more difficult to recruit women.WOMEN IN STEM 2023:Progress or Backsliding?-Chapter 1Chapter 2When Hiring STEM Talent,Averages Hide Critical Insights About GenderBy collecting and analyzing talent data,HR leaders can anticipate changes in what talent is searching for in their caree
20、rs,and optimize employee experience and employer branding.Its critical,however,that talent leaders interrogate the data,thinking critically about what hides behind trends data.For example:Gender differences:How do womens career aspirations differ from mens,and does your companys EVP lean more toward
21、 one group?How can you optimize your recruiting efforts to include the needs and priorities of women?Country-level differences:What do women engineers in London,Johannesburg,and New York City care about most?Role-based differences:Are there material differences between the career aspirations of engi
22、neers and those of software developers?7WOMEN IN STEM 2023:Progress or Backsliding?-Chapter 2According to Universums research,most students,regardless of gender,want to work for companies that offer high future earnings and strong professional training and development opportunities but their career
23、priorities diverge after that.For women,secure employment and good references for a future career ranked#3 and#4 in 2022,compared to innovation and competitive base salary for men.And some career priorities differ sharply when comparing women and men;ethical standards,for example,is a relatively imp
24、ortant consideration for women(ranked#11)but significantly less so for men(#29).In the next section,well see how these differences mount when looking at country-level data.2022 Global Top 5 Career Preferences Rankings,by Gender Professional training and development High future earnings Secure employ
25、ment Good reference for future career A friendly work environment High future earnings Professional training and development Innovation Competitive base salary Good reference for future careerSource:Women in STEM,Universum Study 2022WomenMen82022 Womens Top 10 Career Preferences vs.Men(Rank differen
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