2021-2022学年江苏省南京市鼓楼区高一（下）期中英语试卷.pdf

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1、2021-2022学年江苏省南京市鼓楼区高一（下）期中英语试卷第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分37.5分）第 一 节（共 4 小题：每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。1.（7.5 分）Most of us are aware that we must take care of the environment,and the majority ofus take steps to save energy and reduce waste and pollution.But recently some green truths*have

2、 been shown to be only half true,or even completely false.Here are some commonones.Which are really green?Its better to take a shower than a bath.It depends on how long you spend in the shower and how large your bath is.If you spendmore than eight minutes in a shower,youll use as much water as in a

3、bath-about 50litres of water.Therefore,the key is to keep your shower time as short as possible.Eating local food is good for the environment.It seems like common sense：eating local food should be better for the environment,because it does not need to be transported long distances and kept cold duri

4、ngtransport.Unfortunately,it is not that simple.In some cases,local produce might have usedmore energy and produced more greenhouse gases than produce grown a long way away.When we tun off a device,such as television,it goes into stand-by mode.Devices in thismode still use power,and older devices in

5、 stand-by mode can use even more.This happensbecause electricity continues to leak from the device,even when it is turned off*.To make sureyour appliances are in fact off,remove the plug from its power supply.Environmental awareness is now part of daily life.But its worth checking common ideasand op

6、inions to see whats really green.（1）What food is more environmentally friendly?A.It all depends.B.None of them.C.Local produce.D.Non-native food.（2）Which of the following best suits the blank?A.When you turn off a device,it still uses power.B.When you tun off a device,it stops using power.C.Unpluggi

7、ng a device is better than turning off a device.D.Going into stand-by mode is better than turning off a device.（3）Why does the author write this passage?A.To tell the truth about some green truths.B.To call on people to protect the environment.C.To explain the significance of energy-saving.D.To pres

8、ent some practical ways to reduce waste.2.（10 分）Rachel Carson was a scientist by profession,but the lines from the open chapter of her1962 book Silent Spring.A Fable for Tomorrow,show her talent as a writer.By imagining aworld without birds,she aimed to alert（使警 惕）not only the scientific community b

9、ut alsothe general public to the damaging effects of human activity on natural ecosystem-inparticular,to the harmful use of pesticides（杀虫剂），such as DDT.She believed that thechemical industry was knowingly causing harm to plants,animals and even humans,andwished to see pesticides used in a more respo

10、nsible,limited and carefully monitored way.Carson urged people to make themselves aware of the facts and do something about thesituation.Silent Spring contains a lot of scientific research and case studies.The book details theprogramme of removing gypsy moth,which killed birds,in addition to killing

11、 gypsymoths.Another case study was the fire-ant programme that killed cows,but not fire ants.Thebook also gives dozens of other examples of removal programmes that did nothing to reducethe problems they were originally designed to solve.The 50 or so pages at the end of the booklist Carsons source,sh

12、owing how thorough and precise she was as a scientist.Silent Spring was not,however,received positively by everyone.Though Carsonsresearch was strong and was supported by most scientists who reviewed her book,the bookquickly became a target for critics in the pesticide industry.They said that Carson

13、 did notunderstand the science behind her arguments because she was a marine biologist rather than achemist.Some also said that her work was more emotional than scientific.These were attempts to damage Carson*s reputation（名 声）and stop her from influencingpublic policy,but she remained determined to

14、stand by her research.Carson appeared in publicand on television to defend her claims-and today,more than 50 years after it waspublished,the voice of Silent Spring is still ringing loud and clear.(1)Which of the following is included in the passage?Background of the bookFeatures of the bookPurposes

15、of the bookResponses to the bookA.B.C.D.(2)Some people questioned Carsons ideas because they thought.A.she lacked sufficient evidenceB.she was ignorant of true scienceC.she was anxious to get the creditD.she was unprofessional in that field(3)Silent Spring is a book that.A.reveals humans to be the r

16、uler of the worldB.charges pesticide industry with immoral actC.illustrates the potential danger of pesticides0.requests people to appreciate the beauty of spring(4)Which of the following can best describe Carson?A.Scientific and forward-looking.B.Ordinary and responsible.C.Courageous and well-educa

17、ted.Intelligent and adventurous.3.(10 分)Flower scents(香味)help pollinators(传粉者)locate their favorite plants.Scientistshave established that air pollutants change those scents,throwing off the tracking abilities ofsuch beneficial insects as honeybees.But new lab experiments are the first to confirm th

18、at onepollinator,the tobacco hawkmoth,can quickly learn that a pollution-changed scent comesfrom the jasmine tobacco flower that the insect likes.Chemical ecologist Markus Knaden and colleagues focused on one pollutant-ozone,themain element in smog.In the lab,his team blew an ozone-changed scent fro

19、m a tiny tube intoa tunnel,with a moth(飞蛾)awaiting at the far end of the tunnel.Usually,when the mothsmells the unchanged scent,it flies upwind and uses its long,skinny mouthparts to probe thetube the way that it would a flower.The researchers expected that the changed scent mightthrow the moth off

20、a little.But the insect wasnt attracted at all.In addition to scent,tobacco hawkmoths track flowers visually,so Knadens team used thefeature,along with a sweet snack,to train the moth to be attracted to a pollution-changedscent.The researchers wrapped a brightly-colored artificial flower around the

21、tube to trick themoth back across the tunnel,despite the unfamiliar scent.And the team added sugar water tothe artificial flower.After a moth was given four minutes to taste the sweet stuff,it wasattracted to the new smell when sent into the tunnel 15 minutes later,even when neither thesugar water n

22、or the visual signal of the artificial flower was present.This study focused on only one moth species,but Knadens team is now working onplanning experiments with other pollinators that are easier to follow than tobaccohawknoths.While he guesses honeybees might also be as adaptable as the moth was,th

23、at wontbe true of every pollinator,The situation can become very bad for insects that are not as cleveror cannot see that well.I dont want the take-home message to be that pollution is not aproblem.n(1)What does the underlined word grobe in paragraph 2 mean?A.Surround.B.Favour.C.Access.0.Examine.(2)

24、According to the passage,.A.not all moths were attracted to ozone-changed scent as expectedB.the current research conducted by Knaden is pioneering and wide-rangingC.not all pollinators are adaptable to human-driven changes to their environmentD.the moth didnt like the new smell without sugar water

25、and artificial flower（3）What*s Knaden*s attitude towards the finding of the study?A.Positive.B.Cautious.C.Unclear.0.Critical.（4）What does the text mainly talk about?A.A moth can be rid of the tracking ability to locate its favourite plants.B.A moth is able to establish a relationship between polluti

26、on and scents.C.A moth may outsmart smog by learning to like pollution-changed scent.D.A moth is born with an ability to adapt to the changes in the environment.4.（10 分）The first wide-ranging assessment of medical crowdfunding in the United Statesshows that people in states with higher medical debt（

27、债务）and lower rates of insurancecoverage（保险范围）are more likely to try to raise money through crowdfunding websites,but less likely to succeed.From 2016 through 2020,more medical campaigns（运动）on thecrowdfunding site GoFundMe were started in low-income and under-insuredcommunities.But campaigns in wealt

28、hier communities with higher rates of insurance coverageraised significantly more money.Mississippi,for example,has the highest percentage of population with medical debt andis among the highest in percentage of uninsured,but crowdfunding campaigns there raised theleast money of all 50 states.Vermon

29、t,on the other hand,raised the most.Its population had oneof the lowest percentages of uninsured people and was around the middle as to the percentageof population without medical debt.Only the most successful campaigns are stressed on social media,giving the impressionthat crowdfunding works,says s

30、tudy coauthor Nors Kenworthy,a pubic health researcher.But,she says.we need to be more clear-eyed about crowdfundings limits and the kinds of gapsit fills.Yet even in countries like Canada and the United Kingdom,which have some form ofuniversal health care coverage,studies of crowdfunding stress sig

31、nificant gaps.In thosecountries,crowdfinding is often for expenses indirectly related to illness and accidents,such aslost wages,transportation and child-care costs,Kenworthy says.According to one 2019 study,crowdfunding in Canada for cancer-related expenses is less successful in areas with loweredu

32、cation and income.While GoFundMe*s previous CEO Rober Solomon has called concerns that crovdfundingincreases socioeconomic inequalities hogwash(一派胡吉)，the new study negates that,saysJeremy Snyde,a Canadian health researcher,who was not involved in this research.Crowdfunding depends heavily on peer ne

33、tworks that typically have similar features,including income,to the campaigner themselves,says Snyder,If GoFundMe has data thatsuggests otherwise,then they have a duty to make it public.(1)In the United States,online crowdfunding.A.relieves the medical problem of those in povertyB.rids the under-ins

34、ured states of high medical debtC.deepens health care inequalities in different areasD.funds rich communities with higher insurance coverage(2)Why does the author mention Canada and the UK?A.To reveal different purposes of crowdfunding.B.To illustrate the noticeable gaps of crowdfunding.C.To further

35、 explore crowdfunding in other countries.D.To compare their crowdfunding with that in the USA.(3)What can you infer from the passage?A.Medical crowdfunding rarely helps those who need it most.B.Social media covers up the truth that crowdfunding never works.C.The USA has a higher rate of insurance co

36、verage like Canada and the UK.D.Medical crowdfunding raises more money than social media posts suggest.(4)Which of the following does Snyder most probably agree with?A.GoFundMe must provide more data to support its stand.B.Crowdfunding narrows the financial gap among different classes.C.We should be

37、 more aware of crowdfundings limits and puiposes.D.Without peer networks,crowdfunding couldnt function properly.第 二 节（共 1 小题：每小题2.5分，满 分 12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文中的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。5.（12.5 分）When did you last write a letter?Properly write one-by hand?In a digital world,where sending a text or ema

38、il is far more convenient than using snail mail（传统信件），is itstill necessary to write with traditional pen and paper?Well,some people believe that writingstill has many benefits.（1）These days,when people request things in writing,a typed,electronic document will beaccepted.（2）But making a handwritten

39、document is unique：It requires planning andthought,and,as well as practicing your handwriting,it helps you to remember spelling andpunctuation（标点）.（3）This is particularly relevant for students,where typing notes into a laptopis thought to lack the tactile（触觉的）feedback to the brain that contact betwe

40、en pen andpaper does.BBC Worklife website quotes Hetty Roessing from the University of Calgary,whosays that taking notes by hand involves cognitive（认知的）engagement in summarizing,paraphrasing,organizing,concept and vocabulary mapping.Others agree that handwritingmay boost fine motor skills in your ha

41、nds and fingers.There are everyday benefits to using pen and paper too.Drawing notes,shopping lists,ormessages on the back of an envelope can still be useful,quick and portable.（4）Penpal writer Katherine Moller told the BBC：*In a world where it is so easy to hop online toemail or to send a fast text

42、,it is so personal and so precious to know someone chose to turn offthe virtual world to spend some time with you.”So,while digital skills remain important,dont write off your pens and pencils yet.-（5）_A.After alL we cant ignore the benefits handwriting bring to us.B.So maybe its not time to throw a

43、way your pens or pencils yet.C.Especially if your smartphone,tablet or laptop runs out of power!D.And writing a letter to a friend is a good way to practise handwriting.E.Some experts believe your brain benefits from using old-fashioned pen and paper.F.Doing this on a computer means it could be save

44、d,edited,copied and sent via email.G.But putting pen to paper in a letter to a friend or loved one can probably have the mostimpact.第三部分语言运用(共两节，满 分 15分)第 一 节(共 1 小题：每小题15分，满 分 15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选可以填入空白处的最佳选项6.(15 分)Zhang Mengqiu,bom in 2002,won two gold and three silver medals in all fi

45、ve eventsof the womens alpine skiing standing at the Winter Paralympic Games.She(1 )viewers by styling five different hairdos at award ceremonies to(2)her confidence,beauty,as well as optimism towards life.Zhang,who suffered from functional movement disorder as a consequence of cerebralpalsy(脑瘫)，was

46、(3)to Alpine skiing in Hebei para-team in 2016.Zhangs(4)speed was slightly slower than others due to her(5)disadvantage.When she first hitthe slopes,Zhang(6)she was a slow learner.(7)，she decided to put inextra hours(8)to master the sports skills,believing that there are not many(9)battles one can m

47、eet in life,so you need to spare no effort before the battles.A year later,Zhang was selected to the national team.With(10)and ambition,she began to(11)at international competitions,winning numerous major(12).During the campaign(13)300 million people in winter sports inChina,Zhang improved rapidly i

48、n recent years.nI am not good at(14)but I hope thegold can let more people know that efforts eventually will be turned into(15)Zhangsaid.(1)A.conductedB.favouredC.in formed D.s urprised(2)A.trackB.process C.reveal D.permit(3)A.attachedB.gluedC.introducedD.devoted(4)A.defenceB.deliveryC.procedure.rea

49、ction(5)A.intellectualB.mentalC.physicalD.emotional(6)A.provedB.admittedC.declared.signalled(7)A.ThusB.InsteadC.BesidesD.Indeed(8)A.in storeB.in chargeC.in practiceD.in turn(9)A.appealingB.limitedC.further0.significant(10)A.talentB.determinationC.appreciationD.wisdom(11)A.shineB.belongC.quit0.explor

50、e(12)A.creditsB.titlesC.affairsD.funds(13)A.applyingB.involving.C.locating0.benefiting(14)A.commentingB.profitingC.expressing0.protesting(15)A.trialsB.rewardsC.awardsD.recipes第 二 节 语 法 填 空(共 1 0 小题：每 小 题 1.5分，满 分 15分)阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词括号内单词的正确形式。7.(15 分)Many Greek philosophers were at the same ti