中考英语语法复习讲义之专题01 冠词.docx

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1、专题01冠词专题解说冠词；定冠词不定冠词冠词是一种虚词，常放在名词前面，用来说明名词所指的人或事物。冠词本身不能单独使用，在句子中一般不重读。冠词分为不定冠词(a/an)和定冠词(the)两种。考点归纳考点知识梳理要点提示不定冠词1. 不定冠词有两个:a和an。a/an用在可数名词单数前，表示这个人或事物是泛指的不确定的一个，相当于中文的“一个”。a用在发音以辅音开头的单词之前，如agirl、abook等;an用在发音以元音开头的单词之前，如 an hour、an orange等。注意:这里所说的辅音和元音指的是发音，而不是字母。2. 不定冠词的用法。(1)指人或事物的某一种类。如:A hor

2、se is useful to mankind.马对人类有用。(2)指某人或某事物，但不具体说明何人或何事物。如: I am reading an interesting storybook.我在读一本有趣的故事书。(3)表示“一”这个数量，但数的概念没有one 强烈。如: He has a big nose and two small eyes.他有一个大鼻子和两只小眼睛。(4)用于某些固定词组中。如:a little一点儿 alotof许多afew几个haveacold感冒 have a good time玩得高兴haveaswim/walk游泳/散步1.不定冠词通常用于可数名词单数前。2

3、.判断用a还是用an，取决于紧跟在 a/an后面的那个单词的第一个音素。3.当名词前有形容词修饰时，a/an要放在形容词前面。定冠词1. 不论是单数名词还是复数名词，也不论是可数名 词还是不可数名词，其前均可用定冠词the。2. 定冠词的用法。(1)特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。如:The bag on the desk is mine.桌子上的书包是我的。(2)指双方都知道的人或事物。如:-How much is thebasketball?这个篮球多少钱? -Its 98 yuan.98元。(3)指上文提过的人或事物。如:I bought a book from Xinhua Bookst

4、ore.The book costs15 yuan.我从新华书店买了一本书。这本书花了十五元。(4)用在世界上独一无二的事物前。如:The sun is bigger than the moon.太阳比月亮大。(5)用在序数词和形容词最高级前。Sunday is the first dayofthe week.星期天是一周的第一天。(6)用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。如:the Great Wall长城 theChildrensPalace少年宫(7)用在姓氏的复数形式前，表示一家人。如: the Greens格林一家人theWhites怀特一家人(8)用在西洋乐器名称前。如:Can you

5、 play the piano? 你会弹钢琴吗?(9)用在一些习惯用语中。如:in the middle of在中间inthemorning/afternoon evening在早上/下午/晚上ontheleft/right在左边/右边1. 定冠词the在辅音前读/， 在元音前或强调时读/i/。2. 定冠词不与物主代词连 用。3. 定冠词主要是对后面的名词起限定作用，因此“特指”是定冠词的主要功能。零冠词1. 英语中在不少场合下名词前面是不需要使用冠词 和其他限定词的，有的语法书上把这种现象称作“零冠词”。2. 不用冠词的情况。(1)在专有名词和不可数名词前。如:ClassTwo二班Tiana

6、nmenSquare天安门广场water水(2)名词前已有作定语的this that、my、your、some any、each、every等代词。如:This book is reallyinteresting.这本书真的很有趣。(3)复数名词表示一类人或事物时。如: They are teachers.他们是老师。(4)在星期、月份、节日前。如: Can you come to my party on Sunday?星期天你能来参加我的聚会吗?(5)在称呼语、头衔和职务等名称前。如:My science teacher is Miss Xiao.我的科学老师是肖老师。(6)在一日三餐前。如

7、:I have lunch at school every day.我每天在学校吃午餐。(7)在球类运动的名称前。如: Do you playfootball?你踢足球吗?(8)用在某些固定词组中。如:bybus乘公共汽车dayandnight日日夜夜brother and sister兄弟姐妹hereandthere到处 at home在家insurprise惊奇地at noon在中午 go home 回家go shopping/swimming/boating/fishing去买东西/游泳/划船/钓鱼零冠词口诀:下列情况应免冠，代词限定名词前;专有名词不可数，学科球类三餐饭;复数名词表泛指

8、，两节星期月份前;颜色语种和国名，称呼习俗及头衔。考点剖析【典例】There is_apple and _book on the table.A.a;an B.an;a C./;a 解析apple是以元音音素/开头的单词，其前应用an。book是以辅音音素/b/开头的单词，其前应用a。答案B。【知能训练】一、用a或an填空。1._umbrella 2._house 3._egg 4. _hour二、单项选择。( )1.I have_uncle and two aunts.A.two B.an C.a( )2.Shes_ university student and she works in _

9、Italian restaurant on the weekend.A.a;an B.an;a C.an;an 考点二 定冠词【典例】( )1.She is playing _violin at home.A.a B.an C. the D./ ( )2. Yellow River is_ second longest river in China.A.Thethe B./;an C. The; a D. The;/ 解析1.根据冠词的用法，西洋乐器名称前要用定冠词the，故playing和violin之间要加 the2.在世界上独一无二的事物前要用定冠词the，故YellowRiver前要加

10、the 在序数词与形容词最高级前面要用定冠词the，故second前加the。答案1.C 2.A【知能训练】一、单项选择。( )1.(唐山)I can play_basketball but I cant playpiano.A.a; the B./;the C.the:/ ( )2.(济南) _Changjiang River is longer than_Yellow River.A.The;the B. A;a C.The;/ 二、用适当的冠词填空。1.(运城) Thanksgiving is on_fourth Thursday in November.2.(南京)Please don

11、t run on_ bus,little boy.Its very dangerous(危险的).3.(黄冈)On the photo,_sun is shining.考点三零冠词【典例】 ( )1.We often watch TV on_Sunday.A.a B. the C./ ( )2.-Do you like playing_pingpong?-Yes,I do.A.the B./ C.a 解析1.在星期、月份、季节、节日前一般不用冠词，故on和Sunday之间不用冠词。3.在学科名称、三餐饭和球类运动名称前一般不用冠词，故playing和ping-pong之间不用冠词。答案1.C

12、2.B【知能训练】一、单项选择。( )1.(长沙)-What colour is it?-It is_black.A./ B.a C.the ( )2.(广州)Li Ming often goes to school by_bike.A./ B.a C.the 二、选出错误的选项，并在横线上改正。( )1.I can get a egg for you. A B( )2.-Whats the date today?-Its second of April._B C【过关训练】 一、 选词填空。a an the1.There is_old woman in the car.2. The map

13、is_useful map3.Lets go to_ Great Wall.4.I have_umbrella.5. Monday is_second day of the week.二、单项选择( )1.There is_“s”in_word“bus”A.a;a B. an;the C.a; the ()2.She has _orange skirt._skirt is nice.A. a; The B.an; The C.the; A ()3.He likes playing_football.A.the B.a C./ ()4.My father often goes to work b

14、y_bike.A./ B.a C.the ()5.My brother wants to be _engineer when he grows up.A.a B.an C.the ()6.They usually play_ football on MondayA./ B.a C.the ()7.Sunday is_first day of the week.A.a B.an C.the ()8.I have_kite. I like _kite very much.A. a; the B.a;a C.the; the ()9.It is _interesting book.A.a B.an

15、C.the ()10.Amy is _active girl.A.a B.an C.the ()11. _book on the top of the shelf is mine.A.The B.A C.An ()12.Toms mother is_teacher. Shes_French teacher.A.the;the B.an;a C. a; a ()13.Beijing is_capital of China.A.the;/ B. the; an C.a;the ()14._fifth month of year is May.A. A; the B. The; an C. The;

16、a ()15.Our classroom is on_second floor.Lets go into classroom.A.the;a B. the; the C. a;the 三、用适当的冠词填空1. Tom has_eraser.2. June lst is_Childrens Day.3. That is_useful book.4. Here is _black blouse._blouse is Lucys.5.I often play basketball with my friends四、选出错误的选项，并在横线上改正。()1.English is an useful la

17、nguage in the world._ A B()2. There is a apple in the box._ A B C( )3.Look at a moon. Its big._A B C ()4.They are playing the football._ A B C()5.What a exciting football match!_ A B C五、翻译下列短语.1.一个鸡蛋_ 2.一把椅子_ 3.一间小房子_ 4.一个旧盒子_ 5.在下午_ 6.在三月_ 7.吃午饭_ 8.乘公共汽车_ 9.在右边_ 10.回家_ 六、填写适当的冠词，将短文补充完整。Once 1 man

18、wanted to go from one side of 2 river to the other in 3 boat. He had to take with him 4 sheep 5 wolfand 6 basket of vegetables. But he could take only one of them a time,because 7 boat was very small.“If I leave 8 wolf and 9 sheep together, 10 wolf may eat 11 sheep,he said to himself.“If l leave 12

19、sheep and 13 vegetables together, 14 sheep may eat 15 vegetables. He thought and thought. At last, he had 16 idea.And he was able to go to the other side of 17 river with 18 sheep 19 wolfand 20 vegetables.Do you know how he did it?1._ 2._ 3._4._ 5._ 6._ 7._ 8._9. _10._ 11._ 12._13._14._15._16._17._1

20、8._19._20._【真题演练】一、用适当的冠词填空。1.(合肥)I saw film with my friend yesterday.It was fun.2.(武汉)Almost all the boys enjoy playing football.3.(合肥)I have cold.I should see doctor4.(合肥)Lets go to_park by_taxi.Its far.5.(广州)I usually take exercise for_hour every day.二、单项选择。()1.(武汉)I like playing_violin and my br

21、other likes playing_basketball.A.the; the B.the;/ C./;the ()2.(长沙)-Whens your birthday?-Its on fifth of March.A.a B./ C.the ()3.(南京)I want to be basketball player. I want to play in World Cup.A. the; the B.a; the C. a;a ()4.(南京)Well put on_play on_Childrens Day.A.a;/ B.the;the C. a; the ()5.(深圳)Now

22、he is artist. I have known him since he was one-year-old boy.A.an;a B. the; a C.an;the ()6.(武汉)Mary became _monitor of our class.A.a B./ C.the ()7.(广州)I came here in_autumn of 2019.A./ B.a C. the ()8.(广州)China is one of oldest countries in_world.A.the; the B. the;/ C. a; the ()9.(上海)This is_egg_egg is big.A. a; The B.the;The C. an; The ()10.(齐齐哈尔)-Do you know how to spell _word“napkin(纸巾)”in English? -Yes.It begins with_“n”.A.a;the B.an; the C.the; an 学科网（北京）股份有限公司