高三英语一轮复习人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册知识清单.docx

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1、人教版选择性必修二(选修二)unit 1知识清单一、词汇派生1.contradict vt.与发生矛盾，与抵触contradictory adj.相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的2.infect vt.使感染；传染infection n.感染；传染3.prove vt. 证明；检验proof n.证据；证明；检验4.intervene vi.干涉；干预intervention n.介入；出面；干涉二、一词多义1.suspect vt.& vi. n.adj.I suspect (that) you once thought otherwise.（vt.怀疑）Two suspects are now

2、 being interrogated in connection with the killing.（n.犯罪嫌疑人）His reason for being absent is suspect.（adj.可疑的）2.blame vt. n.He bears the blame of his brother.（n.责备；指责）You can hardly blame Peter for being angry with her.（vt.责怪；指责）Whenever something goes wrong，everyone blames it on me.（vt.把归咎于）3.handle

3、n. vt.You have to turn the handle and then pull it towards you.（n. 把手；拉手）A label on the crate read：“Handle with care”.（vt.处理；搬动）Garden tools can be dangerous if carelessly handled.（vt.操纵；使用）4.link n. vt.The road links all the new towns.（vt.把连接起来）Scientists have established possible links between can

4、cer and diet.（n.联系）The two countries have successfully solved the boundary issue，which now has become a link of friendship between the two peoples.（n.纽带）5.decrease n. vt. & vi.The population began to decrease.（vi.减少；减小；降低）They decreased the size of the group from 25 to 15.（vt.减少；减小；降低）There has been

5、 some decrease in imports.（n.减少；降低）三、知识要点1.once and for all最终地；彻底地He will explain it fully once and for all.他将把它充分地解释一次，就此了结。The teacher has warned the student once and for all.那位老师已断然警告那个学生。翻译我最后一次警告你。如果你不停止纠缠我，你将来会后悔的。Im warning you once and for all，if you dont stop disturbing me，youll be regretfu

6、l.知识拓展all at once 突然；同时at once 立刻，马上once and again 一而再，再三2.subscribe vi.认购(股份)；定期订购；定期交纳(会费)He subscribed for 1，000 shares.他认购一千股。I subscribed to that magazine.It is put out every week.我订阅了那本杂志，它是周刊。翻译我十分赞同那个观点。I heartily subscribe to that view.知识拓展subscribe to.同意；赞成；订阅subscribe.to. 把捐赠给；把签署在上We app

7、lied for subscribing to some magazines useful for our work.The department manager subscribed to it and subscribed his name to the application form.我们申请订阅几本对我们的工作有益的杂志，部门经理同意了这一请求，并在申请表上签上了他的名字。3.Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame.斯诺怀疑是水泵的问题。(1)suspect vt.& vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任 n.犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象I sus

8、pect him to know everything about that.我猜想那件事他全都知道了。She had no reason to suspect that Sylvia had not told the truth.她没有理由怀疑西尔维娅没说实话。翻译警察怀疑钱是他偷的。The police suspect him of having taken the money.知识拓展suspect sb. of (doing) sth. 怀疑某人(做)某事suspect sb. to be. 怀疑某人是小片段填空The first suspect was the victims son

9、.The police suspected him of murdering his father，because the neighbors reported having heard them fighting on the night of the killing.第一个嫌疑犯是死者的儿子。警察怀疑他谋杀了他的父亲，因为邻居们在案发当晚曾听到他们打架。(2)blame vt.把归咎于；责怪；指责 n.责备；指责They placed the blame on the doctor.他们把责任归咎于医生。He tried to escape blame for what he had do

10、ne.他试图不为自己的行为负责。翻译看来水是罪魁祸首。It seemed that the water was to blame.知识拓展(1)be to blame (for sth.) (对某事)负有责任，应受责备blame sb. for sth. 因某事责备某人；把某事归咎于某人blame sth. on sb./sth. 把某事归咎于某人/某事(2)put/lay the blame for sth. on sb.将某事归咎于某人take the blame for sth. 对某事承担责任You shouldnt blame John for the failure.You sho

11、uldnt blame the failure on John.你们不应该把这次失败归咎于约翰。4.link n. 联系；纽带 vt.把连接起来；相关联The two companies have linked.这两家公司已联合。The new bridge will link the island to the mainland.新的桥梁将把该岛与大陆连接在一起。翻译那家新公司与几家较老的公司联合以保护自己。The new company linked up with several older ones in selfprotection.知识拓展(1)link.to/with. 将和联系

12、或连接起来link up 连接；结合link up with. 与联合；使与衔接(2)a link between A and B A与B之间的联系5.decrease n.减少；降低；减少量 vt.& vi.(使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低The decrease in sales was almost 20 percent.销售量差不多减少了20%。His interest in this subject gradually decreases.他对这个科目的兴趣逐渐在减退。翻译自从立法之后污染已经大大减少。There has been a sharp decrease in pollu

13、tion since the law was introduced.知识拓展(1)on the decrease 在减少中a decrease in. 在方面减少(2)decrease to. 减少到decrease by. 减少了decrease from.to. 从减少到名师点津decrease的反义词increase的用法increase to 增加(长)到increase by 增加(长)了on the increase 在增加6.thanks to 幸亏；由于Thanks to his research，the UN has more tools in the battle to r

14、id the world of hunger.多亏了他的研究，联合国在消除世界饥饿的战斗中又多了些方法。Thanks to his effort，it is more successful than we have expected.由于他的努力，(这件事)获得了比我们预期更大的成功。翻译由于你的帮助我们成功了。Thanks to your help，we were successful.知识拓展because of 因为；由于as a result of 作为的结果；由于due to 因为；由于owing to 由于；因为的缘故on account of 由于7.transform vt.使

15、改观；使改变形态 vi.改变；转变He seems to have been miraculously transformed into a firstclass player.他似乎奇迹般地变成了一流的球员。Things cannot be transformed overnight.事情不可能在一夜之间改变。翻译蒸汽机将热能转变成动力。A steam engine transforms heat into power.知识拓展(1)transform A into B 把A变成Btransform sth. from A to B 使从A变成B(2)transformation n. 改变

16、；改革四、重点句式1.“特殊疑问词不定式”结构(教材P2)As a young doctor，John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera.作为一名年轻的医生，约翰斯诺变得沮丧，因为没有人知道如何预防或治疗霍乱。句式分析：句中how to prevent or treat cholera为“特殊疑问词不定式”结构，作动词knew的宾语。例1No one knew how to treat this dreaded disease.没人知道如何治疗这种可怕的疾病。例2I dont q

17、uite know what to say in answer to your question.我不太清楚如何回答你的问题。翻译想一想不同种类的交通工具的费用并决定怎么到那里。Think about the fare for different kinds of transport and decide how to get there.知识拓展(1)常见的特殊疑问词：疑问代词who，what，which等和疑问副词how，when，where等。(2)语法功能：该结构相当于名词性从句，在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、同位语等(作主语时，谓语动词常用单数)。(3)通常用在tell，show，u

18、nderstand，explain，teach，learn，discuss等动词后面的特殊疑问代词与构成不定式的动词之间为动宾关系时，不定式通常用主动形式。2.so.that.引导结果状语从句(教材P2)He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.他发现，在两条特定的街道上，霍乱爆发非常严重，10天内就有500多人死亡。句式分析：句中so.that.意为“如此以至于”，引导结果状语从句。例1He

19、 was so foolish that he accepted her invitation.他接受她的邀请真是太傻了。例2They walked so fast that I could not keep up with them.他们走得那么快，我没法跟上他们。翻译这些大象是如此的聪明，它们可以回答一些数学问题。The elephants were so clever that they were able to answer some math questions.知识拓展(1)soadj.或adv.adj.a（n）单数可数名词many/few复数可数名词much/little（少的）

20、不可数名词that.(2)sucha（n）adj.单数可数名词adj.不可数名词adj.复数名词that.She is so lovely a girl that we all like her.She is such a lovely girl that we all like her.It is such a heavy box that I cant lift it.It is so heavy a box that I cant lift it.名师点津(1)little表示“少”时用so修饰，但表示“小”时用such修饰。There was so little time left t

21、hat we must hurry.时间不多了，我们要快一点。They are such little children that they cant understand it.他们是这么小的孩子，他们不会理解的。(2)在“so.that.”和“such.that.”结构中，当“so/such.”置于句首时，其所在的句子要用部分倒装。So hot a day was it that they all went swimming.Such a hot day was it that they all went swimming.天气这么热，他们都去游泳了。3.Many scientists s

22、ubscribe to the view that it is human activity that has caused global warming.许多科学家都认为是人类活动导致了全球变暖。【句式剖析】本句是一个复合句,其中it is human activity that.是强调句,强调的是从句的主语human activity。【句式拓展】(1)强调句的基本句型:It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+句子其余部分.(2)强调句的一般疑问句形式:Was/Is it+被强调部分+that+句子其余部分?强调句的特殊疑问句形式:疑问词(被强调部分)+is/was+it+tha

23、t+句子其余部分?人教版选择性必修二(选修二)unit2知识清单一、词汇派生1call vt.& vi.喊；命名；召唤；认为recall vt.& vi.记起；回想起2qualify vt.& vi.(使)具备资格；(使)合格qualification n(通过考试或学习课程取得的)资格；学历3ambition n追求的目标；夙愿；野心；抱负ambitious adj.有野心的；有雄心的4adapt v(使)适应；改编adaptation n适应；改编本adaptable adj.可适应的，有适应能力的5comfort n安慰；令人感到安慰的人或事物；舒服；安逸 vt.安慰；抚慰comfort

24、able adj.舒服的comfortably adv.舒服地；自在地uncomfortable adj.不舒服的；不安的；不自在的uncomfortably adv.不舒服地；不自在地6participate vi.参加；参与participation n参与；参加7present vt.提出；赠送；呈现 n礼物；现在 adj.出席的；现在的；存在的presentation n报告；陈述；出示；拿出二、一词多义1qualify vt.& vi.I wont qualify until next year.（vi.具备资格）This certificate qualifies the prod

25、ucts.（vt.(使)合格）His past experience qualified him to handle such a delicate matter.（vt.(使)具备资格）2comfort n vt.He has enough money so that he can live in comfort.（n.舒服；安逸）She is enjoying the comforts of life.（n.令人感到安慰的人或事物）I often take comfort from reading.（n.安慰）The old lady often comforts those who ar

26、e in trouble.（vt.安慰；抚慰）3involve vt.The demonstration (游行示威)involved 200 students.（vt.涉及）The reforms will inevitably involve a lot of new paperwork for teachers.（vt.需要）What kind of organizations will be involved in setting up these projects?（ vt.使参加）三、知识要点1.adaptation n适应；改编本This play by George Berna

27、rd Shaw is an adaptation of a classic Greek story.萧伯纳的这个剧本是根据一个古希腊传说改编的。The adaptation of the play for radio manuscript was easy.把剧本改编成广播稿很容易。翻译对一些孩子来说，适应新学校的过程很难。The process of adaptation to a new school is difficult for some children.知识拓展(1)make an adaptation to.适应(2)adapt vi.& vt. (使)适应；(使)适合 vt.

28、改编；修改adapt to. 适应adapt oneself to.使某人自己适应adapt sth. for/into. 把改编成adapt sth. from.由改编It is necessary for us to adapt (ourselves) to the climate here as soon as possible.我们有必要尽快适应这里的气候。fort n安慰；令人感到安慰的人或事物；舒服；安逸 vt.安慰；抚慰She comforted herself that her husband would be home soon.她安慰自己说她的丈夫很快就会回来。You ar

29、e a great comfort to your parents.你是父母最大的安慰。翻译跟你在一起真令人感到安慰。Its a comfort to be with you知识拓展(1)in comfort 舒适地；放松地be a comfort to sb. 对某人来说是个安慰Its a comfort to do sth. 做是令人安慰的事(2)comfort sb.give comfort to sb. 安慰某人(3)comfortable adj. 舒服的；安逸的(4)comfortably adv. 舒适地(5)uncomfortable adj. 不舒适的He had to sa

30、ve enough money so that he could live comfortablyHe had to save enough money so that he could live in comfort他得存足够的钱，以便能过上舒适的生活。My mom always comforts me when I am sick.My mom always gives comfort to me when I am sick.在我生病时，妈妈总是给我以安慰。名师点津comfort作“舒适；安慰”讲时，为不可数名词，但作“令人安慰的人或事物”讲时，则是可数名词，前面常出现不定冠词a。类似的

31、还有：success，failure，surprise，joy等；但fun例外，虽然也可指具体的人或事，但它是不可数名词。3.participation n参加；参与We were very pleased with the high level of participation in the charity events.我们为大家积极参与慈善活动感到非常高兴。Participation is encouraged at all levels.鼓励各级人士都来参与。翻译这个方案旨在鼓励大众更多地参与体育活动。The scheme aims to encourage increased par

32、ticipation in sporting activities知识拓展(1)participation in.参加；参与(2)participate vi. 参加；参与participate in (doing) sth. with sb. 与某人一起参加/参与做某事participate with sb. in sth. 与某人分担某事(3)participant n. 参加者；参与者She participated with her friend in his sufferings.她分担朋友的痛苦。名师点津participate 是不及物动词，常与in构成搭配，同义短语是join i

33、n，take part in。4.presentation n. 报告；陈述；出示；拿出On presentation of the relevant identity documents you may collect your property.你只要出示有关的身份证件就可以领取你的财产。The Queen will make the presentation herself.女王将亲手赠送礼品。翻译如果你感兴趣，一定要想尽一切办法进行当面陈述。If you get some interest，make every possible attempt to make the presenta

34、tion in person.知识拓展give a presentation of.对作陈述make a presentation to.为颁发奖品The president made a presentation to the businesswoman of the year.总统为本年度最成功的女实业家颁发了奖品。5.speak up 大声点说；明确表态Please speak up so that the people at the back of the room can hear you.请大点声讲，让屋子后面的人也能听见你的声音。Its about time someone sp

35、oke up for these basic truths.该是有人公开讲清楚这些基本事实的时候了。翻译现在该为蒙受不公正对待的人们大声疾呼了。Its time to speak up for those who are suffering injustice知识拓展speak for.代表讲话；为辩护speak ones mind 说出心里话speak well/ill of.表扬/批评speak of.谈起；提到We should not speak ill of others behind their backs.我们不应该在背后说别人的坏话。6.feel at home舒服自在；不拘束

36、Will you ever feel at home here?在这里你会有无拘无束的感觉吗？Make the new students feel at home in your school.让新生们在你们的学校里感到舒适自在。翻译服务员们非常友好，使我们感到像在家里一样。Waitresses are very friendly，which makes us feel at home知识拓展be at home 觉得安适；无拘束feel/be at home with sb. 和某人合得来be home free 稳操胜券，遥遥领先see sb. home 送某人回家John was hom

37、e free in the presidential election.约翰在总统竞选中遥遥领先。7.engage vi.参加；参与(活动) vt.吸引(注意力、兴趣)His good nature engages everyone.他善良的性情吸引每个人。She tried to engage him in conversation.她试图让他参与对话。翻译他们从未学过吸引他人注意的技巧。They never learned skills to engage the attention of others知识拓展engage in.(使)从事；参与engage oneself in.正做着，

38、正忙着be engaged by.为所吸引be engaged in.从事；正做着；正忙着be engaged to.同订婚My family has been engaged in farming for generations.我家几代都从事农业。8.involve vt.包含；需要；涉及；影响；(使)参加I didnt mean to involve you in all this.我没打算让你牵涉到这一切当中。What kind of organizations will be involved in setting up these projects?什么组织会参与建立这些项目呢？翻

39、译你的工作包括些什么？What does your job involve?知识拓展get/be involved in .参与；卷入；与有关联involve sb. in sth. 让某人经历，让某人做(尤指令人不快的事)Dont involve me in your crime；I had nothing to do with it!别把我扯进你的罪案中，我可与它毫无干系。四、重点句式1.It was the first time that.这是第一次做(教材P14)It was the first time that she had left China.这是她第一次离开中国。句式分析：

40、句中It was the first time that.表示“这是第一次做某事”。that从句常用过去完成时。例1It was the first time that she had sung in public.那是她首次公开演唱。例2It was the last time that I had seen him.那是我最后一次看见他。翻译这是我第一次看到一部如此感人的电影。It was the first time that I had seen such a moving movie.知识拓展It was the first (second.) time that.过去完成时，这是某

41、人第次做某事It is the first (second.) time that.现在完成时It was the first time that he had got such a good chance这是他第一次得到了这样的一个好机会。It is the second time that they have visited this city这是他们第二次参观这座城市。名师点津在此句型中的it可用this或that来代替。2.the first time (that).第一次时(教材P14)The first time that she had to write an essay，her

42、 tutor explained that she must acknowledge what other people had said if she cited their ideas，but that he mainly wanted to know what she thought!她第一次写论文时，导师跟她解释说，如果引用别人的观点就一定要注明，不过导师主要是想知道她自己是怎么想的！句式分析：名词性短语the first time (that)在此作连词，引导时间状语从句，表示“第一次时”。例1The first time I saw her，she wore a red skirt

43、.我第一次见到她时，她穿着一条红裙子。例2I felt bad the first time I talked to a group.第一次给旅行团作讲解时，我感觉很糟。翻译我第一次来到这里就睡了数月以来的一个好觉。The first time I came here，I had the best nights sleep for months.知识拓展(1)the first time用作连词引导时间状语从句，意为“第一次时”，而for the first time是介词短语，意为“第一次”，在句子中作状语。(2)引导时间状语从句的短语或词还有every time，each time，the

44、 last time，the moment，the minute，immediately，directly等，起从属连词的作用。即学即练完成句子Ill never forget meeting you for the first time我从不会忘记第一次见你的情景。Every/Each time I was in trouble，he would come to help me out.每一次我遇到麻烦，他都会来帮我摆脱困境。The boy burst into tears the moment/immediately he saw his mother这个男孩一看到妈妈，就立刻哭了起来。人

45、教版选择性必修二(选修二)unit3知识清单Unit 3 Food and Culture一、词汇派生1consist vi.组成；构成consistent adj.一致的；连续的2elegant adj.精美的；讲究的；文雅的elegantly adv.优美地；雅致地；高雅地3stuff vt.填满；把塞进 n东西；物品stuffed adj.塞满了的；已经喂饱了的4except vt.把除外；免除 prep.除外exception n例外exceptional adj.特别的；罕见的5minimum adj.最低(限度)的；最小的 n最小量；最少量maximum adj.最大值的；最大量的 n最大的量、体积、强度等6consume vt.吃；喝；饮；消耗consumer n消费者，用户，消耗者二、一词多义1stuff vt. nShestuffed her