初中英语精讲精练--语法学习之定语从句相关考点与高频考点.docx

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1、初中英语语法学习之定语从句相关考点与高频考点考点一、介词与关系代词连用作介词与关系代词连用的习题时，要看两点：一看先行词前需要什么介词，二看定语从句的谓语动词后需要什么介词。最简单的方式就是将定语从句还原成一个独立的句子，结果就一目了然。如：1、The place at which the bridge is supposed to be built should be where the cross-river traffic is the heaviest. (定语从句还原就是：The bridge is supposed to be built at the place. 这样就可以判断

2、引导词需要介词at。也可以看先行词the place前需要介词at进行判断。)2、I saw a woman running toward me in the dark. Before I could recognize who she was, she had run back in the direction from which she had come.(从句还原就是：She had come from the direction，所以定语从句用from which 引导。)3、There was a single person in the street to whom she tu

3、rned for help.(从定语从句的谓语动词turn可构成词组turn to sb. for help就可以判断应该填to whom。)4、The man about whom I talked just now is from Beijing University.(根据定语从句的谓语动词talk判断后需要of或about，因此此处需要about/of whom)考点二、从句中的主谓一致当定语从句的引导词在从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词必须与先行词保持一致，这时引导词与谓语动词的数无关。如：1. Tom is the only one of the workers in our c

4、ompany who has won a nation-wide fame.(汤姆是我们公司唯一一个赢得国家荣誉的工人。先行词为the only one。)2. Tom is one of the workers in our company who have won nation-wide fames.(汤姆是我们公司赢得国家荣誉的工人之一。先行词为the workers。)3. I, who am your friend for ever, will never turn against you. (我，你永远的朋友，永远也不会背叛你。先行词为I。)考点三、几种特殊的定语从句1. the

5、way 和the time的定语从句的引导词一般用that引导，可以省略。如：(1).I think the way (that) he told me is the best.我认为他告诉我的方法是最好的。(2).Today is the time that we began to work on plane model.今天是我们动手做飞机模型的时候了。2. 定语从句中含有插入语时，做题时可将插入语直接去掉，题目就简单明了。如：We feed the children who we think are hungry.我们喂了那些我们认为饥饿的孩子。This is the man who I

6、 believe is very honest.这就是那个我认为很诚实的人。说明： 常用于插入语的动词有：believe, think, suppose, guess, say 等等。考点四、分隔式定语从句定语从句有时不直接跟在先行词的后面，中间由一个定语、状语、谓语隔开。如：(1).The days are gone when the Chinese people were looked down upon.(2). Do you remember one afternoon ten years ago when I came to your house and borrowed a dia

7、mond necklace from you?(你记得我来到贵府借一个钻石项链10年前的一天下午吗?)(3). There is an expression in his eyes that I cant understand.我不能理解他眼中所表达的东西。定语从句相关题型1. Whenever I met her, _ was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile.( )A. whoB. whichC. whenD. that2. Because of the financial crisis, days are gone _ loc

8、al 5-star hotels charged 6000 yuan for one night.( )A. ifB. whenC. whichD. since3. She brought with her three friends, none of _ I had ever met before.( )A. themB. whoC. whomD. these4. I have reached a point in my life _ Im supposed to make decisions of my own.( )A. whichB. whereC. howD. why5. Its h

9、elpful to put children in a situation _ they can see themselves differently.( )A. thatB. WhenC. whichD. where6. Many children, _ parents are away working in big cities, are taken good care of in the village.( )A. theirB. whoseC. of themD. with whom7. A person _ e-mail account is full wont be able to

10、 send or receive any e-mails.( )A. whoB. whomC. whoseD. whoever8. I travel to the Binhai New Area by light railway every day, _ do many businessmen who live in downtown Tianjin.( )A. asB. whichC. whenD. though9. Gun control is a subject _ Americans have argued for a long time.( )A. of whichB. with w

11、hichC. about whichD. into which10. I was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, a city _ name will create a picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our mind.( )A. whichB. of whichC. thatD. whose11. -What do you think of teaching, Bob?-I find it fun and challenging. It is a job _ you are doing somethi

12、ng serious but interesting.( )A. whereB. whichC. whenD. that答案分析：1.B。解析：which可以引导非限制性定语从句，指主句一句话所说的内容，在从句中作主语。2. B。解析：先行词在后面的定语从句中作时间状语，所以用when。3. C。解析：根据句中的标点符号指导，本句后一部分是一个非限制性定语从句。故排除不能引导定语从句的A和D。又因关系代词在从句中代指人，作介词of的宾语，故选C。4. B。解析：句意：我已经达到了一个关键地步，我应该作出自己的决定。where在此处引导定语从句，修饰point。5. D。解析：a situati

13、on后面的从句起修饰作用，应为定语从句。而从句中不缺少主语或宾语，所以不能用which，that。却表示地点的副词作状语，用where正确。6. B。解析：whose做定语，修饰parents，引导的是非限制性定语从句。7. C。解析：whose作从句中的定语，修饰前面的person，引导的是非限制性定语从句。8. A。解析：as正如，引导非限制性定语从句。逗号前的是主句，逗号后as引导非限制性定语从句中又有一个who引导的限制性定语从句，这句话的意思是：正如许多住在天津市区的商人一样，我每天乘轻轨去滨海新区上班。9. C。解析：这个定语从句的先行词是subject，从句考查了短语argue

14、with sb about/over sth，所以选择C。10. D。解析：句意为：我出生在新奥尔良，一想到他的名字，我的脑海就会浮现出一幅草绿树美的画面。whose在从句中作定语修饰name。先行词为Louisiana，而a city是Louisiana的同位语。11. A。解析：句意：-鲍勃，你认为教学怎么样?-有趣又富有挑战性。它是一份严肃又有趣的工作。Where = in which意义上相当于 in the job,引导定语从句说明a job是一种什么样的工作。定语从句与强调句陷阱题详解1. The factory was built in a secret place, aroun

15、d _ high mountains.A. which was B. it was C. which were D. them were【陷阱】容易误选A或B，将A、B中的 which 和 it 误认为是其后句子的主语。【分析】最佳答案是C，around which were high mountains 是一个由“介词+which”引出的非限制性定语从句，而在该从句中，主语是 high mountains，around which 是表语，所以句子谓语应用复数were，而不是用单数 was。请做以下类例题目(答案均为C)：(1) Yesterday we visited a modern h

16、ospital, around _ some fruit shops.A. which is B. it is C. which are D. them are(2) The murder happened in an old building, beside _ the city police station.A. which are B. it is C. which is D. them are(3) Next month well move to a new building, next to _ a nice restaurant where we can have Chinese

17、food.A. which are B. it is C. which is D. them are2. A man with a bleeding hand hurried in and asked, “Is there a hospital around _ I can get some medicine for my wounded hand?”A. that B. which C. where D. what【陷阱】容易误选 B，认为 around 是介词，选 which 用以代替前面的名词 hospital，在此用作介词 around 的宾语。【分析】最佳答案为C。以上语法分析并不算

18、错，但问题是，照此分析，此句的意思即为：有没有这样一个医院，我在它的附近可以买药治我的手伤?这样的语境显然有点不合情理，因为人们通常是在医院里面治伤，而不是在医院附近治伤。此题选 C 的理由是：句中的 around 不是介词，而是副词，意为“在附近”;其后的 where 引导定语从句用以修饰其前的地点名词 hospital，句意为：附近有没有一家医院，我可以去治我的手伤?3. David is such a good boy _ all the teachers like. A. that B. who C. as D. whom【陷阱】此题容易误选A，许多同学一看到题干中的such，再联系到

19、选项中的 that，便认为这是考查such that 句式。况且，这样理解意思也还通顺。【分析】最佳答案为C，不是A，因为在such that (如此以至)结构中，that 引导的是结果状语从句，并且 that 在从句中不充当句子成分，若在上句填入 such that ，句末的动词 like 缺宾语。选C的理由如下：as 用作关系代词，用以引导定语从句，修饰其前的名词 boy，同时 as 在定语从句中用作动词 like 的宾语，句意为“所有老师都喜欢的一位好男孩”。有的同学可能还会问，假若选A，能否将其后的 that 视为引导定语从句的关系代词呢?不能，因为当先行词受到 such 的修饰时，其

20、后的定语从句应用关系代词 as 来引导，而不用that。比较下面一题，答案为A，因为 like 后有自己的宾语 him：David is such a good boy _ all the teachers like him. A. that B. who C. as D. whom请再做以下试题(答案选D)：It was not such a good dinner _ she had promised us. A. like B. that C. which D. as4. The buses, most of _ were already full, were surrounded by

21、 an angry crowd.A. that B. it C. them D. which【陷阱】容易误选 C，用 them 代指 the buses。【分析】最佳答案是D。most of which were already full 为非限制性定语从句，修饰 the buses。类似地，以下各题也选D：(1) His house, for _ he paid $10, 000, is now worth $50, 000. A. that B. it C. them D. which(2) Ashdown forest, through _ well be driving, isnt a

22、 forest any longer.A. that B. it C. them D. which(3) This I did at nine oclock, after _ I sat reading the paper. A. that B. it C. them D. which类似地，以下各题选 whom，不选 them：(4) George, with _ I played tennis on Sundays, was a warm-hearted person.A. that B. him C. them D. whom(5) Her sons, both of _ work ab

23、road, will come back home this summer.A. that B. who C. them D. whom(6) I met the fruit-pickers, several of _ were still university students.A. that B. who C. them D. whom5. He had a lot of friends, only a few of _ invited to his wedding.A. whom B. them C. which D. who【陷阱】容易误选 A，认为这是非限制性定语从句。【分析】最佳答

24、案是B，这不是非限制性定语从句，而是一个独立主格结构，因为空格后的动词 invited 并不是一个完整的谓语，而是一个过去分词。当然，假若在 invited 前加上助动词 were，则是一个非限制性定语从句，答案便应选A。比较：(1) They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, none of _ carried out in their work.A. which B. them C. what D. that答案选B，none of them carried out in their work 是独立主格结构，其中的 carried ou

25、t 为过去分词。(2) They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, none of _ were carried out in their work.A. which B. them C. what D. that答案选A，none of them were carried out in their work 是非限制性定语从句，注意与上例比较句中多了一个助动词were。(3) They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, but none of _ were carried out in t

26、heir work.A. which B. them C. what D. that答案选B，由于两句之间增加了一个并列连词but，使得该句成了一个并列句。6. On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _ parents seated together joking.A. their B. whose C. which D. that【陷阱】容易误选B，认为这是非限制性定语从句。【分析】最佳答案是A。与上面一题相似，their parents seated together joking 不是非限制性定语从句，而

27、是一个独立主格结构，因为空格后的动词 seated 不是谓语，而是一个过去分词，因为 seat 作动词用时，是及物动词。比较以下相似题：(1) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _ parents were seated together joking.A. their B. whose C. which D. that选B。whose parents were seated together joking 为非限制性定语从句，因为其后有完整的谓语 were seated。(2) On Sundays th

28、ere were a lot of children playing in the park, and _ parents were seated together joking. A. their B. whose C. which D. that选A。因为句中有并列连词and，整个句子为并列句。(3) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _ parents sitting together joking.A. their B. whose C. which D. that选A。their parents

29、sitting together joking 为独立主格结构。(4) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _ parents sat together joking.A. their B. whose C. which D. that选B。whose parents sat together joking 为非限制性定语从句，因为句中有完整的谓语 sat。(5) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _ parents we

30、re sitting together joking.A. their B. whose C. which D. that选B。whose parents were sitting together joking 为非限制性定语从句，因为句中有完整的谓语 were sitting。7. If the man is only interested in your looks, _ just shows how shallow he is.A. as B. which C. what D. that【陷阱】容易误选A或B，误这是非限制性定语从句。【分析】正确答案为D，注意逗号前是一个条件状语从句，

31、逗号后是该状语从句的主句，that 在此代表前文所述的情况，用作主句的主语。类似地，下面几道题也选 that，而不选 which：(1) If you promise to go with us, _ will be OK.A. as B. which C. and it D. that(2) If you want a double room, _ will cost another 15.A. as B. which C. what D. that(3) Whether you go or not, _ is quite all right with me.A. that B. which C. and it D. so(4) When I say two hours, _ includes time for eating.A. as B. which C. what D. that学科网（北京）股份有限公司