初中英语精讲精练--语法学习之主谓一致用法解析与练习.docx

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1、初中英语语法学习之主谓一致用法解析与练习“一致”就是指前后照应，英语中的一致包括主语部分和谓语部分的一致以及代词和被指代名词短语的一致。1. 主谓一致的概念：就是指谓语动词在人称和数方面要和主语部分对应。2. 主谓一致的原则：1)语法一致：即主语和谓语在语法上保持一致。就是说如果主语为单数形式，谓语就用单数形式;若主语为复数形式，谓语也应用复数形式。(1) 单数名词、不可数名词、不定式短语、动词 -ing 形式、或主语从句作主语，谓语动词用单数形式;复数主语则用动词的复数形式。例如：To say is one thing, to do is another. Who will do the j

2、ob hasnt been decided yet.(2) A+with, together / along with, as well as, besides, but, except, including, in addition to, like, no less than, rather than, instead of B应根据A确定。例如：The father with his two sons has gone to the cinema.No one except the two boys was late for class.Li Ming, rather than his

3、classmates, has let out the secret.(3) and 连接两个名词作复合主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。例如：My father and mother are away on business.但是，当两个名词表示同一个人、同一事物、同一概念或一套完整的东西时(其特征是 and 后的名词前无任何冠词)，谓语动词应用单数形式。例如：The writer and poet has decided to be on holiday in Yunnan. (对比： The writer and the poet have decided to be on holiday i

4、n Yunnan. )A cart and horse is running up the road.注：当 and 连接的并列单数主语前分别有 no, each, every, many a, more than one 等修饰时，谓语要用单数形式。例如：In China every man and every woman who has a citizenship has the right to vote and to be voted.Many a teacher and many a student has seen the film.(4) 不定代词 one, no one, th

5、e other, another, anyone, anybody, someone, somebody, everyone,everybody, nobody, anything, something, everything, nothing, each, either 以及被 each, every 修饰的名词作主语，尽管有些表示复数意义，但是它们的谓语应该用单数形式。例如：Is everybody here today? Everything around us is matter.注： none 作主语时，谓语动词用单数、复数均可。例如：None of them has ( have

6、) been to the Great Wall.不过，当 none 作主语，其表语是单数时，谓语用单数;若其表语是复数，则谓语也应用复数。(5) 在定语从句中，从句中的谓语动词应该与先行词保持一致。例如：The teacher who teaches us English is from Inner Mongolia. Who is the girl that is in red shirt?2) 意义一致：即谓语动词的单复数形式不是根据语法形式，而是根据主语的内在涵义(即有时主语的单数形式表达的是复数涵义，反之亦然)确定的。(1) 有些集体名词，如：主语family, group, arm

7、y, government, audience 等表示整体概念时，应看作单数，谓语也用单数形式;但若表示组成整体的各个成员时，其谓语则应用复数形式。例如：My family is quite big. (整体) My family like watching TV. (整体的组成部分)(2) 有些集体名词，如：people (人们)， police, cattle, personnel (全体人员)， militia (民兵)，谓语应该用复数形式。例如：The police are after a murderer.注： people 作“民族”解时，其单数形式为 people ，复数形式为

8、peoples 。当它作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式应视情况而定。例如：A great people always learns from disasters. The Chinese and the Japanese are two peace-loving peoples.(3) 表示物品的名词用量词表示具体数量时，其谓语形式应与量词的数保持一致。例如：That pair of trousers was sold out, but these pairs of trousers are still on the counter.A basket of peaches is on the t

9、able.(4) 复数名词短语表示度量、距离、金额、时间或专有名词，要看做一个整体，其谓语动词要用单数形式。例如：Ten years is a moment in history. The Arabian Nights is a very interesting story-book.The United States is the only superpower in the world now.(5) “分数 / 百分数+ of +名词”以及“ all ( most, some, any, half, a lot, the rest ) +of +名词”作主语时， 根据of 后的名词确定。

10、例如：Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is water. Ten percent of the apples are bad.All of the work has been done. Two third of the forest has been cut down.(6) the 与某些形容词搭配表示一类人时，如 the dead, the blind, the British等，谓语用复数形式。例如：The old are taken good care of. The rich are getting richer and the

11、poor are getting poorer in some countries.(7) “kind(s) / sort(s) / type(s) of / style(s) of +名词”作主语，根据kind/sort / type / style的单复数确定。例如：This kind of book is sold in that shop. Many kinds of shoes are sold in that shop.注：“名词+ of + a (the, this, that, these, those, all, some, many 等)+ kind (s)”结构作主语，谓

12、语动词的单复数形式则与名词的数一致。例如：A book of this kind is sold in that shop. Apples of these kinds are sour.3) 就近一致：这一原则是指如果句子中有两个或两个以上的主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式要根据靠近它的主语的单复数来确定。主要有以下两种情况：(1) or, either or , neither nor , not only but also , not but 等连接并列主语时。例如：Not his parents but he doesnt want to go. Neither you nor I am

13、a stranger here. 但是：Do his parents or he want to go? 因为his parens离do近。Does neither he nor his classmates know the secret? 因为he离does近。(2) There be +多个名词作主语，谓语动词常与最靠近 be 的名词的单复数一致。例如：There is an apple, two pears and some oranges on the plate.There are three students, two strangers and our headmaster t

14、alking together.3. 练习1)更正下列句中的主谓一致错误：(1) Both paper and ink is used up ( are used)(2) Doing two things at a time are not good. (is not good)(3) This pair of shoes are my brothers. (is my)(4)The team was having a celebration when I came in. (were having)(8) Physics are one of my favourite subjects. (

15、is one)(5) Each of the boys have a dictionary. (has a)(6) The Chinese people speaks Chinese. (speak)(7) Are all ready for the sports meeting? (Is all)(9) The number of trees was planted yesterday. (A number.were planted)(10)Ten minutes are enough for you to do this exercise. (is enough)(11) Two hund

16、red dollars are a big amount of money for a kid. (is a big)(12) Who your parents are dont matter at all. (doesnt matter)(13) The traffic police is searching for a hit-and-run driver. (are searching)(14) The only one of the kids who have been to the Great Wall is Li Lei. (who has been)(15) One of the kids who has been to the Great Wall is Li Lei. (who have been)(16) The rest of the earth are covered with water. (earth is)(17) Two students, in addition to a teacher, was involved in the project. (teacher, were involved)学科网（北京）股份有限公司