高考高三英语二轮复习语法专项之定语从句.docx

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1、定语从句一.考情分析，命题探究2015-2019年定语从句考情一览表题型20192018201720162015IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIII语法填空01111011110110改错00110000100000纵 观近五年全国卷高考试题，定语从句仍是近五年高考考查热点。对定语从句的考 查主要集中在对关系代词、关系副词的的选用及判断以及非限制性定语从句的考 查上。二.真体演练，品味高考1. （2019 全国卷 III） They were well trained by their masters whohad great experience with caring

2、for these animals.2. （2019 全国卷 H） Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield,whichshe opened with her late husband Les.3. （2019 全国卷 III）（改错）In the cafe, customers will enjoy yourselves in the historical environment whichis created for them.4. （2018 全国卷 I）Two of the

3、 authors of the review also made a study published in 2014,which showed a mere five to 10. minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.5. （2018 全国卷 II） The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005when the government started a soil-testin

4、g programthat/whichgives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmersand 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7. 7 million tons.6. （2018 全国卷 I）（改错）They also had a small pondin which/wherethey raised fish.7. （2017 全国卷 I） Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both,whichis not good for the hea

5、lth.8. （2017 全国卷 II）（改错）In their spare time, they are interested in planting vegetables in their garden, whichis on the rooftop of their house.9. （2017 全国卷 III）（改错）Around me in the picture are the things thatwere very important in my life at that time.10. （2017 全国卷 III） But sarah.whohas taken part i

6、n shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.11. （2016 全国卷 III） Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius who lived from roughly 551- to 479 B.C., influenced the development of chopsticks.12. （2016 全国卷 I） But my connection with pandas goes back

7、 to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, whenI was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.13. （2015 全国卷 I） rd skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place fbr tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the L

8、i River whichare pictured by artists翻译：1 .有一个人在我的生活中起了重要作用，这是无法用语言描述的。There is a person who plays an important role in my life,which is beyond description.2 .我看到过你在网上张贴的夏令营通知，我对此很感兴趣。I read the announcement of the summei caamp that you have posted on the Internet and I am interested in it.3 .中秋节是一个全

9、家团圆、赏月、吃月饼的传统节日。The Mid-autumn festival is a traditional festival when families get togethei to watch the moon and eat mooncakes.4 .现在我们已经到了一个对我们未来非常重要的时刻(point),我们应当全身心地学习。Now we have come to a point which is veiy ciitical to oui future, where we aie supposed to devote ouiselves to studying.5 .我想要感

10、谢史密斯教授，没有他的帮助我不会取得今天的成就。I wish to thank Professor Smith,without whose help I would never have got this far.6春节是中国最重要的节日，在节日里，大人们给孩子用红色信封装的压岁钱。The Spring Festival is the most important festival in China when adults give children lucky money in a 】ed envelope.7 .据说出自全国各地的专家之手的大量剪纸作品会被展出，其中一些是著名艺 术家的作品

11、。Its said that a large numbei of paper-cut works by experts thioughout China will be on show, some of which are made by famous artists .8 .毫无疑问你应该提前了解唐朝的历史，这会使得课程进展顺利。There is no doubt that you are supposed to know about the history of the Tang Dynasty in advance, which will make the class go smooth

12、ly.in so many Chinese paintings.14 .（2019江苏卷）We have entered into an age whendreams have the best chance of coming true.15 .（2019天津卷）Their child is at the stage whereshe can say individual words but not full sentences.16 .（2018江苏卷）Self-driving is an area whereChina and the rest of the world are on t

13、he same starting line.17 .（2018北京卷）She and her family bicycle to work, whichhelps them keep fit.18 . （2017北京卷）The little problems that/whichwe meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.19 .（2017天津卷）My eldest son, whosework takes him all over the world, is in New York at the mo

14、ment.20 .（2017江苏卷）In 1963, the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of whose purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.21 .（2017-iL ）Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got swept into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden, whereit remained until the carrots l

15、eafy top accidentally sprouted （生长）through it.22 . （2019北京卷）The students benefitting most from college are those whoare totally engaged in academic life, taking full advantage of the colleges chances and resources.23 .（2019浙江卷）On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth that/whichgives off

16、light in the dark.三.考点总结，查漏补缺知识点一：定语及定语从句翻译句子，画出句子的定语成分。（DThe girl behind the treeis kate.The girl who is behind the tree is kate.（2）The man driving too fastwas a drunk.The man who was driving too fastwas a drunk.（3）Most of the people invited to the partywere famous scientists.Most of the people who

17、 were invited to the partywere from South Africa.（4）You need someone to look after you.You need someone who can look after you.（5）She has a garden much laager than yours.She has a garden which is much larger than yours.小结：定语从句:在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句的从句叫定语从句。 定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。先行词:被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。关系词:引导定

18、语从句的词叫关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。 头系代词有 that, which,who, whom, whose等； 关系副词有 when, where, why等。关系词通常有下列三个作用：引号定语从句；代替先行词；在 定语从句中担当一个成分。例如：The women who are speaking at the meeting are famous scientists.该句中，who are speaking at the meeting are famous scientists.是定语从句，修饰先行 词the women,who是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词the wom

19、en,在定语从句 中作主语。知识点二：关系代词引导的定语从句翻译句子,画出定语从句，圈出关系词并分析其功能。(DDo you know the man who is talking with youi mother?(2)Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am working.(3)1 like those books whose topics are about history.(4)Football is a game which is liknd by most boys.(5)He is such a person as is respected

20、by all of us.(6)This is the same pen as I lost yesterday.(7)The film( which/that) they went to see last nightwas not interesting at all.总结：关系词类别关系词先行词充当从句中的句子成 分关系代词who人主，宾，表whom人宾which物主，宾，表that人或物主，宾，表as人或物主，宾，表whose人或物定注意：定语从句在下列情况下只能用that,而不能用which指物。(指人时可以 用 who/whom )1 .当先行词被形容词最高级或者序数词修饰时。如：T

21、his is the best film that I have ever seen.2 .当先彳亍词是不定代词 everything, anything, nothing ,something, all, none, few, little,much 等代词时,或当先行词受 every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much 等代 词修饰时。如：Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li said?3 .当先行词被 the very, the only, the same, the last 修饰时。如：Afte

22、r the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owns.4 .当先行词是who,或which引导的主句时。如：Who is the man that is standing by the gate?Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?5 .当先行词既有人编物时。如：They talked about the persons and things that they remembered at school.知识点三：关系副词引导的定语从句一翻译句子，画出定语从句,圈出关系词

23、并分析其功能。 (DChina is the only Cuntry where wild pandas can be found. (2)1 still remember the time when I lived in the countryside.(3)Do you know the reason why he is absent?关系词类别关系词先行词充当从句中的句子成分关系副词where地点状when时间状whyreason状Ex:a.(l)She wont forget the days that/which/xshe spent on the islands.(2)She wo

24、nt forget the days whenthey stayed together.b.(DThe teacher didnt know the reason whyshe was absent yesterday.(2)The tearcher couldnt accept the reason that/ which/xshe explained yesterday.c.(DThis is the parkthat/ which/xwe visited last year.(2)This is the park wherewe held a birthday party.总结：1 .关

25、系代词和关系副词的区别关系代词在定语从句中作.主语、宾语.、定系.。关系副词在定语从句中作.状语2 .如何选用定语从句的关系词(1)首先分清主句和从句。确定定语从句修饰的先行词，指人还是指物。(3)(代入法)把先行词带回到定语从句中去,看其在定语从句中所做成分(主语，宾 语,定语或状语)若先行词在从句中做主语、宾语或定语则选择关系代词，若在从句中做状语 则选择关系副词。知识点四：介词+关系代词引导的定语从句1 .介词+关系代词引导的定语从句时，位于介词之后的关系代词只能是which或 whom,构成介词+which (指物)；介词+whom (指人)两种结构。Ex:(l)The service

26、 about that the students complain a lot should be improved.(改错)(2)He is a library assistant from who I borrowed some books.(改错)2 .代词whose+名词 引导的定语从句可转化为the+名词+of+ which / whom或 of+ which/whom+ the +名词结构；of 表所属关系。(1)1 live in a room whose windows are all broken*=1 live in a room of which the windows

27、are all broken.=I live in a room the windows of which are all broken.(2)This is my teacher whose handwriting is excellent.二 This is my teacher the handwriting of whomis excellent.=This is my teacher of whom the handwritingis excellent.3 .关系副词when, where, why可以相应地转化为介词+ which”结构。(DThis is the house w

28、here/in whichI lived two years ago.(2)Do you remember the day when/on which you joined our club?(3)1 dont know the reason why /for which he said so.4 .介词+关系代词引导的定语从句前常有不定代词some, any, none, both, all, many, a few, few, a little, little, either, neither, one 等修饰。(DHe loves his parents deeply,both of w

29、hom(他们俩)are very kind to him.(2)Up to now, he has written ten storiesKhree of which(其中 3 本)are about country life.5 .介词+关系代词引导的定语从句中，介词的确定常常遵循以下三原则L介词 与先行词的关系2,从句谓语动词的搭配3.整个句子表达的意思。简称“一先，二 动，三意义(DThis is the car/ which I bought last year.(2)This is the car forwhich I paid 100$.(3)This is the car onw

30、hich I spent 100$.(4)This is the car in which I go to work every day.(5)This is the car withoutwhich I cant go to work.(6)This is the car by which the old woman was knocked down.(7)This is the car at which a boy threw a stone.(8)This is the car aboutwhich we talked.(9)This is the car of which the wi

31、ndow was broken.6 .有一些动词短番中的介词是固定搭配，不可以拆开，一般还是放在动语之后， 不提前：(l)He is the student (who/whom/that) the teachers are looking for.(2)The number of the children (who/whom/that) she takes care of is 30.知识点五：非限制性定语从句1.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别观察以下句子，完成下列表格。限制性定语从句：The teacher told me that Tom was the only person t

32、hat I could depend on.China is a country which has a long history.非限制性定语从句：China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful.Last summer I visited Great Hall of the people, in which many important meetings are held every year.He didnt pass the exam, which surprised us.总结：区别限制性定语从句

33、非限制性定语从句形式与主句之间不用逗号隔开与主句之间有逗号隔开功能对先行词进行限定、修饰。如果省去 对先行词作附加说明。去掉后，句子从句部分剩余部分意义便不完整、不 剩余部分的意思仍然完整、明确 明确whichas位置上只放在主句的后面位置灵活,可放在主句之 前、之后或中间搭配上无动词的限制谓语动词通常是表示感觉 或心理活动的动词，如 see, hear, know, expect, remember 等意思上意为“这一点”意为“正如，正像.的那样”翻译先译从句再译先行词主句从句分别翻译2. As与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别先行词名词、代词或名词词组名词、名词词组或整个主句引导词 所

34、有关系词除that和why之外的关系词Ex:AS is often the case, Girls like dolls while boys like guns.(2)Jack has won the first prize, asit often happens.(3)He changed his mind again, whichmade us all angry. 知识点六：定语从句用法的其他注意事项1 .关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，不可省略。Do you know the girl is talking with your mother?(误)The boy you saw jus

35、t now is Toms brother.(IE)2 .定语从句中谓语动词的形式与先行词的单复数保持一致。Titanic is one of the most wonderful movies that have been produced in Hollywood.Titanic is the only one of these wonderful movies that has been produced in Hollywood.3 .当先行词受the same修饰时,偶尔也用that引导定语从句，但与as引导的定 语从句意思有区别。如：She wore the same dress

36、that she wore at Marys wedding.她穿着她在玛丽婚礼 上穿过的同一条连衣裙。She wore the same dress as her younger sister wore, 她穿 着跟她妹妹所穿的一样的连衣裙。一4 .当先行词是当先行词是way(意为“方式、方法”)时,引导定语从句的关系词有下 列三种形式。如：What surprised me was not what he said but the way that/in which/不填he said it.Ex:(l)The way whichhe explained to us was quite s

37、imple(2)The way in whichhe explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand.5 .先行词是time时，若time作“次数”讲时，应用关系代词that引导定语从句,that 可省略;若time作一段时间，时代”讲，应用关系副词when或介词at/ during+ which 引导定语从句。(1)1 could hardly remember how many times( that)Fve failed.(2)This is the second time(that)the President h

38、as visited the country.(3)This was at a time when/during which there were no radios, no telephones or no TVsets.6 .当先行词是 situation, occasion, point (地步,程度),case (情况,例子),position (职位，位置)，scene (场景)等表示抽象“地点的名词作先行词时，若定语从 句中缺少主语、宾语或表语时应用关系代词which, that来引导；若从句中缺少地 点作状语时，用关系副词where来引导定语从句。(DMeasure must b

39、e taken to change the situation whereit is unfavourable to us.(2)Can you think out a situation which/thatcan agree with what he has said ?(3)He has reached a stage wherehe had to give up smoking.(4)He has reached a stage which/thatis important to his whole life.知识点七：定语从句语其拓赢区别1 .定语从句与名词性从句的区别a.CDThe

40、 fact that/whichshe told me yesterday is very important.(2)The fact that she has known the result of the examination is clear.b.(l)jLis known to all that the earth is round.(2)As is known to alhthe earth is round.(3)whatis known to us all is that the earth is round.2 .定语从句与强调句型的区别(DIt was a room whe

41、rewe used to have meeting.(2)It was in the room thatwe used to have meeting.3 .定语从句与并列句的区别(l)Mr li has three daughters,none of whomis an engineer.(2)Mr li has three daughters,but none of themis an engineer.(3)Mr li has three daughters;Theyare doctors.4 .定语从句与状语从句的区别a.(DHe left the key wherehe had be

42、en an hour ago.(2)He left the place wherehe lived for many years.b.(l)He is such a good teacher as we all love and respect.(2)He is such a good teacher thatwe all love and respect him.四.模拟训练,运用自如1. After living in Australia for many years, Louise finally returned to the country whereshe was born.2.

43、There are many good websites where you can check out the latest in the science world.3. Another saying which has come from the fable is “ God helps those whohelp themselves794. Then Needham began his lifelong research, whichended up creating the greatest workScience and civilization in China.5. His

44、interest started a few years ago,whenhe was in college and studying wildlife science.6. There are perhaps 40 million competitive table tennis players and many ordinary people whoplay less seriously.7. No one had tried to understand what the real problem was except the headmaster,whohelped me out sim

45、ply by listening and hugging.8. Finally, after four hours, they arrived at the campsite wheretheir parents were waiting.9. On looking at the spotwherethe bird had risen, I saw two eggs.10. The heart-warming story began in September last year whena woman asked the primary school in her neighborhood t

46、o accept her six-year-old son.11. In the past few years, more than half of the bookstores in China have closed down, whichis the result of the competition with online bookstores.12. For instance, in Lima, the capital of Peru, there are more than 50 Chinese medicine clinics, about 70 percent of which

47、were set up by local doctors13. He was also the one whofounded the Hong Kong daily newspaper Ming Pao in 1959.14. Meanwhile, as the construction goes on, more roads will be built and the Metro system will be expanded, whichcan reduce traffic jams.15. Having tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and diner,which might not be served until 8 o* clock at night.16. Bob is in a hopeless situation, whichwe will keep a very close eye on.17. Take an active part in the activities you enj