高中英语二轮复习英语语法之形容词副词.docx

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1、高三英语二轮复习-形容词与副词学习目标：1 .了解高考中形容词和副词的考情，明确应考方向。2 .掌握形容词和副词的基本用法，突破易混点和难点。一、考情分析和预测考查方向（近5年新课标）名词转换 为形容词形容词和副 词相互转换形容词/副词 的比较等级易混易错 词的误用-ing 与-ed 型形容词考查频率5年8考5年21考5年9考5年9考5年3考预测：1.形容词和副词的基本用法，主要涉及形容词、副词的构词规律。2.形容词和副词的比较等级。3.易混形容词和副词的用法。二、形容词和副词的基本用法（一）形容词和副词的句法功能句型1形容词+名词；或名词/代词+形容词;形容词在句中做定谙。请找出划线形容词所

2、修饰的名词或代词。The children should be given more free time.Ive got something important to tell you.He was the happiest man alive.总结：形容词做定语一般位于被修饰词的前面；表语形容词如alive, alone, awake, asleep等放在名词之后；形容词修饰something等不定代词，需置于不定代词后 面。补充说明：副词也可以作定语，一般放在所修饰的名词之后。The boys there are talking about football.句型2 be/become/g

3、et +形容词（划出做表语的形容词。） She went pale at the news.Words are plentiful but deeds are precious.总结：形容词与连系动词构成系表结构，说明主语的性质和特征。形容词常位于 be, go/get/turn/become, feel/taste/look/sound, prove, seem 之后。补充说明：副词也可以作表语。m sorry but he is not in.对不起，他不在。句型3主语+谓语+宾语+形容词/副词We found the house empty.形容词做宾语补足语,对 补充说明。 The p

4、oor boy was beaten black and blue.形容词做主语补足语,对 补充说明。Keep the fire on for a few minuteso副词做宾语补足语,对 补充说明。总结：形容词和副词都可以做主语补足语和宾语补足语，说明主语或宾语所处的 位置、性质、特征等。这样的谓语常是：feel、find make keep consider leave 等。句型4形容词/副词做状语（请找出做状语的形容词或者副词）He walked in the wind, cold and hungry.Hungry for adventure, I boarded a ship i

5、n Singapore with 2000 passengers and crew.（3）1 gradually recovered from my illness.He is not old enough to join the army.Fortunately, John wasnt in when I calledo总结：形容词做状语，说明主语的情况，表原因/伴随，可放句首、句末、句中。副词做状语，修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或全句。（二）形容词变成副词构词规律词尾类别构词规律示例一般情况直接在词尾加-lyextreme extremely; total一 totally;particul

6、ar一 particularly元音字母+e去e加-lytrue truly辅音字母+y发音为/i/,变y为i再加-lysteady一 steadily； angry一 angrily发音为/ai/,直接加-lyshy一 shyly-11直接加-yfull fully； dull- dully-le变e为ypossible possibly; simple simply； （whole wholly 例外）-ic加-allybasic一 basically, systematic一 systematically ； （publicly 除夕卜）2.形容词、副词比较等级的不规则变化原级比较级最r

7、Wj级good/wellbetterbestbad/badly/illworseworstmany/much（多）moremostlittle（少）lessleastfar（远）farther（多指距离）/ further（多指程度）farthest/furthestoldolder/elderoldest/eldest（三）常见易用错的形容词和副词hard 努力地/ hardly；nearly 几乎/near；late 晚/ later/ lately/ latest；close 靠近/closely；wide 宽地/widelyhigh 高士也/ highly； deep 深 士也/ de

8、eplybe widely known 被广泛了解 think highly of 评价很高 be deeply moved 被深深感 动。（四）形容词、副词的比较级和最高级1 . as+形容词+ （a/an） +名词+as 表示同级比较，注意中间的形容词和名词并 列时各自所在的位置。It is generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science.人们普遍认为，教学是一门科学，同时也是一门艺术。2 . as+形容词/副词的原级+as 与not as/so+形容词/副词的原级+as 表示 同级比较，即两个或两

9、部分人或物在性质上或程度上相同（不同）。The work is not as/so difficult as you imagine.这项工作不是像你想像的那么难。3 . the +比较级+of the two +名词表示两者中较的那个。The taller of the two boys is my brother.两个男孩中较高的那位是我哥哥。4 .a+形容词比较级+ n.After two years research, we have a far better understanding of the disease.研究两年之后，现在我们对这种病有更好的理解。We went to t

10、he USA in search of a better life.为了寻找更美好的生活我们去了美国。5 .比较级的修饰语常见的有：rather, much, still, even, far, any(用于否定句或 疑问句)，a lot, a little, a great deal, by far, a bit 等。The students study even harder than before.学生们学习比以前更努力了。A car runs a great deal faster than a bike.汽车比自行车跑得快得多。6 .最高级最高级的修饰语常见的有：序数词，by far

11、, nearly, almost, by no means, not really, not quite, nothing like。The bridge being built now is by far the longest across the Yellow River.目前正在建的那座桥是横跨黄河之上的桥当中最长的桥。rd like to buy the second most expensive camera.我想买仅次于最贵的照相机。(2)否定词+比较级=最高级。There is no greater love than that of a man who lays down h

12、is life for his friends.为朋友而放弃生命的人的爱是最伟大的爱。一Are you satisfied with what he said at the meeting?你对他在会议上说的满意吗？No. It couldnt have been worse.不，不能再差了。【难点释疑】比较级表示最高级含义1 .比较级+than any other+可数名词单数The Changjiang River is longer than any other river in China. 在中国， 长江比其 他任何一条河流都长。2 .比较级+than all(the) other+

13、可数名词复数China is larger than all the other Asian countries.中国比亚洲的其他国家都大。3 . no/never/nothing.+比较级Nothing is more valuable than time.时间比任何东西都珍贵。4.否定词+不定冠词+形容词的比较级+名词”或否定词+副词的比较级表 示“从未；未曾This film is very moving. I have never seen a better one.这音B 电影彳艮感人,我从没 有看过一部比它更好的。(五)倍数表达法表示倍数的句型：(1)A is +倍数+比较级+ t

14、han + B(2)A 1$ + 倍数 + $ + 原级 + $ + 8(3)A is + 倍数 + the+名词(size, length, height 等)+ of + B(4)A is +倍数+ that+of+B(5)A is+倍数+what引导的名词性从句This building is three times higher than that one.This building is three times as high as that one.This building is three times the height of that one.这个建筑物是那个建筑物的3倍高

15、。The output of this year is 3 times that of 2008.=The output of this year is 3 times what it was in 2008.今年的产量是2008年的三倍。After the new technique was introduced, the factory produced twice as many cars in 2008 as the year before.自从新技术被引进以后，这家工厂2008年生产的小汽车是上一年的两倍。二、形容词和副词高考题例证考查角度1其他此类转换为形容词【填空 1 】（201

16、9 全国 II卷）But then we got an official letter and we were blown away （大吃一惊）, We are so proud of her. IVs（wonder）.【填空 2】（2019 全国 III 卷）They also shared with us many （tradition） stories about Hawaii that were hugely popular with tourists.【改错 1 】（2019 全国 II 卷）First, I wanted to be a fireman, whose unifor

17、m looked so coolly.【改错 2 （2019 全国 III 卷）What I want is not just an ordinarily cafe but a very special one.考查角度2其他此类转换为副词【填空 1 】（2019 全国 I 卷）It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been（poor） studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about

18、 20, 00025, 000 polar bears worldwide.【填空 2】（2019 全国 II 卷）Her years of hard work have（final） been acknowledged after a customer nominated （提名）her to be Cheshires Woman Of The Year.【填空 3】（2019 全国 III 卷）They also shared with us many traditional stories about Hawaii that were （huge） popular with touris

19、ts.考查角度3形容词、副词比较等级及修饰词【填空】（2019 全国 I 卷）Scientists have responded by noting that hungry bears may be congregating （聚集）around human settlements, leading to the illusion （错觉）that populations are（high） than they actually are.【改错】（2019 全国 n 卷）There were two reasons for the decision. One was that I was am

20、azed at the fact that a sick person could feel much more better after seeing a doctor.考查角度4易混、易错形容词或副词的区别【改错 1】（2019 全国 I 卷）1 became interesting in playing football thanks to a small accident.【改错 2】（2019 全国 I 卷）I stopped the ball and kicked it hardly back to the playground.【改错 3 （2019 全国 n 卷）Then, w

21、hen I was in the fifth grade, I wanted to be a teacher because I liked my English teacher too much.改错 4（2019 全国 n 卷）There were two reasons for the decision. One was that I was amazing at the fact that a sick person could feel much better after seeing a doctor. 三、巩固提升高考链接一语法填空1. （2018 全国 I 卷）Accordin

22、g to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years（long） than non-runners. Running is cheap, easy and its always（energy）.2. （2018 全国 n 卷）A taste for meat is（actual） behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle.3. （2018 全国 n 卷）Accor

23、ding to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total（globe） fertilizer （化月巴） consumption.4. （2018 全国 III 卷）He screams the（loud） of all. The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges towards me. I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid looking directly int

24、o his eyes so he doesnt feel （challenge）.5. （2017 全国 I 卷）When fat and salt are removed from food, the food tastes as if is missing something. As a result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even（bad）, the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.6. （2017 全国 I

25、卷）Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack（吃点心）between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However, be（care） not to go to extremes.7. （2017 全国 n 卷）Steam engines were used to pull the carriages and it must have been（fair） unpleasant for the passengers, with al

26、l the smoke and noise.8. （2017 全国 n 卷）The Central London Railway was one of the most （success） of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved extremely popular with the public.9. （2017 全国 III 卷）1 dont want to get too absorbed in modeling

27、. It is （certain） fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal.高考链接短文改错1. （2018 全国 I 卷）My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by selling the fish. I felt happily that their life had improved.2. （2018 全国 III卷）1 had done my homework, but I was shy. I was afraid that to speak in front of a lar

28、ger group of people.3. （2018 全国 HI 卷）At that moment, I remembered that my father once said/*. Immediate, I raised my hand.4. （2017 全国 I 卷）A few minutes late, the instructor asked me to stop the car. It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle of the road. （2 处错误）5. （2017 全国 n 卷）

29、In their spare time, they are interesting in planting vegetables in their garden, which is on the rooftop of their house. They often get up earlier and water the vegetables together. （2 处错误）6. （2017 全国 III 卷）I enjoyed studying difference kinds of cars and planes, playing pop music, and collecting th

30、e late music albums. （2 处错误） 四、课后作业梳理错题，整理笔记并读背。二、形容词和副词高考题例证考查角度 1 wonderful; traditional; coolly一 cool; ordinarily ordinary考查角度 2 poorly; finally; hugely;考查角度3 higher;去掉more考查角度 41 .interesting一interested; 2.hardly hard; 3. too一 very/so;4. amazing一 amazed三、巩固提升高考链接一语法填空1. longer; energetic 2.actually 3.global4.1oudest; challenged5.worse6.careful 7. fairly 8.successful 9.certainly高考链接一短文改错1. happily一 happy 2. larger large 3. Immediate Immediately4late一 later; suddenly sudden 5 interesting一 interested; earlier early6. difference different; late一 latest