2018年高考英语试题(全国卷Ⅰ)答案.doc

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1、2018年全国普通高等学校招生考试(全国卷)英语答案第一部分 听力15 BCCBA 610BABCC 1115ABAAC 1620BCBCA第二部分 阅读理解2125ADDBC 2630CDBCB 3135CADBA 3640BADGF第三部分 语言知识运用4145BCADD 4650CBDCB 5155CACBA 5660DBADA61longer 62to see 63dying 64is 65than 66that/which67causes 68strengthen 69energetic 70it/running 第二部分 阅读理解A21A【解析】根据第一条旅行路线介绍的最后一句“R

2、eserve your spot before availability and the cherry blossoms disappear”可知，选择第一条旅行路线需要提前预订。22D【解析】根据第三条旅行路线介绍中的“Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents, Congress，memorials，and parks”可知，选择这条旅行路线的游客可以在观光过程中听导游讲故事。23D【解析】第四条旅行路线是夜间游览，根据该段介绍的最后一句“All rid

3、ers are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights”可知，该路线为夜间骑车观光的游客提供反光背心和安全灯。B译文：在Save Money：Good Food节目中，她每周拜访不同的家庭，并在厨师Matt Tebbutt的协助下，针对如何减少食物浪费为他们提出建议，同时为他们准备每天花不到5英镑（就可以做一顿好吃的饭菜的）食谱。24B【解析】根据第一段中的“but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role showing families how to prepare delicious

4、 and nutritious meals on a tight budget”可推知，这位电视节目主持人正在主持一档新的节目，介绍如何少花钱做出好吃的饭菜。A项和C项的表述与第一段中的“Good Morning Britains Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning”意思不符，故可排除。文章中提及这个节目能够帮助预算紧张的家庭做出好吃的饭菜，但并没有信息说明Susanna Reid的家庭预算紧张，故可排除D项。25C【解析】根据第二段的第一句“In Save Money：Good Food，she

5、visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under 5 per family a day”可知，在节目中，厨师Matt Tebbutt帮助Susanna Reid给家庭提出关于如何减少食物浪费的建议和准备食谱。26C【解析】上文介绍了Save Money：Good Food这个电视节目的情况，本段介绍了与此相关的节目Save Money：Good

6、 Health的情况，旨在提供一些背景信息。本段不是对前三段内容的概括，可排除A项；本段没有给读者提出建议，可排除B项；本段的目的不是介绍一个新的讨论话题，故可排除D项。27D【解析】本文介绍了由Susanna Reid主持的一档电视节目，给观众介绍如何少花钱做出好吃的又有营养的饭菜，因此本文的最佳标题应为Cooking Well for Less。C28B【解析】根据第一段的最后一句“Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people,

7、they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them”可知，在狩猎时代，人口少，语言却很丰富，故选B。根据第一段第二句“When the world was still populated by huntergatherers, small, tightly knit（联系）groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other”可知，在狩猎时代，小的紧密联系的群体发展了各自独立的语言，故C、D项错误；根据第一段的内容可知，文中未提及狩猎时代语言的发展速度，可排除

8、A项。29C【解析】根据第二段最后一句“In recent centuriesall have caused many languages to disappear，and dominant languages such as English，Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over”可知，近几个世纪以来，随着社会的发展，很多语言已经消失，英语、西班牙语、汉语逐渐占主导地位。complex“复杂的”；advanced“高级的，先进的”；powerful“有影响力的”；modern“现代的”。故选C。30B【解析】根据第三段最后一句“The

9、 median number（中位数）of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that”可知，目前全球不同语言使用人数的中位数仅是6 000，这就意味着世界上有一半的语言的使用人数不到6 000；结合第三段第一句“At present，the world has about 6，800 languages”可知，选B。31C【解析】根据第一段第一句中的“but in recent times there has been les

10、s coming and a lot more going”和第二段可知，随着人类社会的发展，尤其是工业化、全球化以来，很多语言已经消失，即人类的发展使得语言的种类越来越少。故选C。本文并未提及新的语言将会被创造，可排除A项；本文并未提及人们的生活方式反映在语言上，可排除B项；本文并未说明地理决定语言的进化发展，可排除D项。D译文：虽然这个团队的数据只到2007年，但研究人员也探索了如果消费者用多功能的新电子设备（比如可进行文字处理和观看电视的平板电脑）来替换过时设备将会如何。32A【解析】根据对第一段的整体理解可知，与新的电子设备相比，过时电子设备不仅耗能高，而且危害环境，所以可推断出，新的

11、电子设备是环保的，故选A项。根据文章第一段中的“as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things” 可知，新的电子设备耗能低，比旧设备好，故B、C项错；本文未提及电子设备的过时速度快，故D项错。33D【解析】根据文章第二段第一句中的“To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institut

12、e of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life”可知，Babbitt的团队做这项研究的目的是计算电子设备的耗电情况，故选D项。34B【解析】根据文章最后一段最后一句“They found that more ondemand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%”可知，用平板电脑

13、替换电视机和台式电脑会节省44%的能耗，根据第二段中的“LCD TVs enteredshowed up in 2007”可知，平板电脑应比液晶电视耗能低，故选B项。35A【解析】根据文章最后一段第二句中的“the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function”可推断出，文章建议用多功能的新设备来替换过时设备，即停止使用过时设备，故选A项。take apart“拆卸”；upg

14、rade“使升级”；recycle“回收利用”。第二节36B 上文给出了不同的房间风格选择，第一段最后一句又说到“making a room feel the way you want it to feel”可知，此处指不管你在寻找哪种风格，颜色是关键。37A 结合第二段第一句中的“a number of different techniques”以及最后一句给出的三种设计方案可知，此处表示“虽然这些技巧非常有用，但它们会有一点复杂”，故A项符合语境。38D第二段最后一句出现了“the small ones，the medium ones，and the large ones”，第三段提到了“

15、small color choices”，由此可知空处所在段主要在讲“the small ones”，故选D。39G第四段最后一句提到了“a bigger commitment than smaller ones”和“a more powerful effect”可知，此处是和上文中的“small color choices”作对比，故选G。40F 根据第五段第二句提到的“the time，effort and relative expense put into it are significant”可知，此处意在强调所花费的时间、精力和费用是巨大的，由此可推知选F。第三部分语言知识运用第一节

16、41B 我迫不及待地接受(jumped at)了参加这个课程学习的想法。put forward“提出”；try out“试验”；turn down“关小，拒绝”。42C 毕竟，谁不想节省(save)一些钱呢？waste“浪费，花费”；earn“挣，赚得”；pay“付款”。43A 即使我对免费学分不太激动(excited)。worried“担心的”；moved“感动的”；tired“劳累的”。44D关于我们的讲师(instructor)的消息足够吸引我。title“标题，题目”；competitor“竞争者”；textbook“课本”。45D他是一位国际象棋大师，这意味(meant)着我能向象棋

17、界最优秀的人之一学习。urge“敦促”；demand“要求”；hold“举行”。46C参见上题解析。fastest“最快的”；easiest“最容易的”best“最佳的”；rarest“最珍贵的”。47B根据上文对这位国际象棋大师的描述可知，我迫不及待地想见到(meet)他。interview“采访”；challenge“挑战”；beat“打击”。48D Maurice Ashley是善良又聪明的人，这份工作(job)对他来说不是游戏。chance“机会”；qualification“资格”；honor“荣誉”。49C在他的介绍里，他清楚地(clear)说明了我们的学分是必须经过努力才能得到的

18、。real“真的”；perfect“完美的”；possible“可能的”。50B为了通过(pass)这门课程，我们必须写一篇关于如何把课堂所学运用到未来职业中的文章。attend“参加”；skip“跳过”；observe“观察”。51C参见上题解析。add“添加”；expose“暴露，使面临”；apply“应用，运用”；compare“比较”。52A并且最后（eventually）运用到我们的生活中。naturally“自然地”；directly“直接地”；normally“正常地”。53C我设法在那门课程(course)获得了A。game“游戏”；presentation“授予，表现”；ex

19、periment“实验”。54B并且学到一些对我课堂(classroom)之外的生活有用的知识。criterion“标准”；department“部门”；situation“形势”。55A我仍然利用到他教(taught)我的东西。write“写”；question“提问”；promise“承诺”。56D当你下象棋时，你学到的最重要的技能(skill)是如何作出好决定。fact“事实”；step“步骤”；manner“方式”。57B参见上题解析。grade“分数”；decision“决定”；impression“印象”comment“评论”。58A每一步你不得不分析(analyze)情况。des

20、cribe“描述”；rebuild“重建”；control“控制”。59D在所有选择中评估(evaluate)出最好的选择。announce“宣布”；signal“发信号”;block“阻止，限制”。60A我作为记者这一角色(role)，这些话今天听起来仍然是真实的。desire“欲望”；concern“关心”；behavior“行为”。第二节64is考查动词的时态和主谓一致。本文介绍了跑步的好处，通篇以一般现在时为主。本句中宾语从句与主句的时态应保持一致，故用一般现在时；且宾语从句中的主语为it，故用is。65than考查介词。根据句中的more可知，此处应用介词than引出比较对象。此处表

21、示跑步比散步、骑行或游泳更能有效地延长寿命。故填than。66that/which考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处引导定语从句，先行词为a study，且定语从句中缺少主语，故填关系代词that/which。67causes考查名词。此处cause是可数名词，意为“原因”，句中的all表示“所有”，后应用可数名词的复数形式，故填causes。68strengthen考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处为动词不定式作目的状语，故本空应填动词strengthen，意为“增强，加强”。69energetic考查形容词。and连接两个并列分句，两个分句都表示跑步的特征，and前面的cheap和e

22、asy均为形容词，故此处应用形容词energetic作表语，意为“需要能量的，剧烈的”。70it/running考查固定搭配。give it a try为固定搭配，意为“试一试”，根据语境可知，it指代running，故可填it或running。第四部分写作第一节短文改错During my last winter holiday， I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents I a big change there The first time I went there， they were living in a

23、 small house with dogs， ducks， and animals Last winter when I went again， they had a big separate house to raise dozens of They also had a small pond which they raised fish My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by the fish I felt that their life had improved At the end of our trip， I t

24、old my father that I planned to return every two years， he agreed第一处：在countryside前加the。考查冠词。定冠词the用于某些固定习语中，“go to the countryside”意为“去乡下”。第二处：find改为found。考查时态。根据前一句中的时间状语“During my last winter holiday”和下文内容可知，本文讲述作者去年寒假的故事。所以此处应用一般过去时，故把find改为found。第三处：another改为other。考查限定词。another“又一，再一”后跟可数名词单数，可数

25、名词复数前用other“其他的，别的”，故把another改为other。第四处：here改为there。考查副词。come here“来这儿”，go there“去那儿”；此处指去那儿，因此应用there。第五处：chicken改为chickens。考查名词的单复数。短语dozens of之后应接可数名词复数，而此处chicken为可数名词“鸡”，故把chicken改为chickens。第六处：在which前加in或which改为where。考查定语从句。本句中定语从句的先行词是pond，在从句中作地点状语，故应在which前加in或把which改为where。第七处：sell改为selli

26、ng。考查非谓语动词。此处动词位于介词by后，应用动名词作宾语。第八处：happily改为happy。考查形容词。此处felt是系动词，应跟形容词作表语，故把happily改为happy。第九处：删除for。考查介词。惯用语every two years意为“每隔两年”，其前不用介词，故介词for多余。第十处：but改为and。考查连词。根据句意可知，此处表示顺承关系，故把but改为and。第二节书面表达 【写作思路】本文是邮件，与英语书信的格式基本相同。根据写作提示，考生应用英语给新西兰朋友Terry回复一封邮件，给他介绍到中国朋友家里做客的风俗习惯。写作内容主要包括三项：1告诉对方到达时间

27、；2建议他该带的合适的礼物；3简单介绍一下中国的餐桌礼仪。这封邮件由三段组成：第一段陈述写信的背景和写信的目的；第二段陈述写作提示中所列的三个要点；最后一段为结束语。【范文赏读】Dear Terry，I am delighted to know you are invited to a dinner party by your Chinese friend. It is a really good opportunity to experience Chinese cultureNow Id like to offer you some advice.First of all, youd be

28、tter arrive on time because it is polite to be punctual in China. Second, it is a good idea to bring a small gift, such as a bunch of flowers or a box of chocolates if they have young children. Most importantly, the elderly are usually the first to taste the food served on the table because they are

29、 well respected in China. Dont forget to praise your friend for the delicious foods he offersI hope you will have a great time.YoursLi Hua附：听力参考资料Text 1W：James，youve been watching TV for the whole eveningWhats on?M：Its a science program on the origin of the universeIll give a presentation on it in m

30、y class tomorrowText 2M：Hello，do you have The Best of Mozart?W：Um，sorry Weve just sold out， but we can order one for you If you give us your number， well call you when the CD arrives Text 3W：Wed better be going now，or well be late for the train M：No rushIts 8：30 nowWe still have two hoursText 4M：I a

31、m so tired of driving all those hours to work W：Yeah，I know what you meanI used to drive two hours to work each wayBut now I live within walking distance of my officeI dont even need a bikeText 5W：Hi AndyI didnt see you in Professor Smiths class yesterdayWhat happened?M：Well，I had a headache，so I ca

32、lled him and asked for sick leaveText 6W：The biggest mistake I made，uh，was leaving college in my last year， and not completing my educationSo Im thinking of going back to schoolM：School? To study what?W：EcologyIm interested in the relationship between humans and natureM：Cool! Is it what you studied

33、years ago?W：No，I majored in chemistry thenText 7M：Good morning，madamIm your guide for this tripW：How lovely! Could you tell me about the hotel Im going to stay at?M：Yes，of courseThe Grand Hotel opened in 1990 and it sits on the seaside along the South Coast HighwayIt is the most beautiful hotel here

34、W：That sounds great!M：And there are some restaurants outside So at dinner time， youd have a lot of choicesW：Thats really nice I like to have some local foods while traveling What about the scenery around it?M：The hotel has the best views of the Pacific OceanW：Oh， I think I will love this hotelText 8

35、W：Hi， MikeM：Hi， Alice Nice to see you You dont often come hereW：I usually have fast food delivered to my office Just came here for a change today M：The environment here is good， clean and relatively quietW：Yeah， and I heard the food is tasty By the way， are you going to the concert tomorrow evening?

36、 M：Yes Are you?W：Yeah， Catherine was supposed to go with me， but she may have to work extra hours tomorrow Do you know anyone who might like to go?M：No But if you like， I can ask around Er， Joan might want to goW：Oh， yes， she is a great fan of classical music Ill give her a ring after lunch Text 9W：

37、Hi， Ive only just arrivedM：Oh， good Now here are the keys Lets go in There are two apartments The one for rent is on the rightDo come inW：Thank youI like the carpetThe color is nice， isnt it?M：Yes，and this apartment is in good condition Here is your loungeW：Where would we eat? M：There is this corner

38、 here， or you can use your kitchen Come and seeW：The kitchen is quite small M：Yes，but it has everything， cooker， fridge， even a dishwasherW：And there are lots of cupboardsM：Let me show you the bedrooms This is the smaller one W：Its a good size， thoughM：Now come into the other bedroom You can see the

39、 bathroom， tooW：Yes， it is very nice But I will have to ask my friend first， and we will come together I understand it is $800 a monthM：Yes， but a few blocks downtown would be much more expensiveW：Well， thank you I will be in touchText 10M：Thank you very much Thank you DrJohnsonWell，it is really gre

40、at to be back at university again The thing that I want to tell you today is this： education is importantWhen I came to the US，I was only thinking about being a carpenter，but I could not read the newspaper and I could not understand the news on television or movies or anything like this， so I entere

41、d the city college to take English classes for foreign studentsI was very proud that I was going to a college because no one in my family ever went to any college or to any university You know， when you are 15 years old in my country， you finish school and then you learn a tradeAnd thats exactly wha

42、t I did When I was 15 years old， I learned how to be a carpenterA year later， I came to America Luckily， I met a very good teacher who encouraged me to take some math classes， business classes and history classes and I became a full-time college student And today when I look back， Im so happy because you never know where life will take youAll of a sudden，I started making money， because I was really good at mathYou know， how to work out everything with math is so importantThis is something that I learned when I started my own business，which is doing really well