非谓语动词考点分析中学教育高考英语中学教育高考英语.pdf

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1、非谓语动词考点分析 一 非谓语动词的基本特征：非谓语动词有动名词，不定式，分词（现在分词和过去分词）三种，不能单独作谓语。非谓语动词的特点有：1.保留动词的特性，可以有自己的宾语，状语；典型例题:Dont forget _ _ the window before leaving the room.答案(B)A.to have closed B.to close C.having closed D.closing 2.有时态语态意义的变化；非谓语动词 时态意义 语态意义 不定式 将来 主动 to do 被动 to be done-ing分词 进行 主动 doing 被动 being done-e

2、d分词 完成 被动 A bridge being built now 进行被动-正在修建的桥 A bridge to be built next year 将来被动-明年修建的桥 A bridge built two years ago 完成被动-两年前修建的桥 典型例题:Id love _ to your party last Friday if not because of unexpected guests.答案(D)A.to go B.going C.having gone D.to have gone 典型例题:They will do something to make sure

3、that people will not worry about having their cars _ again.答案(D)A.steal B.to steal C.stealing D.stolen 3.还有非动词的特征，相当于名词和形容词；Seeing is believing.百闻不如一见。典型例题:_ tired after a days work,she fell into bed and went straight to sleep.答案(B)A.Felt B.Feeling C.Being felt D.To feel 4.非谓语动词的否定式均在前面加 not。Not hav

4、ing been there before,he got lost soon.典型例题:Alice regretted _ _ to Johns birthday party last Sunday.答案(A)A.not going B.not to go C.not having been going D.not to be going 典型例题:She apologized for _ to attend the birthday party.答案(B)A.her being not able B.her not being able C.her not to be able D.her

5、to be not able 5.非谓语动词作定语时的位置问题：不定式作后置定语，（2）动名词作前置定语，（3）一般情况下单个分词作前置定语，分词短语作后置定语。例如：I have an important meeting to attend.This is a sleeping car.Our country is a developing country.The car ran along the road covered with snow.二 关于不定式的时态和语态 1.时态语态 主动 被动 一般式 to do to be done 进行式 to be doing 完成式 to hav

6、e done to have been done 完成进行式 to have been doing 1)现在时：一般现在时表示的动词，有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。He seems to know this.I hope to see you again.=I hope that Ill see you again.我希望再见到你。2)完成时：表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。Im sorry to have given you so much trouble.He seems to have caught a cold.3)进行时：表示动作正在进行，与

7、谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。He seems to be eating something.4)完成进行时：She is known to have been working on the problem for many years.2.动词不定式考点 1)作主语：不定式作主语时，常用 it 作形式主语，而将作主语的不定式放在句子后部。例如：It is good to help others.帮助他人是件好事。It is exciting to surf the Internet.上网是件令人兴奋的事。典型例题:It is not easy _ the answer to this prob

8、lem.答案(A)A.to figure out B.figuring out C.figure out D.being figured out 典型例题:It seems very difficult _ _.答案(C)A.to stop the child to cry B.restraining the child to cry C.to keep the child from crying D.holding the childs crying 2)作宾语：典型例题:I dont know _ to deal with such matter.答案(B)A.what B.how C.w

9、hich D./典型例题:Ive worked with foreign experts before,so I know what _ in my new job.答案(B)A.expected B.to expect C.to be expecting D.expects 3)作定语：典型例题:Im going to the supermarket this afternoon.Do you have anything _?答案(B)A.to be buying B.to buy C.for buying D.bought 4)作状语：典型例题:Helen had to shout _ a

10、bove the sound of the music.答案(D)A.making herself hear B.to make herself hear C.making herself heard D.to make herself heard 典型例题:Send him to the bakers _ the bread.答案(A)A.to buy B.in order he buy C.for to buy D.for buying 5)作主语补足语或宾语补足语：典型例题:Jimmy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street,but his mo

11、ther told him _.答案(A)A.not to B.not to do C.not do it D.do not to 典型例题:None of them tells us _,so we need your help.答案(C)A.how should we do B.what should we do C.how to do it D.what to do it 典型例题:Alex is said _ abroad,but I dont know what country he studied in.答案(A)A.to have studied B.to study C.to

12、be studying D.to have been studying 6)是否保留不定式符号to 以及特殊语言结构中的不定式形式：(1)在 make;let;have;see;hear;watch;notice;feel 等使役动词和感觉动词后面的复合宾语中，不定式都不带 to，但用在被动式中不定式前面都要加 to。例如：They made him stand still.=He was made to stand still.作谓语非谓语动词的特点有保留动词的特性可以有自己的宾语状语典型例题答案有时态语态意义的变化非谓语动词时态意义语态意义主动被动主动被动被动不定式将来分词进行分词完成进行

13、被动正在修建的桥将来被动明年修建的桥题答案非谓语动词的否定式均在前面加典型例题答案典型例题答案非谓语动词作定语时的位置问题不定式作后置定语动名词作前置定语一般情况下单个分词作前置定语分词短语作后置定语例如二关于不定式的时态和语态时态我希望发生完成进行时动词不定式考点作主语不定式作主语时常用作形式主语而将作主语的不定式放在句子后部例如帮助他人是件好事上网是件令人兴奋的事典型例题答案典型例题答案作宾语典型例题答案典型例题答案作定语典型例题答典型例题:Henry is often seen _ English aloud every morning in the classroom.答案(D)A.r

14、ead B.reads C.being read D.to read (2)在 had better;had best;would rather;cannot but;do nothing but 等结构后面不加 to。例如：Youd better hurry up.I cannot but keep quite.典型例题:Sandy could do nothing but _ to his teacher that he was wrong.答案(A)A.admit B.admitted C.admitting D.to admit 典型例题:In fact,Peter would rat

15、her have left for San Francisco than _ in New York.答案(B)A.to stay B.stayed C.staying D.having stayed 三动名词的考点 1.动名词作主语 Fighting broke out between the South and the North.南方与北方开战了。2.动名词作宾语 动名词和动词不定式都可在句子中作主语和宾语。其区别主要是：动名词表达泛指或抽象的多次性行为；而动词不定式则往往表达具体的或一次性的动作。在某些动词后只能用动名词作宾语，而不能用动词不定式。有这类用法的动词及短语动词常见的有 a

16、dmit,appreciate,avoid,consider(考虑),delay,dislike,enjoy,escape,finish,imagine,include,mind,miss,practice,resist,risk,suggest,cant help(禁不住),feel like,give up 等。例如：Would you mind turning down your radio a little,please?典型例题:During the future examinations you should avoid _ such mistakes.答案(C)A.make B.

17、to make C.making D.made 典型例题:He enjoyed visiting his old friends and _ about old times.答案(A)A.talking B.talked C.talk D.to talk 典型例题:I spent half an hour _ _ this difficult math problem.答案(D)A.to work out B.work out C.worked out D.working out 3.动名词作表语 Her job is washing，cleaning and taking care of t

18、he children.4.动名词的复合结构 名词所有格或形容词性物主代词后加动名词，即构成动名词复合结构。动名词复合结构在句中作主语时，其名词或代词一般用属格；但当动名词复合结构在句中作宾语时，其名词或代词也可用名词通格或代词宾格形式。例如：典型例题:She apologized for _ to take part in the party.答案(D)A.her being not able B.her to be not able C.her not to be able D.her not being able 四 关于分词 1.分词作定语：1)分词前置 We can see the

19、rising sun.我们可以看到东升的旭日 He is a retired worker.他是位退休的工人 2)分词后置(i 分词词组；ii 个别分词如 given,left；iii 修饰不定代词 something 等)There was a girl sitting there.有个女孩坐在那里 This is the question given.这是所给的问题 There is nothing interesting.没有有趣的东西 3)过去分词作定语：与其修饰的词是被动关系，相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。Most of the people invited to the party

20、 were famous scientists.Most of the artists invited to the party were from South Africa.作谓语非谓语动词的特点有保留动词的特性可以有自己的宾语状语典型例题答案有时态语态意义的变化非谓语动词时态意义语态意义主动被动主动被动被动不定式将来分词进行分词完成进行被动正在修建的桥将来被动明年修建的桥题答案非谓语动词的否定式均在前面加典型例题答案典型例题答案非谓语动词作定语时的位置问题不定式作后置定语动名词作前置定语一般情况下单个分词作前置定语分词短语作后置定语例如二关于不定式的时态和语态时态我希望发生完成进行时动词不

21、定式考点作主语不定式作主语时常用作形式主语而将作主语的不定式放在句子后部例如帮助他人是件好事上网是件令人兴奋的事典型例题答案典型例题答案作宾语典型例题答案典型例题答案作定语典型例题答典型例题 1)The first textbook _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.A.have written B.to be written C.being written D.written 答案 D.书与写作是被动关系，应用过去分词做定语表被动，相当于定语从句 which is written

22、 2）Whats the language _ in Germany?A.speaking B.spoken C.be spoken D.to speak 答案 B.主语 language 与谓语动词之间有被动的含义。spoken 是动词 speak 的过去分词形式，在句中作定语，修饰主语 language,spoken 与 language 有被动关系。该句可以理解为：Whats the language(which is)spoken in Germany?2 分词作状语 现在分词的一般式表示该动作在与谓语动作同时发生或在谓语动作之后发生，完成式则表示该动作发生在谓语动作之前，在句中只能作

23、状语表示时间和原因。如：Standing on top of the hill,you can see as far as the seaside.(分词动作与谓语动作同时发生)The fish can eat a person in two minutes,leaving only bones.(分词动作在谓语动作之后发生)Having finished his homework,the boy went out to play football.(分词动作在谓语动作之前发生)现在分词在句中作状语时可表示时间、原因、条件、伴随和结果等。通常可以改为相应的从句或并列句。如：As I didnt

24、 receive any letter from him,I gave him a call.=Not having received any letter from him,I gave him a call.由于没有收到他的信，我给他打了电话。If more attention was given,the trees could have grown better.=Given more attention，the trees could have grown better.假如多给些照顾，那些树会长得更好。Walking along the street,he met his old f

25、riend.(时间)When he was walking along the street,he met his old friend.Not having received his reply,she decided to write a second letter.(原因)Because she hadnt received his reply,she decided to write a second letter.Seeing from the top of the hill,you will find the city more beautiful.(条件)If you see i

26、t from the top of the hill,you will find the city more beautiful.All the students sat in the classroom,waiting for their new English teacher.(伴随)All the students sat in the classroom,and they were waiting for their new English teacher.My parents went to the park yesterday,leaving me alone at home.(结

27、果)My parents went to the park yesterday,and they left me alone at home.典型例题 1）_ some officials,Napoleon inspected his army.A.Followed B.Followed by C.Being followed D.Having been followed 答案 B.Napoleon 与 follow 之间有被动的含义。being followed 除表达被动之外，还有动作正在进行之意。followed by（被跟随）。本题可改为：With some officials fol

28、lowing,Napoleon inspected his army.2）There was a terrible noise _ the sudden burst of light.A.followed B.following C.to be followed D.being followed 答案 B.由于声音在闪电后，因此为声跟随着光，声音为跟随的发出者，为主动。用现在分词。3）_,liquids can be changed into gases.A.Heating B.To be heated C.Heated D.Heat 答案 C.本题要选一分词作为状语。现在分词表主动，正在进行

29、的；过去分词表被动的，已经完成的。对于液体来说是加热的受动者，是被动的，因而选 C。它相当于一个状语从句 When it is heated，注意：选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是主句的主语发出，分词就选用现在分词，反作谓语非谓语动词的特点有保留动词的特性可以有自己的宾语状语典型例题答案有时态语态意义的变化非谓语动词时态意义语态意义主动被动主动被动被动不定式将来分词进行分词完成进行被动正在修建的桥将来被动明年修建的桥题答案非谓语动词的否定式均在前面加典型例题答案典型例题答案非谓语动词作定语时的位置问题不定式作后置定语动名词作前置定语一般情况下单个分词作前置定语分词短语

30、作后置定语例如二关于不定式的时态和语态时态我希望发生完成进行时动词不定式考点作主语不定式作主语时常用作形式主语而将作主语的不定式放在句子后部例如帮助他人是件好事上网是件令人兴奋的事典型例题答案典型例题答案作宾语典型例题答案典型例题答案作定语典型例题答之就用过去分词。(Being)used for a long time,the book looks old.由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧。Using the book,I find it useful.在使用的过程中，我发现这本书很有用。五 With 的复合结构 表伴随时，既可用分词的独立结构，也可用 with 的复合结构，即：with+名

31、词(代词)+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语 举例:He stood there,his hand raised.=He stood there,with his hand raise.典型例题 1)The murder was brought in,with his hands _ behind his back.A.being tied B.having tied C.to be tied D.tied 答案 D.with+名词（代词）+分词+介词短语结构。当分词表示伴随状况时，其主语常常用 with 来引导。由于本句中名词手与分词绑是被动关系，因此用过去分词，选 D.2

32、)Weather_,well go out for a walk.A permitted B permitting C permits D for permitting 答案 B.本题中没有连词，它不是复合句，也不是并列句。句中使用了逗号，且 we 小写，可知其不是两个简单句。能够这样使用的只有独立主格或 with 的复合结构。据此判断，本句中使用的是独立结构，其结构为：名词+分词。由于permit 在这里翻译为天气允许，表主动，应用现在分词，故选 B。如果不会判断独立结构作状语的形式，不妨将句子改为条件句，例如本句改为 If weather permits,well go out for a

33、 walk.然后将 if 去掉，再将谓语动词改为非谓语动词即可。跟踪练习：1.The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if _ whether he was going in the right direction.答案(D)A.seeing B.having seen C.to have seen D.to see 2.There are ten waiting-rooms at the station,_ in all 5,000 people.答案(D)A.sat B.sitting C.seated D.seating 3.

34、According to a recent U.S.survey,children spent up to 25 hours a week _ TV.答案(C)A.to watch B.to watching C.watching D.watch 4.I certainly tried to explain his ideas but I am still at a loss _ his points.答案(D)A.and see B.for seeing C.to see D.seeing 5.While _ your imagination,you should be alone and

35、completely undisturbed.答案(A)A.exercising B.exercises C.to exercise D.exercised 6.Do you feel like _ today?答案(B)A.having something special eaten B.having something special to eat C.to have something special eaten D.to have something special to eat 7._ by the look on his face,he didnt catch what I rea

36、lly meant.答案(B)A.Judging B.Judged C.Judge D.To judge 8.The retired man is used to _ his two dogs early in the morning.答案(B)A.exercise B.exercising C.exercised D.exercises 9.We welcome our teachers _ at the gate of our school.答案(A)A.with flowers in our hands B.carry flowers in our hands 作谓语非谓语动词的特点有保

37、留动词的特性可以有自己的宾语状语典型例题答案有时态语态意义的变化非谓语动词时态意义语态意义主动被动主动被动被动不定式将来分词进行分词完成进行被动正在修建的桥将来被动明年修建的桥题答案非谓语动词的否定式均在前面加典型例题答案典型例题答案非谓语动词作定语时的位置问题不定式作后置定语动名词作前置定语一般情况下单个分词作前置定语分词短语作后置定语例如二关于不定式的时态和语态时态我希望发生完成进行时动词不定式考点作主语不定式作主语时常用作形式主语而将作主语的不定式放在句子后部例如帮助他人是件好事上网是件令人兴奋的事典型例题答案典型例题答案作宾语典型例题答案典型例题答案作定语典型例题答C.flowers

38、in our hands D.we carry flowers in our hands 10.The parents,_ _ poor,could not buy a present for their only child.答案(C)A.are B.were C.being D.been 11.Although punctual himself,the professor was quite used _ late for his lecture.答案(B)A.to have students B.to students being C.for students to be D.for s

39、tudents being 12.We watched the plane _ behind the clouds.答案(D)A.is disappearing B.disappeared C.being disappeared D.disappearing 13.Every organism produces waste products no longer useful to itself and which _ to accumulate would in fact be harmful.答案(D)A.if they allowed B.if were allowed C.if was

40、allows D.if allowed 14.The speaker found it hard to make himself _.答案(D)A.to understand B.understanding C.to be understood D.understood 15.We left the meeting,there obviously _ no point in staying.答案(B)A.were B.being C.to be D.having 16._ from heart trouble for years,Professor White has to take some

41、 medicine with him wherever he goes.答案(C)A.Suffered B.Suffering C.Having suffered D.Being suffered 17.He missed _ the lecture given by Tom.答案(B)A.to have attended B.attending C.to attend D.attendance 18.Every new thought or idea has to _ when we already know.答案(C)A.be connect with B.be connected C.b

42、e connected to D.be connecting to 19.Would you mind _ earlier next time?答案(C)A.to come B.have come C.coming D.would come 20._,Newton was thinking and thinking.答案(D)A.He lied under the apple tree B.Laying under the apple tree C.He laid under the apple tree D.Lying under the apple tree 21.Do you know

43、_ in English?答案(B)A.how say it B.how to say it C.how saying it D.how to saying it 22._,they immediately left the house.答案(B)A.Being heard the noise B.Hearing the noise C.They heard the noise D.They were hearing the noise 23.Samuel Clemens,_ _ as Mark Twain,was one of the most famous American writers

44、.答案(C)A.to know B.to be known C.known D.knowing 24._ his letter,a campaign against white pollution has been under taken in his hometown.答案(C)A.Judge by B.Judges from C.Judging from D.Judge from 25._ their works will give us a much better feel for the sharp differences between the two scholars of tho

45、ught.答案(C)A.To have reviewed B.Having received C.Reviewing D.Being reviewed 26.The traveler,_ inexperienced,doesnt know how to plan a trip.答案(B)A.to be B.being C.is D.as being 27.The headmaster came to the classroom and asked _ what had happened.答案(A)A.his students to tell him B.being told C.telling

46、 him D.to tell 28._,the woman screamed on the phone to report it to the police.答案(C)A.Her little boy was kidnapped B.Since her little boy being kidnapped C.Finding her little boy kidnapped D.Her little boy found kidnapped 29._ with you,I have a long way to go.答案(A)A.Compared B.Comparing C.To compare

47、 D.Compare 30.I wont be able to go on holiday _.答案(D)A.with my mother been ill B.with my mother to be ill C.with my mother be ill D.with my mother being ill 作谓语非谓语动词的特点有保留动词的特性可以有自己的宾语状语典型例题答案有时态语态意义的变化非谓语动词时态意义语态意义主动被动主动被动被动不定式将来分词进行分词完成进行被动正在修建的桥将来被动明年修建的桥题答案非谓语动词的否定式均在前面加典型例题答案典型例题答案非谓语动词作定语时的位置问题不定式作后置定语动名词作前置定语一般情况下单个分词作前置定语分词短语作后置定语例如二关于不定式的时态和语态时态我希望发生完成进行时动词不定式考点作主语不定式作主语时常用作形式主语而将作主语的不定式放在句子后部例如帮助他人是件好事上网是件令人兴奋的事典型例题答案典型例题答案作宾语典型例题答案典型例题答案作定语典型例题答