亚开行-《2030年战略》能源部门方向指南摘要：亚太地区包容性、公正性和可负担的低碳转型（英）-2023-WN7.pdf

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1、Strategy 2030ENERGY SECTOR DIRECTIONAL GUIDE SUMMARYInclusive,Just,and Affordable Low-Carbon Transition in Asia and the PacificThis Energy Sector Directional Guide(ESDG)provides the strategic direction of the Asian Development Bank(ADB)for the energy sector.The ESDG assesses the current energy secto

2、r trends,challenges,and opportunities,and how ADB can best position itself to add value to energy sector development in the Asia and Pacific region.The guide also outlines the priorities and focus for the energy sector in line with ADBs Strategy 2030.The guide aims to support ADB staff in conducting

3、 energy sector operations in line with the 2021 Energy Policy up to 2030.The five policy principles of the 2021 Energy Policy are also the foundations of this ESDG and comprise the ESDGs vision and approach.The ESDG aligns with Strategy 2030 and its seven operational priorities.Where We AreEnergy cu

4、ts across all aspects of development and is essential to inclusive socioeconomic development and gender equality.As such,energy plays an important role in supporting development of other sectors such as agriculture,education,health,transport,urban,and water.On the other hand,energy production and co

5、nsumption are responsible for almost three-quarters of global greenhouse gas emissions.This places the energy sector at the forefront of global eforts to address the impact of energy use on climate and environment.The energy landscape has changed radically over the last decade.The Sustainable Develo

6、pment Goals(established in 2015),the Paris Agreement on climate change(adopted in 2015),and ADBs Strategy 2030,published in 2018,set ambitious targets for providing reliable energy access to all,and amplified the calls for action on climate change.The main challenges and emerging needs for ADBs deve

7、loping member countries(DMCs)in the energy sector still lie in ensuring(i)universal access to electricity,and clean cooking,heating,and cooling options for all households;(ii)energy security to support economic growth;(iii)sustainability across the dimensions of financial viability,efective operatio

8、n and maintenance of infrastructure,resilience to climate change and extreme events,climate mitigation via lower-carbon use,health,and environmental impacts;and(iv)sector governance,including regulations,utilities performance,and private sector participation.ADBs energy sector operations have played

9、 a substantial role in delivering energy access,contributing to economic development,and improving lives throughout the region.However,achieving universal energy access to a reliable,efcient,and afordable energy supply across the region,and supporting a low-carbon transition still requiret mobilizin

10、g substantial eforts and resources.A sector-wide evaluation in 2020 by ADBs Independent Evaluation Department found that ADBs 2009 Energy Policy had been aligned with the needs of the energy sectors in ADBs DMCs and Strategy 2020 and was relevant to the ADB program during the review period.However,t

11、he 2009 Energy Policy was no longer aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals,the Paris Agreement,and ADBs Strategy 2030,thus needing an update.The new Energy Policy of ADB was approved in October 2021.The vision of ADBs 2021 Energy Policy is“supporting low-carbon transition in Asia and the Pac

12、ific.”The objectives of the sector operations are to help ADBs DMCs accelerate the development of sustainable and resilient energy systems that provide reliable and afordable access for all,foster inclusive and environmentally sustainable economic growth and social development,and support the low-ca

13、rbon transition in Asia and the Pacific.From left:Children in the Tondo neigborhood in Manila study by compact fluorescent light(CFL)bulb;lower electricity bills help small stall owners.Where We Want to BeFrom left:The Theppana Wind Farm provides electricity in a farmland in Thailand;Department of E

14、nergy technician in Manila tests CFL bulbs.To achieve the energy sectors vision and objectives,ADBs 2021 Energy Policy was developed based on the following five principles:i.Supporting eforts to bring afordable,reliable,sustainable,and modern energy to all,to eradicate extreme poverty and reduce soc

15、ial inequalities;ii.Supporting DMCs to tackle climate change,enhance environmental sustainability,and build climate and disaster resilience;iii.Supporting the institutional development,financial sustainability,and good governance of energy sector institutions,companies,and private sector participati

16、on,and assisting in creating the policy frameworks needed to manage the energy transition;iv.Promoting regional energy cooperation and the integration of energy systems to strengthen energy security and increase cross-border access to cleaner energy sources;and,v.Continuing to combine finance,knowle

17、dge,partnerships,and its country-focused approach to deliver integrated solutions with comprehensive and magnified development impacts.Recognizing the massive financing needs in the energy sector across the region,ADBs resources must be prioritized to tackle the most demanding energy challenges.ADBs

18、 assistance will focus on meeting the emerging needs and adding value to its clients in the region.This ESDG adopts a common but diferentiated approach in line with each DMCs level of economic development,resource endowment,respective capabilities,and nationally determined low-carbon transition path

19、way.The areas of delivery will focus on the“4Ds”decarbonization,decreasing energy intensity,digitalization,and decentralization.ADB will facilitate the low-carbon transition by assisting its DMCs ini.accelerating the deployment of renewable energy,ii.pursuing strategic decarbonization and the phase-

20、out of coal while ensuring a just transition,andiii.developing policies and regulations to support low-carbon technologies and introducing market-based instruments including carbon pricing.Likewise,ADB will support its DMCs in increasing energy efciency investments to reduce energy intensity and exp

21、and energy productivity.ADB will support demand-side energy efciency planning and implementation and promote minimum energy performance standards for appliances and equipment,fuel economy standards for vehicles,standards for electric motors in industry,mandatory energy audits,and energy management p

22、olicies for large industrial and commercial companies and building codes.ADB will help deploy digital technologies such as smart meters to reduce technical and commercial losses and encourage demand-side energy efciency,peer-to-peer trading using blockchain technology for energy markets,and artifici

23、al intelligence for predictive grid management and grid resilience.ADB will support low-carbon,decentralized technologies such as distributed generation,renewable-energy-based micro and/or mini-grids,home systems,and energy storage systems.It will also support increased competition and private secto

24、r participation in DMCs energy markets to contribute greater dynamism to the energy sector and take advantage of opportunities created by new technologies and business models.The energy sector will prioritize essential energy access in the poorest and most vulnerable countries through greater use of

25、 low-carbon and renewable energy sources and rehabilitate infrastructure to enhance energy security and climate resilience.In low-income and lower-middle-income countries,ADB will continue to support reforms in the energy sector,including reforms of state-owned enterprises;the development of green a

26、nd inclusive energy infrastructure to enhance productivity and competitiveness;the promotion of gender equality;and greater participation of the private sector in delivering energy infrastructure and services.Source:Asian Development Bank.Areas of DeliveryDecarbonizationDecreasing energy intensityDi

27、gitalizationDecentralizationEnergy Sector Vision and ApproachSupporting Just Low-Carbon Transition in Asia and the Pacific:Confronting Climate Change ChallengePrinciple 1Securing Energy for a Prosperous and Inclusive Asia and the PacificPrinciple 2Building a Sustainable and Resilient Energy FuturePr

28、inciple 3Supporting Institutions,Private Sector Participation,and Good GovernancePrinciple 4Promoting Regional Cooperation and IntegrationPrinciple 5Integrated Cross-Sector Operations to Maximize Development ImpactWhat We Will DoSource:Asian Development Bank.ADB will promote poverty reduction,sustai

29、nable and inclusive growth,and regional integration,and facilitate a just low-carbon energy transition in Asia and the Pacific.As a trusted development partner,ADB will combine finance,knowledge,and partnerships to optimize its value addition in its support to sustainable development priorities of i

30、ts DMCs.In accordance with the 2021 Energy Policy,ADBs energy sector operations will support energy access,energy security,environmental sustainability,and sector governance to strengthen the energy sector of the region.Implementation of the 2021 Energy Policy will focus on the following:i.confronti

31、ng climate change by facilitating a just low-carbon energy transition through a common but diferentiated approach and integrated energy planning;ii.supporting DMCs in implementing just energy transition and innovative energy transition mechanisms;iii.expanding support for demand-side energy efciency

32、 including demand response;iv.supporting digitalization and smart power systems for increased clean energy deployment including demand-response and efcient power system management;andv.leveraging advanced clean energy technologies and commercial financing to accelerate the energy transition through

33、the One ADB approach,innovative financing mechanisms and business models,and decentralized energy systems.The ESDG implementation period will be from 2022 to 2030,which aligns with the efectivity of Strategy 2030.The directional guide is designed to be a living document,to be updated as needed to re

34、main relevant to the dynamic energy context of Asia and the Pacific.A midterm review is to be conducted following the expected review of the Energy Policy in 2025.Intermediate OutcomesImpactUniversal energy access including clean cooking/heatingAchieve the vision for an inclusive,just,and afordable

35、low-carbon transition in Asia and the PacificCommunities with improved climate and disaster resilienceFinancially sustainable and afordable energy servicesIncreased energy security and cross-border access to cleaner energy resourcesIntegrated solutions with magnified development impactsImmediate Out

36、comesIncreased generation and training and development capacities and last-mile electrificationIncreased greenhouse gas reduction,renewable energy(RE)capacities,and saved energy systems upgradedAgencies with improved governance and increased private sector participationIncreased cross-border energy

37、trading and RE resource sharingIncreased cross-sector projectsOutputsIncreased capacity and electrificationPromote green and resilient infrastructure,circular economy,and decarbonization including Energy Transition MechanismReform policies and institutions with adequate attention to vulnerable group

38、s and stimulate private investmentPromote cross-border energy trading investmentDeveloping integrated cross-border solutionsSector Guiding PrinciplesSecuring Energy for a Prosperous and Inclusive Asia and the PacificBuilding a Sustainable and Resilient Energy FutureSupporting Institutions,Private Se

39、ctor Participation,and Good GovernancePromoting Regional Cooperation and IntegrationIntegrated Cross-Sector Operations to Maximum Development ImpactDownload the Energy Sector Directional Guide.For more information,please contactPriyantha WijayatungaChief of Energy Sector Group,Asian Development Bank

40、E-mail:pwijayatungaadb.orgCover design by Kris Guico.On the cover(from top left,clockwise),staff cleans the solar panels at the Rarotonga airport solar power project site in Cook Islands;high-voltage power lines in Nepal;100 MW wind farm constructed in Mannar Island in the Northern Province of Sri L

41、anka;solar power home system installed in Nepal.All photos are by ADB.Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license(CC BY 3.0 IGO)2023 ADB.The CC license does not apply to non-ADB copyright materials in this publication.https:/www.adb.org/terms-use#openaccess http:/www.adb.org/publications/corrigenda Publication Stock Number:ARM230208-2 pubsmarketingadb.org