亚太能源转型中绿领劳动力的兴起-78页-WN7.pdf

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1、1Work towards netzero in Asia Pacific The rise of the Green Collarworkforce in a just transitionJune 20232Work towards net zero in Asia PacificWork towards net zero in Asia Pacific01Contents0102030405060708Foreword 02Executive summary 04Asia Pacifics workforce vulnerability 12The rise of the Green C

2、ollar workforce in Asia Pacific 18Securing a just transition 26How Asia Pacific governments can lead the workforce transition 32The Green Collar workforce policy agenda 40Technical appendix 6202Work towards net zero in Asia PacificWe have entered the period of consequences of inaction on climate cha

3、nge.Due to the increasing frequency alongside intensity of extreme weather and existing socioeconomic vulnerabilities,the Asia Pacific region is one of the worlds most exposed regions to climate change.These two factors are causing immense suffering and vast damage to our communities,ecosystems and

4、infrastructure without rapid decarbonisation,the losses will continue to mount.The decisions Asia Pacific leaders make over the next decade will be felt across the world.But currently the collective climate commitments of Asia Pacific countries and all countries globally are falling short of what is

5、 needed to avert the worst impacts of climate change.Through coordinated action,Asia Pacific countries can drive global efforts to turn the tide on the climate crisis and reap the benefits of global leadership.But we need the skills to drive the transition and harness Asia Pacifics unique position,e

6、nsuring people are equitably equipped,prepared and able to be resilient as we contend with the ongoing impacts of climate change while enabling the required economic transitions.Harnessing the power of Asia Pacific workforce will be the difference between success and failure.People,their ingenuity,h

7、ard work,and determination,will create the solutions needed to solve the worlds most pressing climate challenges.Starting with decarbonisation,we must transform the underlying production systems of our economy,embracing circularity,biodiversity,artificial intelligence,robotics,digital manufacturing,

8、and smart infrastructure.We have some of the worlds brightest talent and we are starting to witness the rise of a Green Collar workforce.In fact,Deloitte estimates 80%of the skills needed for the zeroemissions transition in the shorttomedium term already exist in todays workforce.However,over 40%of

9、Asia Pacific workers are currently employed in industries that are under threat from climate change and the transition to net zero.The global struggle against climate change must be fought and won in Asia Pacific.03How governments act individually and collectively to support these workers to adapt,c

10、ontribute and thrive as our economy transforms will be one of the biggest determinates of equality in the coming decades.No country can do it alone,but together it is possible to influence a just transition where the benefits far surpass the cost.In this report we present our Green Collar workforce

11、policy agenda to demonstrate how Asia Pacific governments can lead the way in tackling the climate crisis,while increasing the resilience of those most vulnerable and ensuring equitable employment outcomes.If we get this right,we can turn devastating losses into extraordinary economic growth and cre

12、ate 180 million jobs along the way.We have a narrow window of time to secure a sustainable and prosperous future.With the world at stake,there is no time to waste.Will SymonsSustainability&Climate Leader,Deloitte Asia Pacific Dr.Pradeep PhilipLead Partner,Deloitte Access Economics04Work towards net

13、zero in Asia PacificExecutive summary020506Work towards net zero in Asia Pacific Asia Pacific has much to gain from investing in green innovation and decarbonisation,and the most to lose from inaction.Workers will be the foundation of the net zero transition.How leaders invest in the development and

14、 resiliency of their workforce will determine if the climate challenge is won or lost.Climate inaction is the greatest threat to the Asia Pacific region,but a poorly planned transition could perpetuate inequalities and curb growth.Temperatures are rising twice as fast in Asia as anywhere else in the

15、 world1.The increasing frequency of climate-related disasters is devastating ecosystems and communities and translating into painful commercial and economic losses.Asia Pacific countries face the dual risk of being highly exposed to the physical impacts of climate change,and a high employment rate i

16、n industries that will face disruption from the low emissions transition.The Deloitte Economics Institute estimates that 43%of workers in the region are employed in vulnerable sectors such as agriculture,conventional energy,manufacturing,transportation,and construction.China and India are expected t

17、o contribute around half of global economic growth this year with the rest of Asia Pacific contributing an additional fifth2.However this growth means that the region is also the source of over half of global greenhouse gas emissions.Rapid decarbonisation in Asia Pacific is critical to tackling the

18、climate crisis,but countries must strike a delicate balance to ensure the transition focuses on distribution and growth quality to ensure equitable outcomes for all regions and communities.Transforming Asia Pacific economies to net zero is an unprecedented economic opportunity with the potential to

19、create 180 million jobs.Deloittes Turning Point research showed that accelerated climate action can significantly boost GDP and drive phenomenal growth in Asia Pacific3.With abundant natural,human and technological capital,the region is uniquely positioned to build and scale the solutions needed to

20、accelerate the global transition to net zero.Asia Pacifics strengths in industrial and digital technologies offer significant opportunities for leadership across the future of all low-carbon systems,including mobility,energy,manufacturing,food and land use.If Asia Pacific countries seize the decarbo

21、nisation opportunity,they could add$47 trillion to the regions economies by 2070 and create 180 million jobs by 20504.A focus on green skills can chart the path to climate-resilient growth and shared prosperity.Reaching net zero and averting the worst impacts of climate change will require a highly

22、skilled workforce to drive the transition.Governments must partner with businesses,education,and training institutions to ensure that,as the transition unfolds,the right skills are available at the right time.Building this adaptive pipeline of green talent will require significant investment in educ

23、ation and training systems across the Asia Pacific region.Careful planning is needed to protect workers whose jobs are disrupted and support them to adapt,upskill or transition into highervalue employment pathways.Universal social protection systems and skills promotion will be critical components t

24、o facilitate a just transition,and protect people and economies from climate change.Climate inaction is the greatest threat to the Asia Pacific region,but a poorly planned transition could perpetuate inequalities and curb growth.07A Green Collar workforce is emerging,but green skills policy readines

25、s varies widely across Asia Pacific.As Asia Pacific countries step up their decarbonisation commitments a new Green Collar workforce is emerging.The region has strong pools of science,technology,engineering and math(STEM)talent and is seeing significant employment growth in sectors like renewable en

26、ergy.However,currently the collective climate commitments of the region need to catch up to what is necessary to limit climate change5.Similarly,green skills policy readiness varies widely,and some need to develop robust social protections and put just transition plans in place.In a region shaped by

27、 diverse levels of wealth and economic maturity,as well as varying levels of development and social progress,it is essential to recognise that every country has a different starting point and unique challenges.Overcoming these will require an unprecedented effort with radical collaboration across bo

28、rders and industries.Proactive public policy must step up to drive a prosperous and equitable future for all.The Deloitte Economic Institute has developed a Green Collar workforce policy agenda to guide decision-makers on how to support industries and workers to adapt to a new economy.This report bu

29、ilds on how Asia Pacific leaders can lead the way by accelerating climate action,while ensuring equitable outcomes for all citizens.Throughout this report,we have included examples of ongoing green skills initiatives in our region to demonstrate the power of collective action to protect our planet a

30、nd the prosperity of future generations.08Work towards net zero in Asia Pacific1/Set ambitious interim targetsSetting purposeful interim targets can stimulate investment and direct it to areas of the economy that will deliver strong and equitable growth.This supports industries,businesses and indivi

31、duals to make effective investment decisions for a timely and coordinated transition.Design new industrial policyAs sectors transform,they will become increasingly interconnected and the decarbonisation of certain sectors like power and hydrogen will underpin the decarbonisation of others.Government

32、s have an important role as ecosystem architects,co-ordinating efforts and attracting green talent to the biggest areas of opportunity.Create high-value jobs for transition pathways A just transition must create decent work and viable,fulfilling job opportunities that contribute to meeting regional

33、and global climate challenges.Policy settings must ensure employment pathways with better outcomes in terms of wage,working conditions and job security.2/3/Green Collar workforce policy agenda09Ensure an adaptive skills and education pipelineReaching net zero will require a dynamic approach to skill

34、s development,with policymakers collaborating with businesses,education and training providers to cultivate both the skills needed now and in the future to become low emissions.Target workforce policy to direct skills where they are neededThe unique labour markets of Asia Pacific require a different

35、iated public policy approach.Labour mobility policy will be critical to both driving equity and meeting demand in expanding sectors.4/5/Definition:Green skills an umbrella term for the technical skills,knowledge,behaviours,and capabilities required to tackle environmental challenges and unlock new o

36、pportunities for growth.Our definition of environmental challenges extends beyond net zero ambitions to include nature and biodiversity,climate change and decarbonisation,and waste and pollution reduction.10Work towards net zero in Asia PacificSeizing Asia Pacifics opportunity for a better,greener f

37、uture43%are employed in industries that are vulnerable to climate extremes and economic transition impacts But,if Asia Pacific economies rapidly decarbonise and make the transition work for all180millionjobs can be created by 2050of the workforce in Asia Pacific Figure 1:Asia Pacifics net zero oppor

38、tunity11Strong climate action could deliver to Asia Pacific economies by 20706$47trillion80%of the skills required to achieve net zero emissions by 2050 already exist.Asia Pacific leaders must support and empower disrupted workers to enable a just transition for its people and the planet.Workers wil

39、l be the foundation of the climate led transformation12Work towards net zero in Asia Pacific03Asia Pacifics workforce vulnerability1314Work towards net zero in Asia Pacific43%of the Asia Pacificworkforce are in vulnerable industriesFigure 2:Share of vulnerable workforce across Asia Pacificof workfor

40、ce vulnerable of workforce vulnerable of workforce vulnerable 43%38%The SCGJ expects the clean energy shift in India to create over 30 million jobs by 2047.26%Ambitious targets to generate most electricity from renewable sources by 2030 will see an influx in skills and jobs for construction,maintena

41、nce and operation of renewable power.Almost two-thirds of the worlds renewable energy jobs are in Asia,with China alone accounting for 42%of the global total in 2022.INDIAAUSTRALIAASEAN1548%of workforce vulnerable of workforce vulnerable of workforce vulnerable of workforce vulnerable 36%31%Almost t

42、wo-thirds of the worlds renewable energy jobs are in Asia,with China alone accounting for 42%of the global total in 2022.The country has launched several initiatives to promote green skills development,including the Green New Deal,which aims to create new jobs in the areas of renewable energy,energy

43、 efficiency,and green transport.Japan has set a target to achieve net zero emissions by 2050 and is investing in renewable energy sources,including wind,solar,and hydrogen.The country has launched several initiatives to promote green skills development,including the Green Growth Strategy,which aims

44、to create new jobs in the areas of renewable energy and energy efficiency.CHINASOUTH KOREAJAPAN24%Oceania(excluding Australia)such as New Zealand,Fiji,Papua New Guinea and other Pacific Islands face an average of 24%workforce vulnerability.OCEANIA16Work towards net zero in Asia PacificAsia Pacific h

45、as experienced rapid growth over the past decades,but these hard-earned gains in prosperity risk being eroded by climate change.If the world fails to rapidly decarbonise by 2050,productivity will decline,investment and innovation will slow and social progress will slip7.With dense urban populations,

46、extensive coastlines,low-lying territories and small island states,the Asia Pacific region is highly susceptible to extreme weather events,sea level rises and global warming along with existing socio-economic vulnerabilities.These factors are already impacting workers and their employers today;in De

47、loittes CxO Sustainability research,44%of Asia Pacific business leaders reported that their employees are facing physical health challenges due to climate change and 45%are experiencing disruption to their operations from climate-related disasters and weather events8.Meanwhile,the regions high share

48、 of emissionsintensive industries means millions of workers and their communities depend on activities that will need to be replaced by zero-emission alternatives.Deloitte Economic Institutes Job Vulnerability Index found that Asia Pacific regions have the highest job vulnerability in the world.This

49、 ranges from around a quarter of the workforce in advanced economies like Australia,New Zealand and Singapore,to over 40%of the workforce in emissionsintensive economies like China and India.The Deloitte Job Vulnerability IndexThe Deloitte Vulnerability Index identifies employed workers who are the

50、most vulnerable to the physical impacts of climate damage and the economic transition to net zero.Using 2021 employment data,the Index identifies the following five industries as the most vulnerable:agriculture,conventional energy,heavy industry and manufacturing,transport,and construction.A country