中考英语专题复习-名词课件.pptx

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1、中考英语专题 名词在中考中,对于名词的考查多集中在具体语言环境下名词词义的辨析上。综合分析这几年的中考真题,总结出一些常考的名词。具体如下:Aactivity活动address地址advantage优势ad-vice建议attention注意athlete运动员action行动ability能力Bbalance平衡business商业,生意background背景break间歇;休息Cchallenge挑战chance机会change变化;零钱collection收集物contribution贡献choice选择cause原因custom风俗courage勇气com-munication交流c

2、ondition条件,状况culture文化名词词义辨析Ddecision决定design设计difference不同,差异discussion讨论duty责任;义务distance距离description描述director导演;负责人danger危险direction说明;方向difficulty困难discovery发现diet日常饮食Eeducation教育effort努力energy能量;精力experiment实验expression表达environment环境excuse借口exhibition展览experience经验;经历explanation解释;说明example实

3、例,样品exer-cise练习Ffact事实fear害怕,恐惧field田野;场地;领域feeling感觉fun乐趣fight奋斗;战斗force力,力量friendship友谊future未来Hhabit习惯hobby业余爱好honour荣誉health健康hope希望honesty诚实Iinformation信息idea想法,主意interest兴趣importance重要性invention发明interview面试;访谈influence影响(力)instruction指示,命令invita-tion邀请instrument器械,仪器introduction介绍Jjob工作,职业jok

4、e笑话,玩笑journey(尤指长途)旅行,行程journalist新闻记者Kknowledge知识Llanguage语言lesson课程;教训level水平life(pl.lives)生活;生命list名单,清单luck幸运,运气Mmaterial材料meaning意义,意思member成员mess杂乱mood心情message消息method方法mind头脑,心智Nnature自然news新闻note笔记notice通知number号码;数字noise噪音Ooffer提议;出价opinion意见,看法opportunity机会organization机构;组织object物体,物品orde

5、r命令Ppain痛苦,疼痛patience耐心peace和平pro-tection保护praise表扬patient病人progress进步problem问题promise承诺pride骄傲pity遗憾pleasure高兴,愉快present现在;礼物price价格program节目purpose目的Qquality品质,质量quantity数量quarrel争吵,吵架question疑问,问题Rreason理由;原因result结果report报告re-search研究;调查regret遗憾,懊悔relationship关系reply回复rule规则Sservice服务shape形状;外形s

6、tranger陌生人safety安全saying格言secret秘密sight视力;景象style样式;款式support支持sign标志silence沉默skill技艺,技巧success成功sug-gestion建议sense感觉;意识situation情况system系统surface表面space太空;空间Ttechnology技术tourist游客tradition传统traf-fic车辆;交通trouble困难taste味觉;品味temperature温度trade贸易treat款待,招待truth实情thought思想,思考treasure珠宝;宝藏transport交通运输Vv

7、oice嗓音volunteer志愿者value价值victory胜利Wwaste浪费;废品way方式;道路wealth财富weight重量wish愿望,祝愿即时训练单项选择InChina,weuseredpaperforhongbaobecauseredmeansgoodluck.That sinteresting!IwanttoknowalltheChineseA.A.traditionsB.sentencesC.noticesD.problemsMr.HuangisanexcellentEnglishteacherwhohasover20years teachingA.A.experien

8、ceB.informationC.knowledgeHegetsupearlyandexerciseseveryday.It sagoodB.A.hobbyB.habitC.dietD.advantageA12-year-oldboyfromHunaninventedanewkindofwindowbecauseofhisD.Thewindowcanpreventchildrenfromfallingout.A.communicationB.celebrationC.honestyD.creativityWhileshewasinMilan,shedevelopedaCforfineart.A

9、.wayB.relationC.tasteD.habit点睛名词词义辨析,一般在单项选择中考查。解答此类试题,抓住题眼是关键,掌握所给的各选项的词义是基础。突破方法有两点:(1)夯实基础知识,对课标名词进行专项记忆,记清易混词汇的细微差别。(2)注重审题,结合前后具体语言环境和逻辑关系加以辨析,找出题干中的关键词,也可以结合常识或英语的习惯用法(固定搭配)等来确定答案。一、可数名词名词的数和所有格易混易错易混易错(1)有些以f结尾的单词变复数时,只能加-s,例如:roofroofs,beliefbeliefs,proofproofs。但是,handkerchief在变为复数时,可有两种变换形式

10、,即handkerchiefs/handkerchieves。(2)fish:指“鱼肉”时,是不可数名词。指鱼的“条数”时,是可数名词,但单数和复数同形。Therearetwofishintheriver.强调鱼的“种类”时,复数是fishes。(3)有些名词常以复数形式出现,如trousers,socks,gloves,glasses,shoes,pants等。表达其数量时,常借助pair一词。例:apairoftrousers一条裤子,twopairsofgloves两副手套。食物类rice,porridge,bread,meat,mutton,fish,beef,pork,chicken

11、,sugar,salt,vinegar(醋)饮品类orange,juice,milk,tea,coffee,water语言类Chinese,Japanese,English,French,German,Russian学科类Chinese,English,maths,music,physics气象类weather,rain,snow,wind,air,ice其他advice,exercise(锻炼),experience(经验),news,in-formation,ink,fun,medicine,money,pollution,work(工作),teamwork,housework,homew

12、ork,schoolwork二、不可数名词一般指物质名词、抽象名词和专有名词等,通常没有复数形式,其前不用冠词a/an或数词。1.英语中常见的不可数名词2.不可数名词的数量表示法(1)表示大概多少,可以用some,much,alittle,little,abitof,alotof,alargeamountof等来修饰不可数名词。例:There slittlemilkinthefridge.Let sgoandbuysomemore.冰箱里的牛奶快没了。我们再去买一些吧。Doyouhaveanyadvice,Tom?汤姆,你有什么建议吗?(2)表述具体数量,用“冠词或数词+量词+of.”结构。例

13、:apieceofpaper一张纸twocupsofcoffee两杯咖啡twospoonsofsugar两勺糖三、既可作可数名词又可作不可数名词(1)常见的修饰词有:all,most,some,any,alotof,lotsof,plentyof。(2)有些名词既是可数名词,又是不可数名词,但是意义不同。例:chicken鸡肉achicken一只小鸡experience经验experiences经历time时间threetimes三次,三倍orange橙汁anorange橙子work工作awork一部著作glass玻璃aglass一个玻璃杯paper纸张apaper一份报纸/试卷room空间a

14、room一个房间四、名词所有格1.概念表示名词之间的所属关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格。在英语里,有两种表示方法:-s所有格;of所有格。注意:有些人名以-s结尾,也可以加-s构成所有格。例:Dickens novels(狄更斯的小说)也可以写成Dickens snovels。2.用法即时训练用所给词的适当形式填空Tokeephealthy,wenotonlyneedtogetsomeexercise(exercise),butwealsoneedabalanceddiet.Whenspringcomes,theleaves(leaf)onthetreeturngreen.Howfarisitf

15、romHaikoutoSanya?It saboutthreehours(hour)drive.Oh,myGod!Whatamess!Thereisnomoreroom(room)foryournewcomputer.Look!Therearetwowomen(woman)talkingoverthere.Theyaremymotherandmyaunt.单项选择Iheartherearethreeforeignersinmyclass.Yes.OneisaC;theothertwoareC.A.Japan;GermanyB.Japanese;GermanC.Japanese;GermansD

16、.Japanese;GermenThethreeCupstairsaretoosmalltohaveenoughCforadoublebed.A.room;roomB.room;roomsC.rooms;roomD.rooms;roomsThesubwaystationisaboutDwalkfrommyhome.A.10minuteB.10-minutesC.10minutesD.10minutesTherearemanyobjectsandpaintingsfromdifferentBintheLouvreMuseum.A.centuryB.centuriesC.centurysOnBDa

17、y,wecanmakeanicecardasagiftforourteacher.A.Teacher sB.TeachersC.Teachers点睛名词的数突破方法如下:(1)根据句意,在具体语言环境中对单复数形式加以判断。(2)认真审题,抓住题眼,分清修饰名词的限定词是单数还是复数;若是在be动词前后,则可以根据主谓一致原则来确定单复数。解答这类试题,首先判断是可数名词还是不可数名词,如果是可数名词还要判定用单数还是复数。解答考查名词所有格的试题时,要先判定所给词与被修饰词是否是所属关系,名词的所有格常翻译为“(属于)的”。然后再根据所有格的变化规则确定正确答案。形容词名词-nesskind

18、kindnesssadsadnesshappyhappiness-ityableabilitycreativecreativ-itypossiblepossibility-t-ceimportantimportancediffer-entdifferencesilentsilence-ydifficultdifficultyhonesthonesty-tysafesafety-thtruetruthwarmwarmth名词的构词法名词名词-istpianopianistviolinviolinistsciencescientist-anAmericaAmericanEuropeEuropean

19、-ianmusicmusicianmagicma-gician动词名词-erwinwinnerteachteacherdrivedriver-oreducateeducatoractactorvisitvisitor-ioninviteinvitationdiscussdis-cussiondecidedecision-mentagreeagreementdevelopdevelopmentimproveim-provement其他highheighthotheatlonglengthsucceedsuccessserveservicediedeath即时训练用所给单词的适当形式填空Theya

20、retryingtofindoutthetruth(true).He sveryexcitedaboutthepossibility(possible)ofplayingforthecountry sfirstteam.Millionsoftravelers/travellers(travel)aroundtheworldcometoseethewondersthere.Couldyoupleasereplytothisinvitation(invite)byFriday,March23rd?Therewillbelesspollution(pollute)inthefuturebecausepeoplehavetakenactiontoprotecttheenvironment.点睛解答名词的构词法试题时,应抓住题干中的修饰词或限定词,并结合名词的用法和一些特定的语法关系,判断出填名词。名词一般放在冠词、数词、形容词、动词或介词等后面。然后进行正确的变形。在平时的学习中要善于积累和总结。