2021年北京市西城区中考英语一模试卷（附答案详解）.pdf

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1、2021年北京市西城区中考英语一模试卷一、单选题(本大题共1 2小题，共6.()分)12.-Do you know1.We all like the book Lonely Planet.It tells_ a lot about the world.A.us B.him C.her D.them2.My home is_ my school.It is only five minutes walk.A.for B.on C.near D.at3.Susan is ill,_ she is not at school today.A.though B.but C.or D.so4.-Mom,i

2、t is really hot today.May I have some ice-cream?-Of course you_.A.should B.must C.need D.can5.-_ did you visit the National Museum last time?-About a year ago.A.How B.Why C.When D.Where6.The mind exercise is as_ as body exercise.A.important B.more importantC.most important D.the most important7.The

3、students_ on the playground when it began to rain.A.run B.are running C.were running D.will run8.-Jack,would you like something to eat?-No,thank you.I _ a big meal.A.have B.have had C.was having D.had9.There is a new park next to my home.I _ a walk there every day.A.took B.take C.was taking D.have t

4、aken10.When Helen Keller was 7,she_ to learn to read by using her fingers.A.starts B.started C.will start D.has started11.It is said that a starship_ to Mars around 2030.A.sends B.will send C.is sent D.will be sent-She lost her passport yesterday.A.why does Lisa miss the flightC.why Lisa misses the

5、flightB.why did Lisa miss the flightD.why Lisa missed the flight二、完形填空(本大题共8小题，共8.0分)Vertical GardensHenrietta did not have a big yard.She only had a small deck(平台)overlooking a tiny piece of grass.It was not enough yard for her dogto play on.She(1)a garden really bad,but did not havespace.What coul

6、d she do?For a while,she just kept a few plants in pots on the deck.They took up space and there washardly any space for her table and chairs.So,she made some flower boxes with rope to putplants in.She(2)one on her window and put two more on the bars,which were greatfor flowers.This helped for a tim

7、e,but she still longed for more.She(3)got an idea：if she couldn11 build out,why not build up?She had heard ofvertical gardening from a friend.She had wooden fences(栅栏)all around her little piece ofgrass,so if she could fix some pots to the fence,she could(4)up into that space,andher dog could still

8、play.She went to the building store and got some supplies.It was(5)to find pots that wouldfit what she had in mind.So she looked around to find something else for her vertical garden.Then she had an idea with rain gutters(并 F水|曹).Rain gutters could hold water,so why notplants?She decided to(6)them.B

9、ack at home,she fixed the boards to her fence for supporting the gutters.She put caps on theend and extra supports in the middle.Then she filled them with potting soil and planted threelong rows of(7).A few days later,there were new leaves.Weeks later,she was harvesting vegetables to eat.Shewent all

10、 out then,lining all three walls of her fence with more long rain gutter planters.She hadmade her vertical garden!Best of all,her dog,Skippy,still had(8)to run and play.13.A.wantedB.hatedC.missedD.treated14.A.hidB.openedC.hungD.carried15.A.almostB.seldomC.finallyD.hardly16.A.moveB.lookC.climbD.garde

11、n17.A.quickB.hardC.funD.convenient18.A.tryB.sellC.coverD.repair第 2 页，共 19页19.A.grassB.treesC.flowersD.vegetables20.A.timeB.roomC.energyD.interest三、阅读理解（本大题共13小题，共26.0分）ABest Gifts for Your Teen Friends Shopping for your teen friends1 birthday gifts can be difficult.Each year,we pay close attention t

12、o the newest gifts hitting the market.Below,weve createdsuch a list,choosing some of the hottest items on store shelves right now.Color-changing LampSpeaker$36.00With a simple touch,thisspeaker lamp changes color,plays music and helps themsleep.They can even bring itwith them on camping tripssince i

13、t runs for up to 120hours.中Harry Potter Paperback Box Set$80.00If theyre getting sick of borrowing the local library*scopies,then they need a complete collection of HarryPotter books to call their own.This set comes with allseven books in the series（系歹U）.The Mind Card Game$20.00This is a board game

14、thatencourages true teamwork,because the number one ruleis No talking!nIf successful,theyll beamazed at how well theywork with their teammateswithout using any words.Bluetooth Wireless（无线）Smart Beanie$15.00Trying to wear headphones and a hat at the same timeis usually uncomfortable.This smart beanie

15、 can keeptheir ears warm in winter,while allowing them tolisten to their favorite playlists for up to five hours.Also,ifs washable as long as you take out the battery（电池）.21.Which gift encourages teamwork?A.The Mind Card Game.B.Harry Potter Paperback Box Set.C.Color-changing Lamp Speaker.D.Bluetooth

16、 Wireless Smart Beanie.22.How much should you pay for a color-changing lamp speaker?A.80.00.B.36.00.C.20.00.D.15.00.23.The Bluetooth Wireless Smart Be a n i e.A.comes with all seven booksB.can run for five hours in winterC.can change color and help one sleepD.follows the number one rule No talking!1

17、BField DayIts time for Field Day again,n thought Carly as she started the last?week of school.Carly was not looking forward to it.Why does everybody make abig deal out of it?”Carly asked her mom.Well,its supposed to be a fun day and a day to letyourself go,said Carlys mom.Im not good at any of those

18、 games that are played,and Imafraid the kids are going to laugh at me.Maybe I can stay home and miss Field Day,said Carly.Mary was Carlys closest friend,and they walked to school every day.Arent you excitedabout Field Day?Mary asked Carly.No,I dont care about such a silly day.No one everpicks me for

19、 their team because Im not good at those games,answered Carly.Mary felt bad and she told her mom how unexcited Carly was and wondered what she could doto cheer her friend up.See if you can get in a game that you know Carly is good at,suggestedMarys mom.Mary thought for a moment and said that she kne

20、w Carly loved to playhorseshoes,and was really good at that game.She was also good at the water balloon toss（投掷）too.Field Day finally arrived.Mary came by Carlys house for their daily walk to school.Carly wasvery quiet on the way to school.MI hear they are going to have horseshoes this year and also

21、 awater balloon game,Mary said.Really?I love horseshoes,and I am pretty good at catchingthose water balloons,said Carly.Suddenly,Carly felt more excited about going to school andstarting Field Day than she had ever been.第4页，共19页The games began and Carly had the best Field Day ever!Her team won first

22、 place in the waterballoon toss thanks to her,and she got a ribbon（绶带）for second place in horseshoes.Whata great day!Carly said to Mary.Carly is now looking forward to Field Day next year!24.Carly wasn*t looking forward to Field Day at first b e c a u s e.A.she didnt have friends to go with herB.her

23、 friend Mary wasnt excited about itC.her mom told her that it wasnt fun at allD.she wasnt good at those games that were played25.In the story,Ma r y.A.tried hard to cheer Carly upB.won first place this Field DayC.taught Carly how to play horseshoesD.stayed at home and missed this Field Day26.Carly w

24、ill probably next Field Day.A.invite her family to join herB.make a completely new ruleC.take an active part in the gamesD.plan the whole event for her schoolcImagine that your friend is cutting the cake to share with all the guests at the birthday party.Thefirst three guests are handed large pieces

25、 of cake,while you are handed a teeny-tiny one.Howwould you feel?Is this fair?Most of us have a clear sense of what is fair and what is not,butwhere does this come from?Scientists try to study fairness in primate species（灵长类物种）to understand how fairness came about.Fairness often involves equal outco

26、mes（平等的结果）Do monkeys behave in ways that lead to equal outcomes?To find out,scientists givemonkeys choices about how to share food.Scientists ask a monkey to choose between twooptions-to provide a piece of food just for themselves,or to provide food for another monkeynearby,as well as for themselves

27、（Figure 1）.If monkeys are trying to achieve equal outcomes,they would give food to both themselves and another.Do they?Sometimes.(Figure 1)The left monkey has just chosen the board The left monkey has just chosen theto give food to himself and the neighboring board that provides food for himselfmonk

28、ey.only.Whether monkeys favor equal outcomes seems to depend on the species.The species whichlive in groups will prefer equal outcomes,but not all the time.What else might be influencing whether monkeys create equal outcomes?If the two monkeysare friends,one is more likely to share food with the oth

29、er.It also seems that monkeys wouldmake the equal choice when they cannot see the actual food-some scientists use pictures offood.But wait,does effort matter?Scientists have developed a way to test whether monkeys prefer everyone to be paid equally fordoing the same work.In this study,monkeys are tr

30、ained to work for food by exchanging smallcoins with a scientist.To determine if and how monkeys respond to unfairness,scientists havetwo monkeys take turns exchanging coins and give them different food-their favorite food or aless-preferred food(Figure2),If the monkey getting the less-preferred foo

31、d refuses to keepexchanging coins,scientists conclude the monkeys respond to unfairness.food.The monkey on the left exchanges the coin for a pieceof banana.Next,the neighbor monkey will alsoexchange a coin,but receive a less-preferred piece of(Figure 2)The results of the study have suggested differe

32、nces across monkey species.Generally,monkeys living in groups do not respond to unfairness,while other monkeys do respond to it.However,monkeys do not appear to mind if they get a better food than others.All in all,monkeys*sense of fairness does not seem to be as well-developed as our own.Bystudying

33、 their preferences for fairness and responses to unfair situations,we can learn more第6 页，共 19页about how these values developed in humans.And this also helps us to better understand thenatural world and how to care for animals as well.27.In the first monkey s t u d y,.A.scientists use more pictures o

34、f food than actual foodB.scientists let monkeys choose from a variety of foodsC.the left monkey will get no food if it provides food for anotherD.the left monkey can choose between two ways of providing food28.What can we learn from these monkey studies?A.Monkeys living in groups value effort more.B

35、.Monkeys of different species enjoy different work.C.Not all monkeys stop working when treated unfairly.D.Monkeys seem to mind if the neighbor gets less food.29.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A.Do Monkeys Care What Is Fair?B.Can Equal Outcomes Bring Fairness?C.Why Do

36、Monkeys Value Fairness and Effort?D.How Do Monkeys Develop a Sense of Fairness?DWeve all experienced failure.Whether we like it or not,failure is part of life.How peoplerespond to it is of great importance both to their decisions and achievements.Some are likely tohave such expectations：If I should

37、reach that goal,how happy would I feel?*In a recentstudy,we wanted to understand how such expectations may change in the face of failure.Arepeople able to predict their own happiness?The old saying the grass is always greener on the other side suggests that people spend muchof their time searching f

38、or things they cant have.In other words,the harder it is to achieve,thehigher the valuation.But is this a good model for how ordinary people process failure?According to the story The Fox and the Grapes,failure often leads us to drop our initial（最初的）plan.In the story,the fox jumps with all his stren

39、gth,yet he fails to reach the grapes.Finally,he walks away,concluding that the grapes were sour（酸的）anyway.So,which is it：greener grass or sour grapes?We did an experiment to determine how peoplereact to failure.In the study,about 1,200 participants（参力口者）received either good or poor feedback（反馈）on th

40、e practice trial of a test.Half of them were told that they had performed in the bottom20 percent,while the other half,in the top 20 percent.They were then asked to predict how theywould feel if they earned a high score on the actual test.The research results showed that those who received poor feed

41、back on the practice trialpredicted that they would feel less happiness and less pride,compared to those who receivedstrong feedback.However,when they received a top score on the actual test later,they werejust as happy as the other half,and much happier than they had predicted before.This suggestst

42、hat the initial failure made people undervalue how good it would feel to succeed in the future.The question though,is why failure makes us downplay our future happiness.According toProfessor Jon Elster,people dont always know what they want,and often change their wishesto match what appears within r

43、each.When the outcome doesnt fit the one they have ofthemselves,they protect themselves by devaluing the goal-rather than devaluing themselves.Inother words,when personal failure happens,one way of protecting our positive（积极的）sense of self is to refuse to accept the emotional importance of future ac

44、hievements.Detachment（超脱）from personal goals can be useful,if it helps people redirect theirattention from the impossible to better and more achievable goals.However,if the sour-grapeeffect kicks in too early and people become fearful of failure,they could miss out on the chanceto try again and real

45、ize that what once seemed impossible is now within reach.30.What does the story The Fox and the Grapes suggest?A.The outcome valuation depends on what goal is set.B.Difficulties result in a higher achievement expectation.C.Past performance doesnt help predict future happiness.D.Initial failure makes

46、 future success appear less attractive.31.The word downplay1 in Paragraph 6 probably means A.undervalue B.better understandC.destroy D.discover32.What do we know from the passage?A.The participants cared more about strong feedback.B.The happier people are those who predict less happiness.C.The parti

47、cipants*performance failed to match their abilities.D.People devalue the goal to keep a positive view of themselves.第 8 页，共 19页33.What is the writer trying to tell us?A.Failure is the mother of success.B.Detachment stops people from changing wishes.C.The seemingly impossible is worth trying sometime

48、s.D.The sour-grape effect pushes us to keep moving forward.四、任务型阅读简答（本大题共1小题，共10.0分）34.When it comes to celebrations,birthday parties can be one of the important of the wholeyear.The gifts,the singing,the candle-blowing.Basically,theyre all the best thingsthrown together into one day.But birthdays a

49、rent always a fun for everyone.For example,homeless children might not get anything at all for their special day.Thafs why17-year-old Daryn Dusansky decided to start The Balloon Project.It celebrates monthlybirthdays for children living in homeless shelters（收容所）with the help of somevolunteers.Dusans

50、kys dream：to bring smiles to all kids*faces on their birthdays.As teenagers,they met many challenges at the beginning.One of the biggest was to makeothers believe that The Balloon Project was dependable and there would be a party eachmonth.Each party is not easy as there are many things that have to