高中情态动词用法总结中学教育高考英语中学教育高中教育.pdf
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1、学习必备 欢迎下载 情态动词的用法 A.can;could;be able to Can 1.表示“能力”(此时过去时是 could)2.表示许可、请求,“可以”。-Can/Could I go now?3 表示推测,把握很大,could 也可表推测,把握比 can 小。-Look!Someone is coming!Who can it be?-It can t be him.He has gone to Paris.(不可能)/He could be here soon.他很快就来。4 表示感情(惊异/不耐烦)“究竟,到底”(主要用于否定句,疑问句和感叹句中。)How can you be
2、 so foolish?What can it possibly be?到底那是怎么一回事?They can t be working at this time of day.5 肯定句中客观存在的可能性。“有时会,偶尔”It can be quite windy there,especially in spring.Could 1.表示能力,can 的过去式,过去能够 Could you speak English then?那时候你会说英语吗?2.请求允许(委婉语气)(问句的答语不用 could,而用 can,)Could Can I use your pen?”“Yes,of cours
3、e you can.”/No,I m afraid not.3.表示推测可能性(肯,否,疑)We could go there this summer.今年夏天我们可能要去那儿。(将来可能性)You could be right,but I dont think you are.你可能是对的,但我并不认为你是对的。4.could have done 对过去推测,可能已经。本来能够却没做,差点就 He cant couldnt have seen her there.他不可能在那儿见到她。He could have gone home.他可能已回家了 He could have told her
4、,but he didnt choose to.他本来可以告诉她的,但他却没有。B.may 和 might 1.表示允许许可,might 提问更委婉。-May/Might I watch TV after supper?-Yes,you may./Yes,please./Certainly.-No,you mustnt./No,you may not./No,you can t./No,youd better not.2.表示推测,有“或许”、“可能”的意思。might 把握更小。疑问句用 can/could.He may/might be right./I hear there may be
5、 a few copies left.He may/might come today(tomorrow).3.may 表示祝愿,倒装。May+主语+动词原形。May you succeed!/May you all be happy.may might as well意为“不妨”、“还是为好”等,用 might 比用 may 语气更委婉。如:Im ready,so I might as well go now我已准备好,因此不妨现在就走。Theres nothing to do,so I may might as well go to bed.may well.完全可能 C.must,have
6、 to Must 1.表示“必须”。否定式 mustnt表示“不可以”、“不准”、“禁止”等。Everybody must obey the rules./You mustnt lend it to others./You mustnt speak like that to your mother.在回答有“must”的询问时,-Must I go now?-Yes,you must.-No,you neednt./No,you dont have to.学习必备 欢迎下载 2.must 表示推测(“一定”、“必定”),表肯定的推测,其否定的推测用 can t,表示“不可能”。You must
7、 be hungry after the long walk./It cant be Jim,for he has gone to Beijing.The Chinese language must have the large number of speakers.3must 表示说话人不耐烦的态度,“干嘛偏要”must+have+done,表示对过去事物的肯定推测。“一定做过.”He must have told my parents about it.他一定把这件事情告诉我父母亲了。must 表示推测时,其反意疑问句应根据动词的实际时态而变化。如:It must be nice to t
8、ake a walk here,isnt it?Tom buys a lot of apples,he must like eating them,doesnt he?Must have done 的反意疑问句有三种情况:从句中含有过去的时间状语,反意疑问句用过去时.The ground is wet,it must have rained last night,didnt it?从句中含有过去完成时的时间状语,反意疑问句用过去完成时.By the end of last term,we must have learnt 2000 words,hadnt we?若从句中不含任何时间状语,反意疑
9、问句用现在完成时 We must have been met somewhere(before),havent we?must 表示“必须”“有必要”时,反义疑问句部分用 mustnt.?或 neednt .?You must go home right now,neednt you?must 用否定形式 mustnt时,附加疑问句部分用 may 或 must?You mustnt cheat in the examination,must you?3.表示与说话人愿望相反及不耐烦意为“偏要”-_you make so much noise?-Sorry,I will take care no
10、t to.A Must B Can C May D Would 4.must 和 have to 的区别:D.ought to/should/shall Ought to ought to 用于反映客观情况或涉及义务和规定时,常译作“应该”、“应当”(和should 差不多,只是语气较强),有时表示非常可能的事情。There ought not to be much noise in a hospital.-Ought he to go?-Yes,he ought to.If she is completely well,she ought to be back at school today
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