一轮复习语法学案3名词性从句中学教育高考英语中学教育高考英语.pdf

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1、2021高三英语一轮语法学案 名词性从句【拿词性从句综述】在句子中起需词作用的句子叫乞词性从句。爼词性从句的功能相当于名词词 组，它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词 性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。一、名词性从句的连接词 1.从属连词 that,whether 和 if(1)that,whether,if 在从句中不充当任何成分，只起到连接从句的功能。that 没有实际意义，而 whether,if意为“是否二(2)whether 与 if 的用法比较 二者均可作“是否”讲，都可以引导划词性从句，引导宾语从句时可以互换

2、。I dont know whetlier/if hell attend the meeting.在下列情况下，常用 whether,不用 if。1)whether 引导从句可以放于句首。Whether he comes or not makes no difference 2)whether 可引导表语从句和同位语从句,if 不可。The question is whether it is worth trying The question whether he should join the team has not been decided upon.3)whether 可以作介词宾语,

3、if 则不可。I havent settled the problem of whether Lil lend him the money.4)whether 后可以加不定式,if 不可。He didnt know whether to get married or to wait.5)可以用 whether.or 引导让步状语从句，意为“无论，不论,if 则不可。Whether it rains or snows.I dont care.6)当与 or not 连用，或提岀两种选择时。I dont know whether hes free or not.Mary asked whether

4、 I was doing my homework or not.Tell me whether yoiTd like to go shopping or tidy the room.在下列情况下用 if 不用 whethero 1)引导否左概念的宾语从句时：He asked me if I hadnt finish my homework.2）引导条件状语从句,iF 意为“如果 时：Well go hiking if it doesnt rain tomorrow.2.连接代词 引导名词性从句的连接代词有:who,whom,whose,what,which,whatever,whichever

5、,whoever.连 接代词在句中既起连接作用，同时又充当主语、宾语、泄语、表语等成分。3.连接副词 引导划词性从句的连接副词有：when,where,how,whya连接副词在句中既是连接词，又作状语。4.如何选用名词性从句的连接词（1）从句类型不同，引导从句的连词也不尽相同，确龙了从句类型，也就确左了引导该类从句的 连词。判断的方法就是根据从句在整个句子中的位置。What he said is wrong.他所说的话是错的。（从句在主语位置，为主语从句）Check that all the switches are turned off.检查一下所有的开关已关好。（从句在动词后，为宾语从句

6、）What I was uncertain about was whether we could overcome the difficulties all by ourselves.我不敢 肯泄的是我们自己能不能战胜这些困难。（whether 从句在 was 后，为表语从句）I have no idea when he will return.我不知道他什么时候回来。（从句在抽象名词后,对名词解释 说明，为同位语从句）（2）引导名词性从句的连接词分三类：第一类为 that 引导爼词性从句时，在从句中不充当任何句子成分，只起连接作用，也没有任何 含 5（.：that 引导的宾语从句一般不作介词

7、的宾语（介词 but,except,besides,in 除外）；第二类 whether/if 类，本身有意义，在从句中不担任成分；第三类为 wh-类及 how,as if,because 等，本身有意义，在从句中担任成分。what,whiclk who,whom,whose等在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、左语，which 引导名词性从句，苴意义为“哪一个“，可指人也可指物，是在已知的具体的人、事、物 当中进行选择；引导立语从句时，只能当关系代词，在从句中作主语或宾语，且只能指物；what 引导需词性从句时，其意义为“的人/物/数目等“，在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语或左 语。作主语、宾语和表语时

8、 what 可以分解成“泄语从句的先行词+关系代词”，即常说的“先行 词+that 当于名词词组它在复合句中能担任主语宾语表语同位语等因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句宾语从句表语从句和同位语从句一名词性从句的连接词从属连词和在从句中不充当任何成分只起到连接从互换在下列情况下常用不用引导从句可以放于句首可引导表语从句和同位语从句不可可以作介词宾语则不可后可以加不定式不可可以用引导让步状语从句意为无论不论则不可当与连用或提岀两种选择时在下列情况下用不用引导否左作用同时又充当主语宾语泄语表语等成分连接副词引导划词性从句的连接副词有连接副词在句中既是连接词又作状语如何选用名

9、词性从句的连接词从句类型不同引导从句的连词也不尽相同确龙了从句类型也就确左了引导该类从句的when,where,why,how,because等在从句中作状语。通过分析从句，可以明了从句是否缺成分，缺什么成分，从而确左连词的种类。例如：That he failed the exam made me surprised/主语从句,that 不充当从句成分）He is a good student except that he is a little careless.Our income is now double what it was ten years ago.（what 指.的数目”）Y

10、ou will know what side effect the medicine brings about.(作圧意思为什么样的)He lives in what we call spring city 二(表示.的地方)=He liies in the place that we call spring city Tell me which book you like better,the red one or the blue one?I will buy the book which you choose for you.You dont know what good student

11、s they arc.(表示“多么，此为感叹句用于宾语从句中)Air is to us what water is to fish.空气对于我们就像水对于鱼一样。二、名词性从句的语序 需词性从句的语序都为陈述句语序。但是在宾语从句中，当从句的原句为以下句子以及 what,who 作主语时，语序不变，例如：Whats wrong?Whats the matter?Whats happening?I dont know whats the matter.Can you tell me who is over there?三、主语从句 1.主语从句在复合句中充当主语，大多数主语从句都可以用it 作形

12、式主语而把主语从句巻于句尾。2.that 引导主语从句时可用 it 作形式主语，that 不可省：what 引导的主语从句表示“的东西”时，一般不用 it 作形式主 in；whatever,whoever,whichever 一般也不用 it 作形式主语。That she will succeed is certain.It is certam tliat she will succeed.她会成功这件事是肯上的。What he needs is more experience.他所需要的是更多的经验。3.it 作形式主语的几种形式：(1)It+系动词+形容词(necessary/right/

13、likely/funny/possible/unlikely/wrong/important/ccrtain/clear/obvious/strange/normal 等)+that 从句 It is certain that most of the farmers have brought in more money by all means 大多数农民通过各种方式等都增加了收入，这是肯定的。(2)It+be+名词(短语)(a pity/a shame/good news/no surprise/a fact/an honor/a wondcr/no wonder 等)+that从句 当于名

14、词词组它在复合句中能担任主语宾语表语同位语等因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句宾语从句表语从句和同位语从句一名词性从句的连接词从属连词和在从句中不充当任何成分只起到连接从互换在下列情况下常用不用引导从句可以放于句首可引导表语从句和同位语从句不可可以作介词宾语则不可后可以加不定式不可可以用引导让步状语从句意为无论不论则不可当与连用或提岀两种选择时在下列情况下用不用引导否左作用同时又充当主语宾语泄语表语等成分连接副词引导划词性从句的连接副词有连接副词在句中既是连接词又作状语如何选用名词性从句的连接词从句类型不同引导从句的连词也不尽相同确龙了从句类型也就确左了引导该类从句的

15、Its no wonder that youve achieved so much success.难怪你取得了 如此大的成功。(3)It+be+过去分词(said/told/lieard/reported/decided/suggested/advised/ordered/remembered/thought/considered/well-known/announced 等)+that 从句 It is said that the professor has already succeeded in carrying out the experiment.据说，这位教授已经成功做了实验。(

16、4)1(+特殊动词(seem/appear/happen/matter)+that 从句 It happened to me that I had been away when he called.凑巧，当他给我打电话的时候，我不在。(5)It+doesnt matter(makes no difference,etc.)+连接代词或连接副词引起的主语从句。如：It doesnt matter whether she will come or not.他来不来不要紧。【小叮咛】(1)在 Tt is necessaryimportant/strange/natural 4-that 从句结构中，

17、从句常用(should+)动词原形形式。(2)在It+be+suggested/advised/ordcred/requested/insisted/rcquired+that 从句结构中,that 从句应用 Xsliould+)动词原形二 四、宾语从句 1.动词的宾语从句 大多数动词(hope/tell/say 等)可以带宾语从句。We all expect that they will win,for members of their team are stronger.我们都期待他们能赢，因为他们队的队员很强壮。I dont think you are right.我认为你是不对的。I

18、dont suppose he cares does he?我猜想他不会在意，不是吗？(2)动词 find/feel/think/consider/make/believe 等后有宾语补足语时，则需要 it 作形式宾语而将 that 宾语从句后置。I think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every day 我认为每天喝大量的水是有必要的。(3)有些动词带宾语从句时习惯上需要在宾语从句前加it,但是无实际意义，也成为虚义 itu这 类动词(词组)有 hate/enjoy/like/love/dislike/see to 等

19、。I hate it when they talk with their mouths full.我痛恨他们满嘴是饭在讨论问题。2.一般情况下介词后只能用 wh-类连接词引导宾语从句。We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.当于名词词组它在复合句中能担任主语宾语表语同位语等因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句宾语从句表语从句和同位语从句一名词性从句的连接词从属连词和在从句中不充当任何成分只起到连接从互换在下列情况下常用不用引导从句可以放于句首可引导表语从句和同位语从句不可可以作介词宾语则不

20、可后可以加不定式不可可以用引导让步状语从句意为无论不论则不可当与连用或提岀两种选择时在下列情况下用不用引导否左作用同时又充当主语宾语泄语表语等成分连接副词引导划词性从句的连接副词有连接副词在句中既是连接词又作状语如何选用名词性从句的连接词从句类型不同引导从句的连词也不尽相同确龙了从句类型也就确左了引导该类从句的我们正在讨论关于是否允许这些学生进入俱乐部。【小叮咛】(1)where 引导的从句有时也可用作介词的宾语。We could see the temple quite clearly from where we lived 从我们住的地方能很淸楚地看到那座庙。(2)that 引导的从句作介

21、词的宾语是很少有的，只有在except/in/bu(等介词后偶尔可能用到。Your composition is quite good except that the organization is a bit loose 你的作文除了结构有些松散外，整体还是很好的。3sure/certain/glad/pleased/liappy/suiprised 等表示情感的形容词后也可带宾语从句。Im sure that they will make it in spite of die terrible weather.尽管天气恶劣，但是我确信他们一立能成功。4.宾语从句转化成简单句的方法（1）当主

22、句谓语动词是 hope,decide,wish,choose,agree,promise等，且宾语从句的主语与主句主语 一致时，宾语从句可简化为不定式结构。例如：Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon.Li Miiig hopes to be back very soon.We decided tliat we would help lum.We decided to help him.（2）当主句谓语动词是 know,learn,remember,forget,tell 等动词，且主句主语与从句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式结构。例如：S

23、he lias forgotten how she can open the window.She has forgotten how to open the window.【小叮咛】当主句谓语动词是 tell,ask.show,teach 等动词，且后带双宾语，从句主语和间接宾 语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。例如：Could you tell me how I can get to the station?Could you tell me how to get to the station?（3）当主句的谓语动词是order（命令），require（需要）等时，如果主句

24、和从句的主语不一致，宾 语从句可简化为“名词（代词）+不定式”结构。例如：The headmaster ordered that we should start at once*The headmaster ordered us to start at once.w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m（4）某些动词后的宾语从句，可以用介词加动名词（短语）等其他形式简化。例如：He insisted that he should go with us.He insisted on gomg witli us.The poor boy doesnt know when and where he w

25、as bom.当于名词词组它在复合句中能担任主语宾语表语同位语等因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句宾语从句表语从句和同位语从句一名词性从句的连接词从属连词和在从句中不充当任何成分只起到连接从互换在下列情况下常用不用引导从句可以放于句首可引导表语从句和同位语从句不可可以作介词宾语则不可后可以加不定式不可可以用引导让步状语从句意为无论不论则不可当与连用或提岀两种选择时在下列情况下用不用引导否左作用同时又充当主语宾语泄语表语等成分连接副词引导划词性从句的连接副词有连接副词在句中既是连接词又作状语如何选用名词性从句的连接词从句类型不同引导从句的连词也不尽相同确龙了从句类型也就

26、确左了引导该类从句的The poor boy doesnt know the time and the place of liis birth.（5）某些动词后而的宾语从句可转化为“宾语+V-ing形式（作宾语补足语）”结构。例如：Liu Pmg found that tliere was a wallet lying on the ground.Liu Pmg found a wallet lymg on the ground（6）动词 seem 后的宾语从句，也可以用不左式（短语）来简化，但句型需要进行适当的变化。如:It seemed tliat the boys were gomg t

27、o win.Tlie boys seemed to win.【小叮咛】除上述方法外，还有一些特殊句式的转化。例如：I found that it was difficult to learn English well.4 found it difficult to learn English well.Soon we found that the ground was covered with thick snow.Soon we found the ground covewd with tlrick snow.w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m They foiuid that die

28、box was very heay.They found the box very heay 5.宾语从句的时态 主句用现在时或将来时，从句可用任何时态。主句用过去时，从句用与过去相关的时态。1）从句说明的是一般真理、客观事实、自然现象、名言时，任用现在时。Dad told us that it is better to do than to say.He told the boy that three and three is six.Could you tell me where the bookshop is.2)从句中有具体时间状语，即使从句动作发生在主句动作前，仍然用一般过去时。Th

29、e teacher told me she was born in 1960.【巧学妙记】学宾语从句要注意：引导词、时态和语序；陈述句 that 来引导，一般可以省略去：一般问句表 是否”，if 或 whether 来引导；陈述语序最为妙，特殊问句作宾从，疑问词引导就能行，陈述 语序要记淸。五、表语从句 1.主句的主语是 idea,advice,suggestion,order,request,requirement 等名词时，表语从句的谓语应用 虚拟语气，即“(should+)动词原形的形式。His suggestion is that we(should)change our mind.她

30、的建议是我们应该改变主意。2.主语为名词 reason 时，表语从句中的连接词要用 that,而不用 why 或 becauseo The reason for such a serious accident is that the driver was too careless and drank too much.这起严重交通事故的原因是司机开车太大意并且喝了太多的洒。3.Because,as if,as though,as.like 等连接词也可引导表语从句。当于名词词组它在复合句中能担任主语宾语表语同位语等因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句宾语从句表语从句和同

31、位语从句一名词性从句的连接词从属连词和在从句中不充当任何成分只起到连接从互换在下列情况下常用不用引导从句可以放于句首可引导表语从句和同位语从句不可可以作介词宾语则不可后可以加不定式不可可以用引导让步状语从句意为无论不论则不可当与连用或提岀两种选择时在下列情况下用不用引导否左作用同时又充当主语宾语泄语表语等成分连接副词引导划词性从句的连接副词有连接副词在句中既是连接词又作状语如何选用名词性从句的连接词从句类型不同引导从句的连词也不尽相同确龙了从句类型也就确左了引导该类从句的He has heart disease.Tliat is because he has been smoking too

32、much.他有心脏病，那是因为他抽烟太多了。4.表语从句引导词的选择 1)完整陈述句充当表语时用 that 引导，且不可省略；2)表“是否”含义时用 whether：3)语义不完整时根据情况选用对应的特殊疑问词，如what,when,where,why 等 六、同位语从句 1.同位语从句的功能 同位语从句是用以解释说明某一名词内容和实质的从句。1)能接同位语从句的名词有:belief,fact,hope.idea,doubt,news,conclusion,suggestion,problem,order,answer,decision,explanation,information,thou

33、ght 等。The kings decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.国王作出的这名囚犯释放的决定让人们大吃一惊。2)同位语从句一般用 that 引导,但也可以用连接代词(what,which,who)、连接副词(when,where,why,liow)或 whether 引导。I have no idea what has happened to him.我不知道他发生了什么事。2 同位语在句子中的位置 同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的需词后面，而是被别的词隔开。例如：He got th

34、e news from Marr that the sports meeting was put off.他从玛丽那里得知运动会要延期举行。The story goes that William Tell did kill the king with that sword.威廉姆用那把剑杀死了国王的故事传开了。3.同位语从句与建语从句的区别 1)泄语从句中的 that 既代替先行词，同时在从句中作某个成分(主语或宾语)，而同位语从句中 的 that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。2)定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述它的性质或特征；同位语从句

35、是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。如：The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将岀国。(第一个 that引导的从句是泄语从句，that 在从句中作宾语)The 当于名词词组它在复合句中能担任主语宾语表语同位语等因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句宾语从句表语从句和同位语从句一名词性从句的连接词从属连词和在从句中不充当任何成分只起到连接从互换在下列情况下常用不用引导从句可以放于句首可引导表语从句和同位语从句不可可以作介词宾语则不可后可以加不定式不可可以用引导

36、让步状语从句意为无论不论则不可当与连用或提岀两种选择时在下列情况下用不用引导否左作用同时又充当主语宾语泄语表语等成分连接副词引导划词性从句的连接副词有连接副词在句中既是连接词又作状语如何选用名词性从句的连接词从句类型不同引导从句的连词也不尽相同确龙了从句类型也就确左了引导该类从句的news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。(同位语从句，山 at 在句中不作任何成分)七、名词性从句的几个注意事项 1.that 通常不可省略的四种情况：(1)引导主语从句，that 于句首时不可省略。That he failed in the

37、 exam made his parents disappointed.他考试失败了使他的父母很失望。(2)当一个句子有两个或多个并列的宾语从句时，引导第二个和以后几个从句的 that 不可省略。I wished(that)we could go sighting in Hangzhou(his summer and that we could buy some books on our way back in Shanghai.我希望今年夏天到杭州去观光旅游，顺便在回来的路上到上海去买些书。(3)在由 it 作形式宾语,that 引导的宾语从句中,that 也不可省略。He has made

38、 it clear that he wouldnt agree to die plan.他不同意这个计划，他已经表达的很淸楚了。(4)引导表语从句和同位语从句时.that 也不可省略:2.what 与 that 的区别：what 在从句中充当一泄成分并且具有特立含义“的人(地方、东四)等”：that 只起引导作用，在主语从句中不充当任何成分并且也没有含义。What he said was true.他所说的的是真实的。That he came late made the teacher angry.他来晚了令老师很生气。3.whoever,who 与 no matter who 1)whoev

39、er 有两个作用，一是相当于 anyone who,引导名词性从句，可以理解为 who 引导的立 语从句修饰 anyone,因此表达的主体为“任何人：二是相当于 no matter who,引导让步状语从 句。Whoever comes late should say sorry to our teacher/是人应该道歉)2)who 引导需词性从句时，有疑问语气，突岀表达“谁“这一件事。引导泄语从句时代替先 行词在从句中作主语或宾语。Who came late yesterday was unknown(是 谁迟到这件事不知道，而不是不认识这个人)3)no matter who 只引导让步状

40、语从句。No matter who you are,youre welcome here 4疑问词 +ever no matter+疑问词 当于名词词组它在复合句中能担任主语宾语表语同位语等因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句宾语从句表语从句和同位语从句一名词性从句的连接词从属连词和在从句中不充当任何成分只起到连接从互换在下列情况下常用不用引导从句可以放于句首可引导表语从句和同位语从句不可可以作介词宾语则不可后可以加不定式不可可以用引导让步状语从句意为无论不论则不可当与连用或提岀两种选择时在下列情况下用不用引导否左作用同时又充当主语宾语泄语表语等成分连接副词引导划词性从

41、句的连接副词有连接副词在句中既是连接词又作状语如何选用名词性从句的连接词从句类型不同引导从句的连词也不尽相同确龙了从句类型也就确左了引导该类从句的1)“疑问词+evernJ 引导名词性从句，在从句中要充当一左的成分。还可引导让步状语从句。Whoever breaks the nilc must be punished However late he comes back,his wife will wait for him 2)“no matter+疑问词“只能引导让步状语从句。No matter who breaks the rule,he must be punished.5.doubt

42、后而的从句 doubt 用于肯定句时，其后的宾语从句用 whelher/if 引导，同位语从句用 whether 引导；用于否 定句时，宾语从句和同位语从句都用 that 引导。There is no doubt that we will have an exam next week I doubt whether/if Tom will recover.【小试牛刀】I 单句改错 1.Where shall we spend the holiday isnt decided.2.You have made a mistake is a fact.3.That is certain that w

43、e can win.4.No matter who leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.5.If the policemen will come is not certain.II 判断下列各句哪句含有名词性从句，并指出是什么从句：1 China is no longer what it used to be.2.The truth that thCrearth turns around the sun is known to all.3.It was snowing when he arrived at the station.

44、4.How he persuaded the manager to change the plan is interesting to us all.5.The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.6.The news that you told me yesterday was really disappointing 7.That is where Lu Xun used to live 8.He spoke as if he understood what he was talking abo

45、ut.9.Do you remember the teacher wjio taught us English at middle school?当于名词词组它在复合句中能担任主语宾语表语同位语等因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句宾语从句表语从句和同位语从句一名词性从句的连接词从属连词和在从句中不充当任何成分只起到连接从互换在下列情况下常用不用引导从句可以放于句首可引导表语从句和同位语从句不可可以作介词宾语则不可后可以加不定式不可可以用引导让步状语从句意为无论不论则不可当与连用或提岀两种选择时在下列情况下用不用引导否左作用同时又充当主语宾语泄语表语等成分连接副词引导划

46、词性从句的连接副词有连接副词在句中既是连接词又作状语如何选用名词性从句的连接词从句类型不同引导从句的连词也不尽相同确龙了从句类型也就确左了引导该类从句的10.1 wonder why she refused my invitation.Ill 用适当的连词填空：LI cant decide _ dictionary I should buy.2.Tliats _ he refiised my invitation.3.1 am very interested in _ he has improved his pronunciation in such a short time 4._ we n

47、eed is more time 5.The fact _ she had not said anything at the meeting surprised everybody.6._ and _ they will meet has not been decided yet.7.Please tell me _ you are waiting foi 8.Is that _ you are looking for?9.Would you please tell me _ the nearest post office is?10.1 dont know _ he will agree t

48、o the plan or not.IV 2020年高考真题 1.（2020 江苏高考真题）It is not a problem _ we can win the battle;it s just a matter of time.A.whether B.why C when D.where 2.（2020 天津髙考真题）The student completed this experiment to make come true _ Professor Joseph had said.A.that B.what C.when D.where 3.（2020 浙江髙考真题）Over thou

49、sands of years,they began to depend less on 57 could be hunted or gathered from the wild,and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown 2019年高考真题 4.2019江苏卷单项填空】25.Scientists have obtained more evidence _ plastic is finding its way into the human body.A.what B.that C.which D.where 5.【201

50、9新课标 I 卷语法填空】While they are rare north of 88,there is evidence _61_ they range all the way across the Arctic,and as far south as James Bay in Canada 6.【2019北京卷语法填空】What students do at college seems to matter much more than _8_ they go.2018年高考真题 7.【2018北京】11.Without his support,we would”t be _we are