初中英语2024届中考语法知识（常考动词固定搭配+高频动词词组）.doc

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1、中考英语语法知识一、常考动词固定搭配1.agree agree with“同意”，后接表示人的名词或代词，也可以接表示“意见，看法”的名词例We all agree with him.我们都同意他的意见。例2Do you agree with my ideas? 你同意我的观点吗? agree to“同意”，后面接表示“计划，建议，安排”等的名词，接动词原形时构成动词不定式结构例1He agreed to our plan at last.最后他同意了我们的计划。例2They agreed to come on Monday.他们同意星期一来。 agree on“(两人以上)就取得一致意见，在

2、方面意见一致” 其主语多为复数形式，宾语是表示事、计划等的名词，而不是表示人的名词或代词 可以与agree in doing sth替换。表示经过协商，讨论或谈判而就某事双方取得了一致意见用on.例They agreed on the plan.=They agreed in doing the plan.他们对这个计划意见一致。 agree about sth.涉及讨论的题目例They never agree about politics.他们在政治问题上从不达成一致。2.break break away（from）逃走、逃脱例The robbery suspect broke away f

3、rom the lockup.抢劫嫌疑犯从拘留所逃脱了。 break down vi（机器）损坏、抛锚；vt/vi 破坏、拆散、 毁坏，把(整体)分解，打破例1The truck broke down halfway to the destination.汽车在到达目的地的中途抛锚。例2Her health broke down under the pressure of work.她的健康在工作压力下垮了。 break up破坏；解散；分裂；结束例After midnight, the party broke up.午夜过后，聚会散场了。 break into 破门而入例The thief

4、broke into the house and took away the TV set.小偷破门而入偷走了电视机。 break in打断例Dont break in when we are talking.我们谈话时别打断我们。 break out 爆发；发生例The Second World War broke out in September 1939.第二次世界大战于1939年9月爆发。3.bring bring about 带来；导致；生产；制造例His carelessness brought about the accident.他的粗心导致了这次意外事故的发生。 bring

5、down 使下降；倒下；击落例It is a good opportunity for us to bring down our opponents.这是我们打倒对手的好机会。 bring up 抚养长大例Joe was born in Texas but brought up in Oklahoma. bring in 产生(利润、进息、收入) 例The sale brought us in over $1000.那笔买卖使我们赚了一千多美元 bring forward 提出；把提早例Please bring forward the matter at the next meeting.请在

6、下次会议上提出这件事。 bring out 显示；表现出；出版例The publishing company will bring out a good book in the near future.这家出版公司将在不久的将来出版一本好书。4.care care about 在乎、介意；对感兴趣例1He does not care about his clothes.他对穿衣服不在乎例2I dont care about it.我对此不感兴趣 care for 照顾；喜欢（常用于否定句）例1Who will care for him if his wife dies? 假若他妻子死了，谁来照

7、顾他?例2He doesnt care much for music.他不大喜欢音乐。 care to do sth.愿意；喜欢；想要例I dont care to play basketball.我不喜欢打篮球。 care+从句 在乎；在意 (用于否定句或疑问句，偶尔也用于肯定句)例I really care whether we win or lose.我们是输是赢我真的很在乎。e come about 发生；(风等)改变方向例1How did the new idea come about? 这个新主意是怎么产生的？例2This has not come about overnight.

8、冰冻三尺，非一日之寒。 come across (无意中)碰到；找到；想到例Have you come across this problem in reading a new novel? 你在读一本新小说时遇到过这个问题吗？ come out 出现；出版；发表；结果是；取得(第名)；消失褪去；源于，来自例1That magazine comes out every Monday.那份杂志每星期一出版。例2The truth has come out at last.真相终于大白。 come up with/to 提出；赶上；达到标准；到达例Have you come up with a m

9、ore practical idea?你有没有想出一个实际的办法？ come的其他词组 come along/on 赶快、一道来、 进步 come back 回到原来的(地方，话题等)，突然想起，恢复，复原，复苏 come in 到来，出现，进入，兴起 come/get/keep in (to) contact/touch 与联系，接触，交往 come down 下降，跌价 come down to 归根结底；实质上是 come to oneself恢复知觉6.cut cut down 削减、减少；砍伐Expenses ought to be cut down in every way.应该在

10、一切方面减少开支。 cut in 插话；超车例1Dont try to cut in while others are talking.别人谈话时不要插嘴。例2He cut in at the head of the line.他在队伍的前面插队。 cut off 切断；截止；叫(人)闭口无言；隔绝The flood cut the villagers off from the rest of the world.洪水切断了村民们与外界的联系。 cut out 割掉；删去；戒掉；省掉例I must cut out smoking.我必须戒烟。 cut up 切碎；使难过、使痛苦例1Cut up

11、 the carrots before you put them into the pot.把胡萝卜切碎后再放进锅内。例2The article was severely cut up by some critics.那篇文章曾受到一些评论家严厉的抨击。 7.get get across 解释清楚；使人了解；通过例The teacher tried to explain the problem, but the explanation did not get across to the class.老师试图解释这个问题，但全班同学没有听懂。 get away离开；出发；逃脱例I was in

12、a meeting and couldnt get away.我正在开会，不能离开。 get down to (doing )开始着手做某事例Lets get down to business.让我们言归正传吧。 get on上车/get off下车例The bus stopped at the terminal station and all the passengers got off.汽车到达终点站所有乘客都下车了。 get over克服困难例She cant get over her shyness.她无法克服她的羞怯心理。 get through接通（电话）；完成例I tried t

13、o telephone you but I couldnt get through.我试着给你打电话，但打不通。 get rid of避免；摆脱；除去例:Youd better get rid of that attitude and shape up, young man.年轻人，你最好改掉那种态度，学学好。 8.give give away赠送；泄露秘密例1She gave away all her money to charity.她把所有的钱都捐给了慈善机构。例2Dont give away my secret.别泄露我的秘密。 give in屈服、让步；上交例He has given

14、 in to my views.他已让步，接受了我的观点。 give off发出(气味、声音、能量)例Sometimes, chemical changes give off energy. 有时化学变化释放能量。 give out vi.耗尽、用完、（机器，引擎）失灵 vt.分发、公布; 发出（光和热）例1Our food supply will give out in three days.我们的食物供给三天后就会用完。例2The radiator is giving out a lot of heat.散热器散发着大量的热。 give over交付、交出例The keys were gi

15、ven over to our neighbors during our absence.我们不在家时，钥匙交给邻居保管。 give up vt/vi戒除、放弃例1The only way we choose is to give up and wait for another chance.我们唯一的选择就是放弃，等待下一次机会。例2You should spend more time practicing speaking English.Dont give up hope.你应该花更多的时间练习说英语。不要放弃希望。 9.go go after 寻找，追求例He is going aft

16、er that pretty girl. 他在追求那个漂亮的女孩子。 go down 去某地；(日)落；(船)沉；(计算机)停机(故障) 例1He got home before the sun went down.太阳下山前他到了家。例2The wind has gone down a little. 风势已减弱了一些。 go in for 从事；参加(考试；竞赛)例I am going in for an entrance examination next year. 我明年参加入学考试。 go out 出去；熄灭；公布；过时例1His cigarette already had gone

17、 out before he left.在他离开之前，他的香烟已经熄灭了。例2This method went out long ago.这种方法早就过时了。 go over 仔细检查；仔细推敲、察看例1We went over several houses, but havent bought one yet.我们看了几栋房子，但尚未买成。例2He went over the article again.他把文章从头至尾又读了一遍。 go through 遭遇；经历；熬过；用光(钱)；获准，通过例1These countries have gone/been through too many

18、 wars.这些国家饱经战火。例2You should go through the official channels to get help instead of through private relationship.你应该通过官方渠道而不是通过私人关系寻求帮助。 go up提高；涨高；建造起例:Prices have gone up again.物价又上涨了。 go with 带有；伴随；与匹配；同协调例1Happiness doesnt necessarily go with money.幸福并不一定伴随着金钱。例2Do you think this hat would go wi

19、th my new dress? 你觉得这帽子和我的新衣服相配吗？二、高频动词词组（一）LOOK1.look after 照看;照管例My friend looked after my cat while I was on holiday.在我去度假的时候，我的朋友照料我的猫。2.look up to 尊敬例John is looked up to because he is glad to help people.约翰很受人尊敬，因为他乐于帮助别人。3.look forward to 盼望;期待例Im looking forward to seeing you this summer vac

20、ation.我盼望今年暑假见到你。4.look into 调查;深入了解;研究例The police are looking into the matter.警察正在调查此事。5.look up 抬头看;查阅例1He looked up and saw a bird flying over. 他抬起头来看，看见一只鸟飞过来。例2When you do not understand a word, you can look it up in this dictionary.当你不理解一个单词时，你可以查这本词典。6.look 其他词组 look about 四下环顾;查看 look around

21、 东张西望 look back on/upon 回顾 look down on/upon俯视;轻视 look on /upon旁观，面向 look on / uponas把看作 look out向外看;注意;当心，提防 look over从上面看过去;检查，忽略 look through 看穿;彻底调查（二）KEEP1.keep away (from) 不接近;远离例He keeps away from liquor and tobacco.他远离烟酒。2.keep back 阻止;扣留;隐瞒例He may be telling the truth, but he is keeping som

22、ething back.他可能说的是实话，但他有所隐瞒。3.keep off 不接近;远离例Keep off the grass.请勿践踏草坪。4.keep out 使不入内例They have shut the door and meant to keep us out.他们把门关上了，想把我们拒之门外。5.keep in touch with与保持联系例We have kept in touch with each other after graduation.毕业后我们一直保持联系。6.keep on doing 继续；不停地做例We have to keep on doing exer

23、cises to stay healthy.为了保持健康，我们必须坚持锻炼。7.keep in mind 记住例Please keep in mind that be honest.请记住，你必须诚实。8.keep 其他词组 keep company with和结交 keepfrom阻止 keep ones balance 保持平衡 keep pace with跟上，步调一致 keep up 继续，坚持，保持，维持 keep up with赶上，跟上，与并肩前进 keep watch 守望，值班，注意（三）MAKE1.be made of/be made from/be made bybe m

24、ade of 表示“由制成”，指从原料到制成品，只发生了形状变化，没有发生本质变化，可以看出原材料。例This suit is made of very good material 这套衣服的质料很好。 be made from表示“由制成”，指从原料到制成品，发生了质的变化，看不出原材料。例These wines are made from grapes. 这几种酒都是葡萄酿造的。 be made by表示“由做”，后面跟指人或代词，强调动作的执行者。例The model plane is made by me.这个模型飞机是我做的。2.make for 往走去；向前进；有助于；促进例1He

25、 made for the door.他向门口走去。例2The dog made for the stranger.狗向陌生人扑了过去。例3The flood made for much misery in that area.洪水在那个地区造成了很大的灾难。3.make out 理解；看清楚；辨认；起草(文件等)；匆忙离开；仓皇出逃例1I could hardly make out anything in the thick fog.在浓雾中我几乎什么也看不见。 例2The teacher has made out a list of reference books.教师已开出了一份参考书单

26、。4.make up 化妆；配制；组成；编造；和解，弥补；例1She made up her face to look prettier. 她化了妆使自己看起来更漂亮。例2The boy made up a story; it was not true.男孩编造了一个故事，那不是真的。5.make up for 弥补例How can we make up to you for what you have suffered?我们怎样才能补偿你所遭受的损失呢？6.make 其他词组 make a fool of愚弄，欺骗 make a point 阐述观点 make a point of doin

27、g强调，决心 make for去向，向前进；有利于 make it 就这么定了 make up ones mind to do sth.下定决心做某事（四）PUT1.put away收起来，放好例The boy put the food away in the cupboard after he finished his dinner.小男孩吃完晚饭后把食物放到橱柜里。2.put down 放下；记下；粉碎；镇压例1Put it down to my account, please. 请记在我的帐上。例2Its time that the government put down interes

28、t rates.政府早该降低利率了。3.put off 延期，推迟例Weve invited friends to supper and its too late to put them off now.我们已邀请朋友来吃晚饭，现在取消已来不及了。4.put on 穿上；演出；增加体重例1She took off the old dress and put on a new one.她脱下旧连衣裙，穿上一件新的。例2The workers on the construction site should put on their safety helmets before starting to

29、 work.建筑工地上的工人在开始工作前应该戴上安全帽。5.put out 公布；播出；使熄灭；出版例1Its dangerous to put out your hand now. 现在你把手伸出去是危险的。例2These willow saplings will put out fresh leaves very soon.这些柳树苗不久就要长出新叶了。6.put up 建起；支起；张贴；修建；提出例1Jasper has put up No Parking signs outside his gate, but these have not had any effect.Jasper把几

30、块“禁止停车”的牌子挂在大门外边，但这没有任何效果。7.put up with 忍受；容忍 例I cant put up with all this noise我无法忍受这些噪音。（五）TAKE1.take back 收回;接回;退回例1Im sorry, I take back what I said.对不起，我收回我说过的话。例2They wouldnt take back the shirt.衬衫他们不让退货。2.take down 写下；拆下例1He took down everything the teacher said.他把老师说的所有话都记了下来。例2They decided

31、to take down the dangerous bridge.他们决定把这座危险的桥拆掉。3.take in 收留；欺骗；吸收，理解例1So he took in the boy.所以他就收留了这个男孩。例2Dont be taken in by his promises.别被他的诺言所欺骗。4.take off 脱下；起飞；打折扣；请假，休息例1He took off his glasses and looked up.他取下眼镜，抬头看了看。例2When did the plane take off? 飞机是什么时候起飞的？例3Can you take five dollars of

32、f the price? 你可以减价五美元吗？例4I want to take a day off (from work).我想休假一天。5.take on聘用；显现；承担或担任(工作或责任等)例1The company decided to take on a new secretary.这家公司决定聘一个新秘书。例2Her face took on a new expression.她的脸上露出了新的表情。例3He advised me not to take on too much work.他建议我不要承担太多的工作。6.take over 接替，接管，继承例1Who will tak

33、e over his job? 他的工作由谁来接替？例2Would you like me to take over the driving for a while? 你愿意让我接替你开一会儿车吗？7.take up开始(学习或从事等)；占去(时间或空间)例1He dropped medicine and took up physics.他放弃学医，开始学物理。例2The table takes up too much room.这桌子太占地方了。8.take sb.(sth.) for (to be)把某人(某物)当作 例1He took her smile for agreement.他把

34、她的微笑视为同意。例2I took him for Mr.Smith.我错把他看成是史密斯先生。9.It takes (sb.) some time to do sth.做某事花(某人)时间例It will take three hours to go there by bus.坐公共汽车去要花三个小时。（六）TURN1.turn down调小;拒绝例1That radio is pretty loud.Can you turn it down a little? 收音机声音太响，你能开小点吗？例2The company turned down his proposal.公司拒绝了他的建议。2

35、.turn on 打开；向突然袭击例1Could you turn on the bath for me while youre upstairs? 你在楼上的时候能帮我打开浴缸的水龙头吗?例2The dog suddenly turned on him.那狗突然向他扑过来。3.turn off关掉；使失去兴趣例Please turn off the electric power.请把电源关掉。4.turn out结果是，证明是；制造，生产例1It turns out to be true.事实证明是真的。例2This factory turns out bicycles.这家工厂生产自行车。

36、5.turn over 交出；转换；改变例1A big wave turned over the fishing boat.巨浪打翻了渔船。例2He turned over the business to his son.他把生意交给了他的儿子。例3Lets turn overthis is really boring.换台吧，这个频道太无聊了。6.turn to 翻到；转向；向求助例1Please turn to page 105.请翻到105页。例2So for years men have turned to the sea to earn their living.因此多年以来人们转向

37、海洋谋生。例3Whenever she was in trouble she turned to him for help.每当她遇到困难时，就找他帮忙。7.turn up出现；到达；开大音量；被发现或找到例1He promised to come but hasnt turned up yet.他答应来，但还没有露面。例2I cant hear the radio very well， could you turn it up a bit？ 我听不太清楚收音机，你能把音量调大一点吗？例3Im sure your watch will turn up one of these days.我相信你的手表总有一天会找到的。8.turn in 上床睡觉；上交；归还；面向内例1Now we wait for them to turn in their essays.现在我们等待他们交出论文。例2Would you like some tea before you turn in.你睡觉前想喝点茶吗？8