人教版（2019）必修第三册 高中英语 Unit4Space Exploration Discovering Useful Structures 素材.docx

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1、Unit 4 Discovering useful structures不定式做定语和状语I have a lot of work to do.There was nothing to be done.To illustrate my point, I have done a comparative analysis.Many farmers water their crops to make them grow more quickly.We dont have enough paper to write on.To prevent it coming nearer, the governm

2、ent is planting trees.Can you find a proper person to finish this job in time?我的发现(1)不定式在句中作定语的句子为.(2)不定式在句中作状语为.(3)由句可知，不定式的被动式为to be done.一、动词不定式的构成不定式由“to+动词原形”构成，其否定形式是“not to do。二、动词不定式的时态和语态态态 语时主动被动一般式to doto be done进行式to be doing完成式to have doneto have been done完成进行式To have been doing1 .不定式的一

3、般式：表示不定式的动作与谓语动词同时（几乎同时）发生 或在谓语动词之后发生。I hope to see you next week.我希望下周能见到你。rd like to be told whafs going on.我希望被告知正在发生什么。2 .不定式的进行式：表示不定式的动作与谓语动词同时发生且正在进行。I happened to be watching TV when she called.她打电话来时，我恰巧正在看 电视。3 .不定式的完成式：表示不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前。They seem to have cleaned the house.他们似乎已经打扫过这座房子了。T

4、he factory is reported to have been burnt down.据报道这家工厂己经被烧毁 了。4 .不定式的被动语态：不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者 而非发出者She felt puzzled to be asked such a question.被问 了这样一个问题，她很疑惑。 三、动词不定式的语法功能.动词不定式作定语具体用法例句动词不定式作定语常放在名词或不定代词后面作后置定语，表示尚未发生的动作。We have much homework to do tonight.今晚我们有许多作业要做。名词前有first, last, next, on

5、ly等词以及 最高级修饰时，其后要用动词不定式。She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.她是第一位在奥运会上获得金牌的女性。抽象名词 attempt, ability, chance, desire, determination, decision, plan, way 或不 定代词something, nothing等后面常用不 定式作后置定语。Janis Adkins has the ability and desire to do useful work.詹尼斯,阿德金斯有能力和愿望去做有用的工

6、 作。当名词与定语之间存在主谓关系时。We must find a person to do the job.我们必须找一个做这份工作的人。注意1 .动词不定式作定语时，要放在它所修饰的名词或代词后面。Attention, please.The astronaut has something important to say.请注意，这名宇航员有重要的事情要说。2 .如果不定式是不及物动词，后面就应有必要的介词。但当动词不定式修 饰的名词是time, place或way时，不定式中的介词一般可以省去。Give me a piece of paper to write on.给我一张纸写字。He

7、 had money and no place to live.二、动词不定式作状语1 .表示目的She went to the hospital to/ in order to/ so as to see her grandfather yesterday.昨天她去医院看望了她爷爷。To/ In order to keep up with others, the intelligent young man has been workingvery hard.为了赶上别人，这个聪明的年轻人一直在努力学习。总结：作目的状语的不定式前，常加上in order或so as,但so as不能位于句首。

8、2 .表示结果He is not so intelligent as to do that.他还没有聪明到做那种事。The astronaut is such a hard-working person as to make great achievements.这名飞行员如此勤奋，结果他取得了巨大成就。The girl is old enough to do her own things independently.这个女孩足够大了，可以独立地做自己的事情了。The Californian ship arrived too late to save more people.加利福尼亚号来得太

9、晚，没能挽救更多的人。He hurried to the agency, only to find the manager had left.他匆忙赶到代理处，却发现经理已经离开了。总结：动词不定式作状语表示结果时常用如下结构：so +形容词/副词+ as to do如此以致such+形容词+名词+as to do如此以致enough +名词+ to do /形容词/副词+ enough + to do足够去做too+形容词/副词+to do太以致不能不定式短语表示结果时，常与only连用，暗示一种意外的结果。3 .表75原因Im disappointed to hear you lack t

10、he patience. 听到你缺乏耐心我很失望。I am more than delighted to hear that you have won the first prize in the contest. 我非常高兴地得知你在比赛中获得了一等奖。总结：不定式作原因状语，常用在某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词后。4 . “be+性质形容词+不定式”结构中The procedure is difficult to carry on.这个步骤不易继续。I am easy to get along with, so I will be fit for the position.我容易相处，因此，我胜任这个职位。总结：“be+性质形容词+不定式”结构中的不定式用主动形式表被动意义，如果 不定式的动词是不及物动词，需要加上相应的介词，常见的形容词有:easy,hard, difficult, interesting, heavy, pleasant, light, good, fit, comfortable, safe, dangerous, impossible 等。