2022届高考英语：独立主格结构.pdf

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1、2022届高考英语备考：独立主格结构独立主格结构是考点非谓语部分的难点，应该引起大家的足够重视。独立主格结构又被称为独立结构，即它是用名词或代词充当的“独立的”、与主句主语不同的逻辑主语，逻辑主语之后可由多种结构充当其主语补语。独立主格结构和一个完整的句子用在一起，可位于句首或句尾，而且一般以逗号和句子分开，通常在句中起时间、条件、原因、方式或伴随状语的作用。下面对其构成方式以及语法功能作简要介绍。一、名 词（代 词）+现在分词短语名词或代词与动词-ing短语表示它们在逻辑上一般是主谓关系。例如：1 .We explored the caves,Peter acting as a guide.

2、我们到那山洞探险，彼得做向导。2.The storm having destroyed their hut,they had to live in a cave.暴雨把房子冲坏，他们只好住在一个窑洞里。注意：如果以上结构中的动词-ing短语中含有being时，一般可将其省略，如下面的例3和 例4；但若独立主格结构中逻辑主语为代词时则不可省略，如下面的例5和 例6。3.The meeting（being）over,we went on to work in the workshop.（时间）会议结束后，我们回到车间继续工作。4.Tod looked at the million-pound no

3、te,his eyes（being）wide open.（伴 随）托德看着这张百万大钞，目瞪口呆。5.It being Sunday,we went climbing.（原 因）因为是星期天，所以我们去爬山了。6.That being the case,well have to reconsider the whole thing.情况既然如此，整个这件事我们就得重新考虑了。二、名 词（代 词）+过去分词短语过去分词表示的动作与名词或代词在逻辑上是动宾关系，即逻辑主语与其后的动作为被动关系。例如：1 .All things considered,I think we ought to give

4、 the job to George.（条件）各方面考虑起来，我们应当把这项工作给乔治。2.He lay on his back,his hands crossed under his head.他脸朝天头枕着双手躺着。三、名 词（代 词）+不定式短语名词或代词与动词不定式在逻辑上是主谓关系，动词不定式可表示“将来”含义，即动词不定式表示的动作将要发生。例如：1 .She to help me with my Japanese,I feel very happy.她将帮我学习日语，我感到很高兴。2.Nobody to come tomorrow,we will have to put off

5、the meeting till next week.如果明天没有人来，我们就只好将会议延期到下周。四、名 词（代 词）+介词短语在此结构中，若逻辑主语和介词短语中的名词都是单数可数名词时，这两个名词前不用任何冠词或物主代词。The boy followed that man here,and climbed in,sword in hand.少年跟那个人到这里，拿着剑爬进来。五、名 词（代 词）+形 容 词（短 语）1 .The largest collection ever found in England was one of about 200,000 silverpennies,al

6、l of them over 600 years old.英格兰发现的最大一堆硬币是20万枚银制的便士，它 们 全 都 是600多年前制作的。2.The old man sat down,his face pale with pain and traces of tears still on hischeeks.老头坐了下来，由于痛苦脸色苍白，两颊上还带有泪痕。六、名 词（代 词）+副 词（短 语）1 .The war over,the people began to rebuild their country.战争结束了，人们开始重建家园。2.He put on his socks wron

7、g side ou t.他袜子穿反了。七、名 词（代 词）+名词1 .Forty people got killed in the accident,seven of them children.40个人在那次事故中丧生，其中有七个小孩。2.He fired again,his first shot failure.他第一枪没击中，又打了第二枪。巩固练习：1.The children went home from the grammar school,their lessons for the day.A.finishing B.finished C.had finished D.were f

8、inished2.The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecrafts,the most recentat the end of last March.A.has been launched B.having been launchedC.being launched D.to be launched3.1 send you 100 dollars today,the rest in a year.A.follows B.followedC.to follow D.being followed4.Tom looked at Jen

9、ny,tears his eyes,and shouted out the words in hisheart for years.A.filling；having been hidden B.filled；hiddenC.filling；hidden D.filled；hiding5.The Chicago Bulls used to be made up of the best basketballplayers in the United S ta te s,b la c k Americans.A.most of them B.most of which C.most of whom

10、D.most of it6.the thief was caught by the students.A.There being nowhere to hide B.There was nowhere to hideC.There is nowhere to hide D.There nowhere to hide7.Everything into consideration,they ought to have another chance.A.to take B.taken C.is taken D.taking8.The d e c is io n,what it is to be do

11、ne now is how to carry it out.A.been made B.has been madeC.having been made D.have been making9.So many friends absent,we decided to put the party.A.were;off B.being;off C.were;away D.being;away10.T h e y,the meeting was held according to the schedule.A.having all arrived B.arrivingC.all arrived D.h

12、ave all arrived11.the reading room,Li Ying was found reading a magazine on science there.A.Her classmates entered B.That her classmates enteredC.Her classmates entering D.Her classmates entering12.They are watching the basketball game with deep in t e r e s t,.A.their eyes wide open B.their eyes wid

13、e openedC.their eyes wide opening D.their eyes to open wide13.,I attended the meeting instead of him last Sunday.A.He was ill B.His being illC.Him being ill D.He being ill14.The children were making a s n o w m a n,.A.their hands are red with the coldB.their hands been red with the coldC.their hands

14、 have been red with the coldD.their hands red with the cold15.He rushed into the room,his face with sweat.A.covered B.covering C.to cover D.to be covered 16.,he drew a conclusion.A.The experiment having doneB.The experiment makingC.The experiment having been doneD.The experiment made17.The car ran into a crowd of middle school s tu d e n ts,tohospital immediately.A.two of whom sent B.two of them sentC.two of whom are sent D.two of them sending