考研资料2019-2021英语二真题与答案.pdf

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1、绝密启用前2019年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（二）试题（科目代码：201）考生注意事项1.答题前，考生须在试题册指定位置上填写考生编号和考生姓名；在答题卡指定位置上填写报考单位、考生姓名和考生编号，并涂写考生编号信息点。2.考生须把试题册上的“试卷条形码”粘贴条取下，粘贴在答题卡的“试卷条形码粘贴位置”框中。不按规定粘贴条形码而影响评卷结果的，责任由考生自负。3.选择题的答案必须涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上，非选择题的答案必须书写在答题卡指定位置的边框区域内。超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题册上答题无效。4.填（书）写部分必须使用黑色字迹签字笔书写，字迹工整、笔迹清楚；涂写部分必须

2、使用2B铅笔填涂。5.考试结束，将答题卡和试题册按规定交回。（以下信息考生必须认真填写）考生编号考生姓名有道考神考研英语试题 01（共16页）Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Weighing yourself regularly is a wonderful way to stay aware of any sign

3、ificant weight fluctuations.1 ,when done too often,this habit can sometimes hurt more than it 2 .As for me,weighing myself every day caused me to shift my focus from being generally healthy and physically active,to focusing 3 on the scale.That was bad to my overall fitness goals.I had gained weight

4、in the form of muscle mass,but thinking only of 4 the number on the scale,I altered my training program.That conflicted with how I needed to train to 5 my goals.I also found that weighing myself daily did not provide an accurate 6 of the hard work and progress I was making in the gym.It takes about

5、three weeks to a month to notice significant changes in your weight 7 altering your training program.The most 8 changes will be observed in skill level,strength and inches lost.For these 9 ,I stopped weighing myself every day and switched to a bimonthly weighing schedule 10 .Since weight loss is not

6、 my goal,it is less important for me to 11 my weight each week.Weighing every other week allows me to observe and 12 any significant weight changes.That tells me whether I need to 13 my training program.I use my bimonthly weigh-in 14 to get information about my nutrition as well.If my training inten

7、sity remains the same,but Im constantly 15 and dropping weight,this is a 16 5that I need to increase my daily caloric intake.The 17 to stop weighing myself every day has done wonders for my overall health,fitness and well-being.Im experiencing increased zeal for working out since I no longer carry t

8、he burden of a 18 morning weigh-in.Ive also experienced greater success in achieving my specific fitness goals,19 Im training according to those 有道考神考研英语试题 02（共16页）goals,not the numbers on a scale.Rather than 20 over the scale,turn your focus to how you look,feel,how your clothes fit and your overal

9、l energy level.1.A Besides B Therefore C Otherwise D However 2.A helps B cares C warns D reduces 3.A initially B solely C occasionally D formally 4.A recording B lowering C explaining D accepting 5.A modify B set C review D reach 6.A definition B depiction C distribution D prediction 7.A due to B re

10、gardless of C aside from D along with 8.A orderly B rigid C precise D immediate 9.A claims B judgments C reasons D methods10.A instead B though C again D indeed11.A track B overlook C conceal D report12.A depend on B approve of C hold onto D account for13.A share B adjust C confirm D prepare14.A res

11、ults B features C rules D tests15.A bored B anxious C hungry D sick16.A principle B secret C belief D sign17.A request B necessity C decision D wish18.A disappointing B surprising C restricting D consuming19.A if B unless C until D because20.A obsessing B dominating C puzzling D triumphing有道考神考研英语试题

12、 03（共16页）Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions after each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)Text 1Unlike so-called basic emotions such as sadness,fear,and anger,guilt emerges a little later,in co

13、njunction with a childs growing grasp of social and moral norms.Children arent born knowing how to say“Im sorry”;rather,they learn over time that such statements appease parents and friends and their own consciences.This is why researchers generally regard so-called moral guilt,in the right amount,t

14、o be a good thing.In the popular imagination,of course,guilt still gets a bad rap.It is deeply uncomfortable its the emotional equivalent of wearing a jacket weighted with stones.Yet this understanding is outdated.“There has been a kind of revival or a rethinking about what guilt is and what role gu

15、ilt can serve,”says Amrisha Vaish,a psychology researcher at the University of Virginia,adding that this revival is part of a larger recognition that emotions arent binary feelings that may be advantageous in one context may be harmful in another.Jealousy and anger,for example,may have evolved to al

16、ert us to important inequalities.Too much happiness can be destructive.And guilt,by prompting us to think more deeply about our goodness,can encourage humans to make up for errors and fix relationships.Guilt,in other words,can help hold a cooperative species together.It is a kind of social glue.View

17、ed in this light,guilt is an opportunity.Work by Tina Malti,a psychology professor at the University of Toronto,suggests that guilt may compensate for an emotional deficiency.In a number of studies,Malti and others have shown that guilt and sympathy may represent different pathways to cooperation an

18、d sharing.Some kids who are low in sympathy may make up for that shortfall by experiencing more guilt,which can rein in their nastier impulses.And vice versa:High sympathy can substitute 有道考神考研英语试题 04（共16页）for low guilt.In a 2014 study,for example,Malti looked at 244 children.Using caregiver assessm

19、ents and the childrens self-observations,she rated each childs overall sympathy level and his or her tendency to feel negative emotions after moral transgressions.Then the kids were handed chocolate coins,and given a chance to share them with an anonymous child.For the low-sympathy kids,how much the

20、y shared appeared to turn on how inclined they were to feel guilty.The guilt-prone ones shared more,even though they hadnt magically become more sympathetic to the other childs deprivation.“Thats good news,”Malti says,“We can be prosocial because we caused harm and we feel regret.”21.Researchers thi

21、nk that guilt can be a good thing because it may help .A regulate a childs basic emotions B improve a childs intellectual abilityC foster a childs moral development D intensify a childs positive feelings22.According to Paragraph 2,many people still consider guilt to be .A deceptive B burdensome C ad

22、dictive D inexcusable 23.Vaish holds that the rethinking about guilt comes from an awareness that .A emotions are context-independentB emotions are socially constructiveC emotional stability can benefit healthD an emotion can play opposing roles24.Malti and others have shown that cooperation and sha

23、ring .A may help correct emotional deficienciesB can result from either sympathy or guiltC can bring about emotional satisfactionD may be the outcome of impulsive acts25.The word“transgressions”(Line 4,Para.5)is closest in meaning to .A teachings B discussions C restrictions D wrongdoings有道考神考研英语试题

24、05（共16页）Text 2Forests give us shade,quiet and one of the harder challenges in the fight against climate change.Even as we humans count on forests to soak up a good share of the carbon dioxide we produce,we are threatening their ability to do so.The climate change we are hastening could one day leave

25、 us with forests that emit more carbon than they absorb.Thankfully,there is a way out of this trap but it involves striking a subtle balance.Helping forests flourish as valuable“carbon sinks”long into the future may require reducing their capacity to absorb carbon now.California is leading the way,a

26、s it does on so many climate efforts,in figuring out the details.The states proposed Forest Carbon Plan aims to double efforts to thin out young trees and clear brush in parts of the forest.This temporarily lowers carbon-carrying capacity.But the remaining trees draw a greater share of the available

27、 moisture,so they grow and thrive,restoring the forests capacity to pull carbon from the air.Healthy trees are also better able to fend off insects.The landscape is rendered less easily burnable.Even in the event of a fire,fewer trees are consumed.The need for such planning is increasingly urgent.Al

28、ready,since 2010,drought and insects have killed over 100 million trees in California,most of them in 2016 alone,and wildfires have burned hundreds of thousands of acres.California plans to treat 35,000 acres of forest a year by 2020,and 60,000 by 2030 financed from the proceeds of the state s emiss

29、ion-permit auctions.Thats only a small share of the total acreage that could benefit,about half a million acres in all,so it will be vital to prioritize areas at greatest risk of fire or drought.The strategy also aims to ensure that carbon in woody material removed from the forests is locked away in

30、 the form of solid lumber or burned as biofuel in vehicles that would otherwise run on fossil fuels.New research on transportation biofuels is already under way.State governments are well accustomed to managing forests,but traditionally theyve focused on wildlife,watersheds and opportunities for rec

31、reation.Only recently have they come to see the vital part forests will have to play in storing carbon.有道考神考研英语试题 06（共16页）Californias plan,which is expected to be finalized by the governor next year,should serve as a model.26.By saying“one of the harder challenges,”the author implies that .A global

32、climate change may get out of controlB people may misunderstand global warmingC extreme weather conditions may ariseD forests may become a potential threat27.To maintain forests as valuable“carbon sinks,”we may need to .A preserve the diversity of species in themB accelerate the growth of young tree

33、sC strike a balance among different plantsD lower their present carbon-absorbing capacity28.Californias Forest Carbon Plan endeavors to .A cultivate more drought-resistant treesB reduce the density of some of its forestsC find more effective ways to kill insectsD restore its forests quickly after wi

34、ldfires29.What is essential to Californias plan according to Paragraph 5?A To handle the areas in serious danger first.B To carry it out before the year of 2020.C To perfect the emissions-permit auctions.D To obtain enough financial support.30.The authors attitude to Californias plan can best be des

35、cribed as .A ambiguousB tolerantC supportiveD cautious有道考神考研英语试题 07（共16页）Text 3American farmers have been complaining of labor shortages for several years.The complaints are unlikely to stop without an overhaul of immigration rules for farm workers.Congress has obstructed efforts to create a more st

36、raightforward visa for agricultural workers that would let foreign workers stay longer in the U.S.and change jobs within the industry.If this doesnt change,American businesses,communities and consumers will be the losers.Perhaps half of U.S.farm laborers are undocumented immigrants.As fewer such wor

37、kers enter the country,the characteristics of the agricultural workforce are changing.Todays farm laborers,while still predominantly born in Mexico,are more likely to be settled rather than migrating and more likely to be married than single.They are also aging.At the start of this century,about one

38、-third of crop workers were over the age of 35.Now,more than half are.And picking crop is hard on older bodies.One oft-debated cure for this labor shortage remains as implausible as its been all along:Native U.S.workers wont be returning to the farm.Mechanization isnt the answer,either not yet,at le

39、ast.Production of corn,cotton,rice,soybeans,and wheat has been largely mechanized,but many high-value,labor-intensive crops,such as strawberries,need labor.Even dairy farms,where robots do a small share of milking,have a long way to go before they are automated.As a result,farms have grown increasin

40、gly reliant on temporary guest workers using the H-2A visa to fill the gaps in the workforce.Starting around 2012,requests for the visas rose sharply;from 2011 to 2016 the number of visas issued more than doubled.The H-2A visa has no numerical cap,unlike the H-2B visa for nonagricultural work,which

41、is limited to 66,000 a year.Even so,employers complain they arent given all the workers they need.The process is cumbersome,expensive and unreliable.One survey found that bureaucratic delays led the average H-2A worker to arrive on the job 22 days late.The shortage is compounded by federal immigrati

42、on raids,which remove some workers and drive others underground.有道考神考研英语试题 08（共16页）In a 2012 survey,71 percent of tree-fruit growers and almost 80 percent of raisin and berry growers said they were short of labor.Some western farmers have responded by moving operations to Mexico.From 1998 to 2000,14

43、.5 percent of the fruit Americans consumed was imported.Little more than a decade later,the share of imports was 25.8 percent.In effect,the U.S.can import food or it can import the workers who pick it.31.What problem should be addressed according to the first two paragraphs?A Discrimination against

44、foreign workers in the U.S.B Biased laws in favor of some American businesses.C Flaws in U.S.immigration rules for farm workers.D Decline of job opportunities in U.S.agriculture.32.One trouble with U.S.agricultural workforce is .A the rising number of illegal immigrantsB the high mobility of crop wo

45、rkersC the lack of experienced laborersD the aging of immigrant farm workers33.What is the much-argued solution to the labor shortage in U.S.farming?A To attract younger laborers to farm work.B To get native U.S.workers back to farming.C To use more robots to grow high-value crops.D To strengthen fi

46、nancial support for farmers.34.Agricultural employers complain about the H-2A visa for its .A slow granting procedures B limit on duration of stayC tightened requirements D control of annual admissions35.Which of the following could be the best title for this text?A U.S.Agriculture in Decline?B Impo

47、rt Food or Labor?C America Saved by Mexico?D Manpower vs.Automation?有道考神考研英语试题 09（共16页）Text 4Arnold Schwarzenegger,Dia Mirza and Adrian Grenier have a message for you:Its easy to beat plastic.Theyre part of a bunch of celebrities starring in a new video for World Environment Day encouraging you,the

48、consumer,to swap out your single-use plastic staples to combat the plastics crisis.The key messages that have been put together for World Environment Day do include a call for governments to enact legislation to curb single-use plastics.But the overarching message is directed at individuals.My conce

49、rn with leaving it up to the individual,however,is our limited sense of what needs to be achieved.On their own,taking our own bags to the grocery store or quitting plastic straws,for example,will accomplish little and require very little of us.They could even be harmful,satisfying a need to have“don

50、e our bit”without ever progressing onto bigger,bolder,more effective actions a kind of“moral licensing”that eases our concerns and stops us doing more and asking more of those in charge.While the conversation around our environment and our responsibility toward it remains centered on shopping bags a