2023届上海市黄浦区高三下学期二模英语试卷(含答案解析).docx
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1、2023届上海市黄浦区高三下学期二模英语试卷学校:姓名:班级:考号:一、用单词的适当形式完成短文Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word tha
2、t best fits each blank.The cost of complexity in supply chainsAdam Smith, the father of modem capitalism, famously thought that fair markets required a common moral framework between buyer and seller. Thafs no surprise, considering that his ideas came out of the 18th-century marketplace, in producer
3、s and consumers were likely to be neighbours. Advances in technology, transport and communications have taken us a long way since then, 2 (create) complex global supply chains. These 3 (reduce) consumer prices but introduced risks of their own, from labour exploitation and environmental degradation.
4、One of the costs of these supply chains has been the rise of powerful corporate middlemen between home buyers and sellers. These middlemen, including Big Tech platforms like Amazon, make it possible for us to buy goods made 4 the other side of the world, but this connective power is threatening acco
5、untability by creating so much separation between buyers and sellers 5 its impossible to match up with the real cost of convenience and low prices.There are plenty of examples 6 (support) the case, from textiles made with child labour, to the unequal rents taken by middlemen in financial services or
6、 platform technology. In the latter, lack of information equality makes it difficult for market participants to have a(n) 7 (share) understanding of what is being bought and sold.The two big questions are how to create system change and 8 will bear the cost of it. There are no simple answers to 9 of
7、 the questions, though technology offers new possibilities to connect buyers and sellers. Direct-to-consumer retailers and 3D printing, which 10 (allow) for shorter supply chains, are both examples of this, though neither currently provides anywhere near the scale to replace current systems of finan
8、ce or manufacturing.content creators, which will take time.六、概要写作51 . Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Why youre more creative in coffee shopsSome of the most successfu
9、l people in history have done their best work in coffee shops. Pablo Picasso, JK Rowling, Bob Dylan - whether they9re painters, writers or singer-songwriters, people across nations and centuries have tapped into their creativity working away at a table in a cafe.There are many ways coffee shops acti
10、vate our creativity in a way offices and homes dont. Some of us stick in our earbuds as soon as we sit down to work in a public setting. But a 2012 study published in the Journal of Consumer Research showed that a low-to-moderate level of relaxing noise on all sides in a place like a cafeteria can a
11、ctually increase your creative output. The idea is that if you,re very slightly distracted from the task at hand by background noise, it enhances your abstract thinking ability, which can lead to more creative idea generation.Another study from 2019 had similar findings, that is, the right amount of
12、 noise benefits our senses. And audio stimuli in the background also help us improve decision making.Theres also the fact that in a coffee shop, were surrounded by people whove come to do the same thing as us, which acts as a motivator. A 2016 study backed up this idea when researchers asked partici
13、pants sitting next to each other in front of a computer to do a task on the same screen. The study showed that “simply performing a task next to a person who makes a lot of effort in a task will make you do the same. One of the biggest things about coffee shops is the social-facilitation effect: you
14、 go there, you see other people working and it puts you in a mood where you just naturally start working as well.七、汉译英(整句)52 .每逢节假日,很多热门酒店往往一房难求。(It)(汉译英)53 .我们在那场足球赛中的失利是众多因素共同作用的结果。(contribute)(汉译英)54 .为了避免在检票口排长队,他提早很久到达了机场。(before)(汉译英)55 .非盈利机构是我们社会的重要组成部分,为有需要的人提供服务,帮助他们重拾生 活的信心。(need)(汉译英)八、申
15、请信56 . Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.假设你是海平中学高三学生李明,你所在的社区将在暑假开设面向小学生的日间托管服 务,现招募社区高中生志愿者,要求每一位志愿者能根据自己的特长开设一门微课程。 请写一封应聘信(信中请不要出现真实的个人信息),信的内容须包括:1)简单的自我介绍;2)你准备开设的微课程的名称和主要内容;3)你开设这门微课程的理由。参考答案:1. which 2. creating 3.
16、 have reduced 4. on 5. that 6. to support 7. shared8. who 9. either 10. allow【导语】本文为一篇议论文。人类得益于技术、运输和通信的进步,创造出了复杂的全球供 应链,从而降低了消费价格,但也带来了跟多问题,如劳动力剥削和环境退化,新式的供应 链分离了买卖双方,导致信息不平等,要进行系统变革,谁来为此买单,暂时没有简单的答 案。1 .考查非限制性定语从句的关系代词。句意:这并不奇怪,因为他的想法来自18世纪的市 场,在这个市场中,生产者和消费者很可能是邻居。设空处考查非限制性定语从句的关系代 词,先行词为marketpl
17、ace,在从句中作地点状语,in后用关系代词which,引导从句。故填 which o2 .考查非谓语动词。句意:从那时起,技术、运输和通信的进步带我们走了很长的路,创 造了复杂的全球供应链。设空处为结果状语,应用现在分词creating,意为“创造,创建。 故填 creating o3 .考查时态。句意:这些措施降低了消费价格,但也带来了自身的风险,包括劳动力剥削 和环境恶化。根据前一句的时态,此处也用现在完成时,表示过去的动作对现在的影响,主 语为These,助动词用have。故填have reduced04 .考查介词。句意:这些中间商,包括亚马逊这样的大型科技平台,让我们有可能购买到
18、世界另一端制造的商品,但这种联系的力量正在威胁着问责制,因为它在买家和卖家之间制 造了如此多的分离,以至于不可能与便利和低价的实际成本相匹配。此处考查介词短语on the other side of,意为“在的另一边”,作地点状语;设空处应用介词on。故填on。5 .考查连接词。句意:这些中间商,包括亚马逊这样的大型科技平台,让我们有可能购买 到世界另一端制造的商品,但这种联系的力量正在威胁着问责制,因为它在买家和卖家之间 制造了如此多的分离,以至于不可能与便利和低价的实际成本相匹配。此处考查sothat., that引导结果状语从句。设空处应用that。故填that。6 .考查非谓语动词。句
19、意:有很多例子可以支持这一观点,从童工制造的纺织品,到金融 服务或平台技术中中间商收取的不平等租金。设空处为动词不定式,作examples的后置定 语。故填 to support。7 .考查形容词。句意:在后者中,缺乏信息平等使得市场参与者很难对正在买卖的东西有 一个共同的理解。设空处修饰名词understanding,应用形容词shared,意为“分享的,共有 的“,为前置定语。故填shared。8 .考查表语从句的引导词。句意:两大问题是如何进行制度改革,以及谁将承担改革的成 本。设空处引导表语从句,缺主语,为人,故用who引导从句。故填who。9 .考查代词。句意:这两个问题都没有简单的
20、答案,但技术为连接买家和卖家提供了新的 可能性。根据句意,设空处应用代词either,作to的宾语,指两者中的任何一个。故填either。10 .考查动词时态。句意:直接面向消费者的零售商和3D打印,使得供应链更短,都是这 方面的例子,尽管目前这两种技术的规模都不足以取代当前的金融或制造系统。空处为定语 从句的谓语动词,陈述客观事实,用一般现在时,主语which指代先行Direct-to-consumer retailers and 3D printing,因此which是复数意义,谓语动词用原形。故填allow。11 . C 12. K 13. H 14. G 15. B 16. F 17.
21、 J 18. D 19. E20. I【导语】本文为一篇新闻报道。这是一篇说明文。主要讲述了有些手机应用程序可让顾客以 低价程序买到要被浪费的食物。他们声称这么做可以避免食物浪费,保护环境。11 .考查名词。句意:这个概念很简单:餐馆和杂货店每天扔掉大量的食物。根据上文“Around the country, apps that connect customers to businesses with leftover food have begun to spread.(在全国各地,把顾客和有剩饭剩菜的商家联系起来的应用程序已经开始普及广可知,那些 app的宗旨是不浪费粮食,设空处应选名词c
22、oncept,意为“概念,观念”,指代上句的leftover food的概念,作主语。符合语境。故选C项。12 .考查动词。句意:Too Good To G。和Flashfood等应用程序不会将其丢弃,而是帮助企 业以低价出售。根据上句The 1 is simple: Restaurants and grocery stores throw away huge amounts of food every day.(这个概念很简单:餐馆和杂货店每天扔掉大量的食物。户 可知,在没有app之前,餐馆杂货店会把大量食物扔到垃圾桶,设空处应用动词trash,意 为“丢弃,去除“,作Rather than
23、的宾语。故选K项。13 .考查动词。句意:在美国,12个城市的顾客可以在Too Good To G。上浏览餐馆和商店, 然后预订通常价值4到6美元的“惊喜包、里面的食物价格大约是这个价格的三倍。根据语 境,设空处应用动词priced,意为“为定价,标价。为过去分词,与have been构成现在完成时的被动语态,作定语从句的谓语动词。故选H项。14 .考查名词。句意:一些食物浪费专家乐观地表示,这类应用程序有助于限制食物浪费。 根据句中的“that these types of apps could help limit the amount of wasted fbod”可知,专家们对 这类应
24、用程序的作用意义很看好,设空处应选名词。ptimism,意为“乐观;乐观主义”,作 expressed的宾语。故选G项。15 .考查动词。句意:尽管慈善组织经常将餐馆和杂货店不需要的食物转移到食品银行和社 区厨房,但所有这些解决方案都有共存的空间。根据语境,设空处应用动词coexist,意为“同 时存在,共存”,此处填其原形和t。构成不定式结构,作space的定语。故选B项。16 .考查副词。句意:据对几家在Too Good to G。网站上销售的公司的采访,一个复杂的问 题是,至少有几件商品并不一定是买家眼中的“食物垃圾: 此处考查短语not necessarily, 意为“未必,不一定故选
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