学业水平考试英语重点知识点五篇.docx
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1、学业水平考试英语重点知识点五篇高中英语学业水平考试知识点1直接引语和间接引语(一)直接引述别人的原话,叫做直接引语;用自己话转述别人的 话,叫做间接引语。间接引语一般构成宾语从句。直接引语必须放 在引号内,间接引语则不用引号。直接引语改为间接引语时,除将 引语部分变成宾语从句外,还必须对直接引语中的人称、时态、指 示代词、时间状语、地点状语等进行改变。1.时态的变化:直接引语变为间接引语时,通常受转述动词 said, asked等的影响而使用过去化的时态,即把原来的时态向过 去推,也就是一般现在时变为一般过去时,现在进行时变为过去进 行时,等等。例如:Tom said to me, “My b
2、rother is doing his homework. ”- Tom said to me that his brother was doing his homework.2.人称代词、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等等的变化:根 据意义进行相应的变化,例如:She asked Jack, Where have you been?”-She asked Jack where he had been.He said, “These books are mine. ”fHe said that those books were his.(二)直接引语改为间接引语时,都使用陈述语序,但是因为原句
3、的句式不同,所以变成间接引语时所用的连词会有所不同。直接引 语如果是一般疑问句,用连接词whether或if;如果是特殊疑问 句,则用疑问词引导间接引语。转述的动词一般用asked,可以在 其后加上一个间接宾语me, him, her, us等。如:She said, “Is your father at home?”f She asked me if/whether my father was at home.“What do you do every Sunday?” My friend asked me.f My friend asked me what I did every Sund
4、ay.直接引语如果是祈使句,改为间接引语时,要将祈使句的动词原 形变为带to的不定式,并在不定式的前面根据原句的语气(即请求 或命令)加上ask, tell, order等动词,如果祈使句为否定式,则 在不定式前加 noto 其句型为:ask / tell / order someone (not) to do something,例如:She said to us, “Please sit down. ”f She asked us to sit down.He said to him, “Go away!”fHe ordered him to go away.He said, Don t
5、make so much noise, boys. ”fHe told the boys not to make so much noise.高中英语学业水平考试知识点21、at如:常用词组有:at noon, at night表示时间的at, in, on:表示片刻的时间,at 8 o clock, at midnight, at the end of, at that time, at the beginning of, at the age of, at Christmas, at New Year 等。in表示一段的时间如:in the morning, in the afternoo
6、n, in the evening, in October, in 1998, in summer, in the past, in the future 等。on 总是跟日子有关, on Monday, on Christmas morning, on the following, on May Day, on a warm morning 等。2、表示时间的since和from: since表示从过去到现在的一 段时间的过程,常与现在完成时连用:from表示从时间的某一点开 始,不涉及与现在的关系。一般多与现在时、过去时、将来时连 用。如:I hope to do morning exer
7、cises from today. / We have not seen each other since 1995.3、表示时间的in和after:两者都表示“在(某个时间)之 后,区别在于in表示“在(一段时间)之后”,而after则表示 “在(某一具体时间点之后),in短语和将来时态连用,after短语 和过去时态或将来时态连用。如:We 11 be back in three days.After seven the rain began to fall.What shall we do after graduation?After two months he returned. 注意
8、:after 有时也可以表示 在一段时间之后(常用在过去时里)4、表示地理位置的in, on, to: in表示在某范围内,on指与 什么毗邻,to指在某环境范围之外如:Changchun is in the northeast of China. / Mongolia is on the north of China. / Japan is tothe east of China.5、表示“在上”的on和in: on只表示在某物的表面上,而用in表示占去某物一部分,表示上。如:There is a book on the piece of paper. / There is an inter
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