雅思阅读分类词汇.docx
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1、雅思阅读分类词汇1 .自然与环境问题conservation 保护,保存environmentalist = conservationistacid酸;酸的alkali 碱;carbon 碳(C) vs. charcoal (炭)carbon dioxide, carbon monoxidefume exhaust fumes vs. smoke, fog, smog petroleum 石油 petrol (BE) = gasoline/gas (AE)ozone 臭氧(o + zone)ozone layerooze渗出渗出物radiation 辐射 ultraviolet (UV) ra
2、diationradioactivegreenhouse 温室greenhouse effect/gases solar太阳的phenomenon 现象catastrophe = disaster, cataclysmdeterioration 恶化extinction 灭绝species endangered speciesdrought 干旱recurrent 反复发生的 re + (oc)cur + rent vs. concurrentinundate 淹没embankment 筑堤(em + bank + ment) sediment 沉积(物)=deposit delta 三角洲
3、the Pearl River Delta alluvial冲积的desertification 沙漠化 desert vs. dessertdust-storm 沙尘暴barren贫瘠的,不育的,无效的 attributable 归因于 be attributable to. deforestation滥砍滥伐(森林)log原木,日志伐木vs. logovegetation 植物, 植被 vs. vegetable, vegetarianhabitat栖息地ecosystem生态系统viabilitydemographic人口统计的interdependencecounterbalance使
4、平衡,弥补mechanism机理,机制precipitation 陡降,降水circulation流通,循环typhoon, tornado, hurricanemeteorology 气象(学)volcano 火山eruption 喷发 volcanic eruptiongranite花岗岩imminent = impending vs. eminentCelsius摄氏的Fahrenheit 华氏的latitude 纬度 longitude, altitudetropical (the) tropics tropical/torrid zone, temperate zone, frigi
5、d zoneglacier 冰川dump倾倒,倾销contaminate 弄脏recycle回收再利用irreversible 不可逆的(=irrevocable)reclaim 开垦,改造 a reclamationcontentious有争议的opt选择nprioritize优先考虑2 .生物molecule 份子amino acids (氨基酸)protein蛋白质enzyme 酶(proteins that are produced by cells and act as catalysts in specific biochemical reactions)catalyst催化剂ch
6、lorophyll 叶绿素“chloro,:photosynthesis 光 合作用 (photo + synthesis)photosyntheticbotany 植物学 botanist, botanicalflora植物群fauna动物群bacterium bacteria (pl.)名山菌fungus fungi (pl.)真菌algae alga (pl.)海藻herbcarnation康乃馨fade凋谢,退色organism机体,组织arthropod 节肢动物 vs. anthropoidreptile爬行动物amphibian两栖动物mammal哺乳动物primate灵长目动物
7、evolution 进化anthropoid 类人猿(“anthrop”: humankind) anthropology, philanthropy v.s. ape, gorilla, chimpanzeegene 基因 DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)genetics 遗传学 geneticalhelix 螺旋, 螺旋壮物analyze every single gene within the double helix of humanity9 s DNAidentical 同一的mutation 突变 mutable, immutable, mutantpreda
8、tor捕食者embryo胚胎roe 鱼子 caviar鱼子酱tadpole 蝌蚪 frog, toadcaterpillar 毛毛虫 (cater + p川ar) grasshopper 蚱蠕,蝗虫(=locust)cricket蟋蟀;板球butterfly vs. mothpollen 花粉传粉 pollinationhive蜂房larva larvae (pl.)幼虫 vs. lavapupa 蛹penguin 企鹅 vs. dolphin (海月豕)raccoon 浣熊 vs. kangaroo (袋鼠)hibernate 冬眠(=hole up)torpid麻木的,蛰伏的vs. tor
9、pedo (鱼雷)cerebral (大)脑的hemisphere 半球(hemi + sphere)cortex脑皮层migraine偏头疼somatic躯体的limb 四肢 upper/lower limbanatomy解剖,剖析paralyze 使瘫痪(=incapacitate, immobilize)artery动脉vein静脉gland腺体pancreas 胰hormone荷尔蒙,激素cholesterol月旦固醇efficacy 功效 vs. efficiency, effectiveness3 .人类研究之心理theorem 原理,定理 vs theory methodolog
10、y 方法论; physiology 生理学; psychiatry精神病学 correlation相互关系sensation 感觉, 知觉; sensationalperception感知,认知intuition 直觉;intuitiveESP 第六感 Extrasensory Perception motivate 激励 motivation incentive激励因素ESP 第六感 Extrasensory Perceptionmotivate 激励incentive激励因素stimulus 刺激disorder紊舌L,失调dysfunction机能障碍dissonance不和谐,不致tr
11、auma创伤anxiety 焦虑=anxiousnessdepression 沮丧insomnia 失眠phobia 恐怖(症)a suffix: -phobiaacrophobia 恐高症xenophobia仇外者,惧外者 claustrophobia幽闭恐怖症allergy 过敏(症),反感 He is allergic to card playing.propensity 倾向 *Most boys have a propensity of playing with machinery.= tendency, inclinationparanoid偏执的paranoia偏执狂 worka
12、holic 工作狂(alcoholic) symptom 症状diagnosis 诊断(n.)electroencephalogram 脑 电 图 electrocardiogram (心 电图) assertive武断的therapy治疗法hypnotism 催眠术( hypnotize)prescribe 开药方 vs. subscribe, describe, antidepressant 抗抑郁药 tranquilizer 镇静药side-effect (+s)副作用immune免疫的,免除的rehabilitation 复原,康复relapse旧病复发,故态复萌vs. elapse流
13、逝(子在川上曰:逝者如斯夫,不舍昼夜!)chronic慢性的adulthood成人期puberty青春发动期adolescence 青春期(the time of life betweenpuberty and adulthood)emotional情绪的affective情感的sane神智健全的insanesuperstition 迷信telepathy传心术,通灵术apathy无感情,无兴趣,冷漠(=indifference)pathology病理学,病理,病变delusion 迷惑,欺瞒 vs. illusiondisorientation 迷失(dis + orientation) d
14、isorientedpervert使反常/变态 反常/变态者introspection 内省 vs. retrospection 回顾,反省sublimation纯化,升华personality = personal characteristics multiplepersonality多重人格innate 天赋的 in + nate (nature)= inborn, congenitalattribute 属性trait 特征,品质 national traits 国民性 vs.traitor叛逆者4 .语言5科技ubiquitous 普遍 存在的=omnipresent omniscie
15、nt, omnipotentversatile (人)多才多艺的,(物)通用的alchemy炼金术transmute变形,变质arduous 艰巨的 =strenuouspitfail陷阱,未预见之艰难metallurgy 冶金alloy合金aluminum = aluminium (BE) calcium, uranium, radium, copper, brass, bronze electrode 电极distill 蒸储 distilled waterquartz石英phosphorus磷,磷光物质inflammable 易燃的combustion 燃烧 spontaneous co
16、mbustion ceramic陶瓷的磁器insulate 隔离,绝缘 insulator vs. conductor fiber 纤维(BE: fibfiber optics 纤维光学 optics光学 retina视网膜 iris虹膜opaque 不透明的 v.s. transparent, translucent microprocessor 微处理器binary二进制的buffer 缓)中区 buffer storagebrowser浏览器hypertext超文本envisage想象,看做momentous (极其)重要的 v.s. momentaryreticular网状的Ether
17、net以太网domain 域 domain namescyberlaw 网络法律“cyber,: Internet related cyberlove, cybercafe,.patent专利chronological按时间顺序的robot机器人amficial 人造的,做作的 artificial satellitecone圆锥体,锥形物Jupiter 木星 Mercury, Venus, Mars, Saturnexorbitant过度的,过分的,过高的centripetal 向心(力)的 centrifugalhigh-rise 高楼 skyscrapercathedral大教堂dome
18、圆顶infrastructure 基础设施 superstructuresewage污水,下水道hydraulic水力的,水压的landfill垃圾掩埋(地)ventilation 通风thermostat 温控器 thermos, thermometer, thermonuclearprefabricate预先创造polytechnic各种工艺 的 理工学校HongKong Polytechnicgeometric 几何(学)的 geometryasymmetry 不对称 symmetryconcave 凹的 convexbilateral双边的,两方面的unilateralparadoxi
19、cal “似非而是”的paradox悖论 empirical 经验的 empirical law/formula clockwise 顺时针的 anticlockwise6 .社会与历史homogeneous 同质的 vs. homosexual, heterosexualmainstream主流,主流的 dialect 方言(vs. accent) discrepancy 差异misconception 误解 (mis + concept + ion)= misunderstandingbarrier 障碍(物)=barricadediscrimination 区另ij , 歧视 racia
20、l/sexual discriminationhierarchy 等级制度 heir + arch(govern) + y insularity岛国性质*British industry has often been criticizedfor its linguistic insularity.microcosm 小乾坤nostalgia = homesicknesspatriot爱国者compatriot 同胞, 同月的 com + patriot vernacular本地的,本国的 本地话,本国话 *the vernacular languages oflndia immigration
21、 移入immigrant, immigrate v.s. emigration (emigrant, emigrate)Antipodes澳大利亚和新西兰(非正式用法) permeate 渗透,弥漫*Smoke permeated the house.entrepreneur 企业家 entrepreneurshippractitioner开业者,从业者celebrity 名人 luminary, VIPproxy代理人anecdote 轶事notoriety 恶名 notoriouscounterpart 对应人,对等物*Whos George Bushs counterpart in Ch
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