2022年北京卷英语真题(原卷版).pdf

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1、2022 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（北京卷）年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（北京卷）英语英语本试卷共本试卷共 11 页，共页，共 100 分。考试时长分。考试时长 90 分钟。分钟。考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分第一部分知识运用（共两节，知识运用（共两节，30 分）分）第一节（共第一节（共 10 小题；每小题小题；每小题 1.5 分，共分，共 15 分）分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B

2、、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。答题卡上将该项涂黑。One Monday morning,while the children were enjoying“free play”,I stepped to the doorway of theclassroom to take a break.Suddenly,I _1_ a movement of the heavy wooden door.This was the very door I_2_ guided the children through to ensure their sa

3、fety from the bitter cold.I felt a chill(寒意)go throughmy body.My legs carried me to that door,and I pushed it open.It was one of my kindergarteners who I thought was_3_ that day.He had been dropped off at school late and was _4_ to open the door.He must have been waiting there for quite a while!With

4、out a word,I rushed him to the hospital.He wastreated for frostbite on his hands.Hed need time to _5_,and wouldnt come for class the next day,Ithought.The next morning,one of the first to _6_ was my little frostbitten boy.Not only did he run in withenergy,but his _7_ could be heard as loud as ever!I

5、 gave him a warm hug and told him how _8_ Iwas to see him.His words have stayed with me all these years,“I knew you would open the door.”That cold Monday morning,he waited a long,long while for adults to _9_.To a child,every minutefeels like forever.He didnt attempt to walk back home;he waited and t

6、rusted.This five-year-old taught me apowerful lesson in _10_.1.A.causedB.spottedC.checkedD.imagined2.A.hesitantlyB.randomlyC.dizzilyD.carefully3.A.angryB.absentC.specialD.noisy4.A.courageousB.contentC.unableD.unwilling5.A.recoverB.playC.changeD.wait6.A.settleB.gatherC.arriveD.react7.A.sneezeB.weepC.

7、complaintD.laughter8.A.luckyB.happyC.curiousD.nervous9.A.show upB.pull upC.hold upD.line up10.A.gratitudeB.forgivenessC.faithD.kindness第二节（共第二节（共 10 小题；每小题小题；每小题 1.5 分，共分，共 15 分）分）A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Helen was walking down the street late _11_ the evening

8、,her arms filled with grocery bags.Focusedon balancing the bags,she didnt notice her wallet falling out of her pocket.As Helen walked on,she heard a mancharging towards her.Fearful that he might have an intention _12_(harm)her,Helen started to run.Eventually,the man _13_(catch)up with her,and he was

9、 only trying to return her wallet!B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Why do humans prefer some smells over others?One theory,increasingly _14_(support)by experts,suggests that smell preferences are learned.Its easy to explain how we determine _15_ smells aredangerous or

10、 not:we learn.This has been adopted to ensure easier detection of gas leaks.Gas naturally_16_(have)no recognisable smell.However,a strong smell is added so that we can raise the alarm whenwe detect the smell associated with danger.C阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Sinc

11、e people cant always eat out or cook for _17_(they),they get takeout or order delivery.Moretakeout and more food delivery equal more waste,especially plastic waste.That includes cups,bottles,and bags,most of _18_ are only good for one use.Thats a big problem and it is getting even _19_(bad).Theuse o

12、f those plastics _20_(increase)by 300%since 2019.The world wont survive if this situationcontinues.第二部分第二部分阅读理解（共两节，阅读理解（共两节，38 分）分）第一节（共第一节（共 14 小题；每小题小题；每小题 2 分，共分，共 28 分）分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。项涂黑。APeer(同伴)Assisted Study Sessions(PASS)is

13、 a peer-facilitated learning programme available to studentsenrolled(注册)in most core units of study in our business school.PASS involves weekly sessions where you work in groups to tackle specially prepared problem sets,basedaround a unit of study youre enrolled in.PASS doesnt re-teach or deliver ne

14、w content.Its an opportunity to deepen your understanding of the keypoints from lecture materials while you are applying your skills to solve problems.You work interactively with your peers.As a peer group,you decide what is covered in each session.That way,PASS directly responds to your needs and f

15、eedback.Registration in Term 2 will open at 9 am,21 September 2022.Waiting listsIf a session is full,you can register for the waiting list.We will email you if a place becomes available or if anew session is to be held.When you are placed on a waiting list,we will email you a number which tells you

16、where you are on the list.If you are close to the front of the list,you have a good chance of gaining a place in the programme in the nearfuture.DeregisteringIf you miss two PASS sessions in a row,you will be deregistered and your place will be given to someone onthe waiting list.Make sure you fill

17、in the attendance sheet at each session to record your attendance.Youll be informed by email if you are being deregistered as a result of missing sessions.If you believe youhave received the email in error,email the PASS office atpassofficeumbs.edu.21.In PASS,students _.A.attend new lecturesB.decide

18、 their own schedulesC.prepare problem sets in groupsD.use their skills to solve problems22.What can students do if a session is full?A.Fill in the attendance sheet.B.Sign up for the waiting list.C.Report their needs and feedback.D.Email the office their numbers on the list.23.Students will be deregi

19、stered if _.A.they send emails in errorB.they fail to work interactivelyC.they give their places to othersD.they miss two sessions in a rowBMy name isAlice.Early last year,I was troubled by an anxiety that crippled(削弱)my ability to doanything.I felt like a storm cloud hung over me.For almost a year

20、I struggled on,constantly staring at this wall thatfaced me.My perfectionist tendencies were the main root of this:I wanted to be perfect at whatever I did,whichobviously in life is not possible,but it consumed me.One day,I attended a presentation by wildlife conservationist Grant Brown at my high s

21、chool.Hispresentation not only awed and inspired me,but also helped emerge an inner desire to make a difference in theworld.I joined a pre-presentation dinner with him and that smaller setting allowed me to slowly build up mycourage to speak one-on-one with himan idea that had seemed completely impo

22、ssible.This first contact waswhere my story began.Amonth later,Brown invited me to attend the World Youth Wildlife Conference.Looking back,I now see thatthis would be the first in a series of timely opportunities that my old self would have let pass,but that this new andmore confidentAlice enthusias

23、tically seized.Shortly after I received his invitation,applications to join the Youthfor Nature and the Youth for Planet groups were sent around through my high school.I decided to commit tocompleting the applications,and soon I was a part of a growing global team of young people working to protectn

24、ature.Each of these new steps continued to grow my confidence.I am writing this just six months since my journey began and Ive realised that my biggest obstacle(障碍)this whole time was myself.It was that voice in the back of my head telling me that one phrase that has stopped somany people from reach

25、ing their potential:I cant.They say good things come to those who wait;I say:grab everyopportunity with everything you have and be impatient.After all,nature does not require our patience,but ouraction.24.What was the main cause for Alices anxiety?A.Her inability to act her age.B.Her habit of consum

26、ption.C.Her desire to be perfect.D.Her lack of inspiration.25.How did Grant Browns presentation influenceAlice?A.She decided to do something for nature.B.She tasted the sweetness of friendship.C.She learned about the harm of desire.D.She built up her courage to speak up.26.The activities Alice joine

27、d in helped her to become more _.A.intelligentB.confidentC.innovativeD.critical27.What can we learn from this passage?A.Practice makes perfect.B.Patience is a cure of anxiety.C.Action is worrys worst enemy.D.Everything comes to those who wait.C“What would the world be if there were no hunger?”Its a

28、question that Professor Crystal would ask herstudents.They found it hard to answer,she wrote later,because imagining something that isnt part of reallifeand learning how to make it realis a rare skill.It is taught to artists and engineers,but much less often toscientists.Crystal set out to change th

29、at,and helped to create a global movement.The resultan approach knownas systems thinkingis now seen as essential in meeting global challenges.Systems thinking is crucial to achieving targets such as zero hunger and better nutrition because it requiresconsidering the way in which food is produced,pro

30、cessed,delivered and consumed,and looking at how thosethings intersect(交叉)with human health,the environment,economics and society.According to systems thinking,changing the food systemor any other networkrequires three things to happen.First,researchers need toidentify all the players in that system

31、;second,they must work out how they relate to each other;and third,theyneed to understand and quantify the impact of those relationships on each other and on those outside the system.Take nutrition.In the latest UN report on global food security,the number of undernourished(营养不良)people in the world

32、has been rising,despite great advances in nutrition science.Tracking of 150 biochemicalsin food has been important in revealing the relationships between calories,sugar,fat and the occurrence of commondiseases.But using machine learning and artificial intelligence,some scientists propose that human

33、diets consist ofat least 26,000 biochemicalsand that the vast majority are not known.This shows that we have some way to travelbefore achieving the first objective of systems t hinking-which,in this example,is to identify more constituentparts of the nutrition system.Asystems approach to creating ch

34、ange is also built on the assumption that everyone in the system has equalpower.But as some researchers find,the food system is not an equal one.Agood way to redress(修正)suchpower imbalance is for more universities to do what Crystal did and teach students how to think using a systemsapproach.More re

35、searchers,policymakers and representatives from the food industry must learn to look beyond theirdirect lines of responsibility and adopt a systems approach.Crystal knew that visions alone dont produce results,but concluded that“well never produce results that we cant envision”.28.The author uses th

36、e question underlined in Paragraph 1 to _.A.illustrate an argumentB.highlight an opinionC.introduce the topicD.predict the ending29.What can be inferred about the field of nutrition?A.The first objective of systems thinking hasnt been achieved.B.The relationships among players have been clarified.C.

37、Machine learning can solve the nutrition problem.D.The impact of nutrition cannot be quantified.30.As for systems thinking,which would the author agree with?A.It may be used to justify power imbalance.B.It can be applied to tackle challenges.C.It helps to prove why hunger exists.D.It goes beyond hum

38、an imagination.DQuantum(量子)computers have been on my mind a lot lately.Afriend has been sending me articles onhow quantum computers might help solve some of the biggest challenges we face as humans.Ive also hadexchanges with two quantum-computing experts.One is computer scientist Chris Johnson who I

39、 see as someonewho helps keep the field honest.The other is physicist Philip Taylor.For decades,quantum computing has been little more than a laboratory curiosity.Now,big tech companieshave invested in quantum computing,as have many smaller ones.According to Business Weekly,quantummachines could hel

40、p us“cure cancer,and even take steps to turn climate change in the opposite direction.”This isthe sort of hype(炒作)that annoys Johnson.He worries that researchers are making promises they cant keep.“Whats new,”Johnson wrote,“is that millions of dollars are now potentially available to quantum computi

41、ngresearchers.”As quantum computing attracts more attention and funding,researchers may mislead investors,journalists,thepublic and,worst of all,themselves about their works potential.If researchers cant keep their promises,excitement might give way to doubt,disappointment and anger,Johnson warns.Lo

42、ts of other technologies havegone through stages of excitement.But something about quantum computing makes it especially prone to hype,Johnson suggests,perhaps because“quantumstands for something cool you shouldnt be able to understand.”And that brings me back to Taylor,who suggested that I read his

43、 book Q for Quantum.After I read the book,Taylor patiently answered my questions about it.He also answered my questions aboutPyQuantum,the firm he co-founded in 2016.Taylor shares Johnsons concerns about hype,but he says thoseconcerns do not apply to PyQuantum.The company,he says,is closer than any

44、other firm“by a very large margin(幅度)”to building a“useful”quantum computer,one that“solves an impactful problem that we would not have been able to solve otherwise.”He adds,“People will naturally discount my opinions,but I have spent a lot of time quantitatively comparing whatwe are doing with othe

45、rs.”Could PyQuantum really be leading all the competition“by a wide margin”,as Taylor claims?I dont know.Im certainly not going to advise my friend or anyone else to invest in quantum computers.But I trust Taylor,justas I trust Johnson.31.Regarding Johnsons concerns,the author feels _.A.sympatheticB

46、.unconcernedC.doubtfulD.excited32.What leads to Taylors optimism about quantum computing?A.His dominance in physics.B.The competition in the field.C.His confidence in PyQuantum.D.The investment of tech companies.33.What does the underlined word“prone”in Paragraph 3 most probably mean?A.Open.B.Cool.C

47、.Useful.D.Resistant.34.Which would be the best title for the passage?A.Is Johnson More Competent Than Taylor?B.Is Quantum Computing Redefining Technology?C.Will Quantum Computers Ever Come into Being?D.Will Quantum Computing Ever Live Up to Its Hype?第二节（共第二节（共 5 小题；每小题小题；每小题 2 分，共分，共 10 分）分）根据短文内容，从

48、短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Health and fitness help a person live a good and healthy life.Often due to various pressures,we tend to ignoreour health._35_ It is the fitness level of our body that helps us fight these diseases._

49、36_ We need to be fit to have a healthy body.Similarly,if we are healthy we shall naturally beattracted towards maintaining the fitness of our body.Health is the state of our body at a given time.We may nothave any disease but still have a weak body,which is ready to be targeted by viruses._37_ This

50、 does notdefinitely mean that we are not healthy.It means the fitness level is not in accordance with our age and the climaticconditions we live in.It is important for everyone to devote some time to health and fitness._38_ For instance,we mustexercise daily regardless of our age and working style.T