初中英语人教新目标八年级上册Unit2知识点整理.doc

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1、八年级英语上册Unit2知识点一、词汇与短语【重点单词】A部分1.housework n.家务劳动；家务事2.hardly adv.几乎不；几乎没有3.ever adv.在任何时候;从来；曾4.once adv. 一次；曾经5.twice adv.两次；两倍6.Internet n.（国际）互联网；因特网7.program n.节目8.full adj.忙的；满的；充满9.swing n.摆动；秋千 V. (使)摆动；摇摆10.maybe adv.大概；或许；可能11.least adv.最小；最少 adj. & pron.最小的；最少的B部分1.junk n.无用的东西;无价值的东西2.he

2、alth n.健康;人的身体（或精神）状态3.result n.结果；后果4.percent n.百分之5.online adj. & adp.在线（的）;联网（的）6.although conj.虽然；尽管；即使7.through prep.以；凭借；穿过8.such adj. &pron.这样的；那样的；类似的9.mind n.头脑；心智10.together adv.在一起；共同11.die v.消失；灭亡；死亡12.dentist n.牙科医生13.magazine n.杂志；期刊14.however adv.然而；不过15.almost adv.几乎；差不多16.none pron.

3、没有一个；毫无17.point n.得分；点 v.指；指向【重点短语】A部分1.how often 多久一次2.help with housework 帮助做家务3.hardly ever几乎从不4.on weekends 在周末5.once a week 每周一次6.twice a month 每月两次7.be free 有空8.go to the movies 去看电影9.use the Internet 用互联网10.have dance and piano lessons上舞蹈课 和钢琴课11.swing dance 摇摆舞12.play tennis 打网球13.stay up la

4、te 熬夜；睡得很晚14.at least 至少；不少于；起码15.play sports 进行体育活动B部分1.junk food垃圾食品2.be good for 对有好处3.go camping 去野营4.not at all 一点儿也不5.go online 上网6.in ones free time 在某人的业余时间7.the best way to do sth. 做某事的最好方式8.such as例如；像 这样9.more than 多于10.less than 少于【重点句子】A部分1.-What do you usually do on weekends? -I often

5、go to the movies.在周末你通常做什么？”“我经常去看电影。”2.-How often do you watch TV? -Twice a week.“你多久看一次电视？”“一周两次。”3.Whats your favorite program?=What program do you like best?你最喜欢的节目是什么？4.-Are you free next week? -Next week is quite full for me.“下周你有空吗？” “下周对我来说相当忙碌。”5.How come? 为什么？/怎么会？6.I have to play tennis w

6、ith my friends. 我得和我的朋友们打网球。7.They often help with housework. 他们经常帮忙做家务。8.He never stays up late 他从不熬夜。B部分1.-How often do you go to the movies? “你多久看一次电影？”-I go to the movies maybe once a month. “我也许一个月去看一次电影。”2.We all know that many students often go online, but we were surprised that ninety percen

7、t of them use the Internet every day. The other ten percent use it at least three or four times a week.我们都知道许多学生经常上网，但是让我们感到 惊讶的是，90%的学生每天都上网，而另外10%的学生一周至少上网三至四次1.The answers to our questions about watching television were also interesting.对我们提出的关于看电视的问题的回答也十分有趣。2.Although many students like to watc

8、h sports, game shows are the most popular.尽管许多学生喜欢看体育节目，但是游戏类节目是最受欢迎的。3.It is good to relax by using the Internet or watching game shows, but we think the best way to relax is through exercise.通过上网或看游戏类节目来放松很不错,但是我们认为最好的放松方式是通过锻炼。4.It is healthy for the mind and the body. 这有益于身心健康。5.Old habits die h

9、ard. 旧习难改。【重点单词变形】A部分1.oneonce（副词）2.empty/hungryfull（反义词）3.swingswung（过去式）4.littleless（比较级）least（最高级）B部分1.healthyhealth（名词）2.TVtelevision（完整形式）3.bodybodies（复数）4.diedying（现在分词）died（过去式）5.moreless/fewer（反义词6.writewriter（名词，指人）wrote（过去式）二、语法知识点1、频度副词 频度副词的含义：表示次数、频率的副词称为频度副词。常用的频度副词按频率的高低依次为：alwaysusua

10、llyoftensometimesseldomhardly evernevereg. John always comes late. 约翰总是迟到。He hardly ever exercises.他几乎从不锻炼。 表示具体的频率、次数时,一次用once,两次用twice,三次及以上用“基数词+ times”表示。eg. I exercise once a week.我一周锻炼一次。I visit my grandmother four times a year. 我一年去看望我（外）祖母四次。 频度副词的位置频度副词一般位于情态动词、助动词、连 系动词之后，实义动词之前。eg. He can

11、 never understand. 他永远也不会明白。（在情态动词之后）She is sometimes very busy. 她有时很忙。（在be动词之后）He sometimes goes there on business. 他有时到那里出差。（在实义动词之前） 频度副词常与一般现在时连用，表示现在经常或反复发生的动作。eg. He often goes to school by bike. 他经常骑自行车去上学。 对这些频度副词提问时，用how ofteneg. How often do you write to your elder brother? 你多久给你哥哥写一封信？2、h

12、elp的用法help sb. (to) do sth.帮助某人做某事help sb. with sth.cant/couldnt help doing sth.情不自禁做某事cant help to do sth.不能帮助做某事help oneself （to sth.）随便吃/喝（某物）eg. Can you help me to learn English ? 你能帮助我学英语吗？=Can you help me with English ?Jim,help yourself to some cakes. 吉姆，请随便吃点蛋糕。She cant help laughing. 她忍不住笑了起

13、来。Im sorry, I cant help to solve this problem. 对不起，这个问题我帮不上忙。3、once twice等表次数的用法英语中的“一次”为once；“两次为 twice；三次或三次以上用“基数词+ times”, 如 three times 三次,many times 许多次。twice a week意为“一周两次，表示频率，其中twice用作副词，意为“两次”。这种频率的表示法：由“次数+时间段”构成，如 ：four times a day 一天四次，常用 how often 提问。eg. -How often does your mother tak

14、e the medicine? 你妈妈多久吃一次药？-Three times a day 一天三次。 once还可意为曾经；从前eg. That man once lived in Guangzhou. 那个人曾住在广州。Once there was a tiger in the forest. 从前森林里有一只老虎。 once的固定搭配：at once立刻，马上 once or twice 一两次 once again 再一次4、how often的用法由how often引导的特殊疑问句，其 结构为：How often + 一般疑问句？ how often 意为“多久一次”,用来询问动作发

15、生的频率， 一般用 sometimes, never, once a week（周一次）,every day（每天）,hardly ever（几乎从不） 等表示频率的副词或副词词组来回答。eg. - How often does he dance? 他多久跳一次舞？-Every day.每天（都跳）。 how many times意为多少次，用于询问次数。可用once,twice,three times等进行回答。eg. -How many times have you been to Beijing? 你去过北京多少次了？-Twice. 两次how often, how long, how

16、far 与 how soon：how often，多久一次用来提问动作发生的频率。how long，1、时间多长，2、物体多长，用来询问时间的长短；也可询问某物的长度。how far，多远，用来询问距离，指路程的远近。how soon，多久以后，常用来提问“in+一段时间”eg How often do you exercise? 你多久锻炼一次？How long does it take to get to Shanghai from here?从这里到上海要花费多长时间？How long is the ruler? 这把尺子有多长？How far is it from here to th

17、e park? 从这里到公园有多远？-How soon will they come back? 他们多久以后回来？-In two weeks. 两周之后。5、sometimes, sometime, some times some time的用法sometimes，频度副词：“有时候”，表示动作发生的不经常性，多与一般现在时连用，可位于句首、句中或句末。对它提问用 how often。sometime，副词：“在某时，在某一时刻”，表示某个不确切或不具体的时间，常用于过去时或将来时，对它提问用 when。some times，名词短语：“几次；几倍”，其中time是可数名词，意为次，倍。对

18、some times 提问用 how many timessome time，名词短语：“一段时间”，句中谓语动词常为延续性动词；对它提问用 how long。eg Li Ming sometimes writes to me.李明有时给我写信。You might lose it sometime yesterday. 你可能在昨天的某一时刻把它弄丢了。They tried some times. At last they dropped it. 他们试了几次，最后还是放弃了。It took me some time to finish my homework. 完成家庭作业花了我一段时间。6

19、、use的用法used to do sth.过去常常做某事表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态，而现在已不再发生或存在。其否定形式常用used not to或didnt use to。反意疑问句中应该用did/didnt或used/usednt。be used to do sth./ be used for doing sth. 被用来做某事use表使用之意，是被动语态形式，to是动词不定式符号。for是介词短语。be used to doing sth./ be used to sth.习惯于做某事表示习惯于某一客观事实或状态，其中to是介词，后面跟名词、代词或动名词。be used可用于多种

20、时态；如强调动作可用get或become替换be。use sth. to do sth. 用某物做某事,表示使用东西做什么事。eg I used to play football after school. 我过去常常放学后踢足球。They used to be good friends, didnt they? 他们过去是好朋友，是吗？Old people are used to getting up early in the morning. 老年人习惯早晨很早起床。Wood can be used to make paper.树木可以用来造纸。=Wood can be used for

21、making paper.The tigers fur can be used for coats. 老虎皮可当做大衣用I use the pen to write. 我用钢笔写字use,动词,在句中做谓语，表示使用东西。with,介词,在句中作状语，表示方式，指用（工具等）in,介词在句中作状语，表示方式，指用（语言、声音、材料等）eg. I use a knife to cut bread. 我用刀切面包。 I write with a pen.我用钢笔写字。I can speak in English. 我能用英语讲话。7、free的用法free,形容词,“空闲的，有空的” be fre

22、e 有空的，反义词是busy。形容词,“免费的，自由的” be free to do sth 自由的做某事。eg. Ill be free tomorrow. 我明天有空。Ive got three free tickets for tonights film. 我有三张今晚的免费电影票。Youre free to go or to stay. 你想走就走，想留就留。8、full的用法full, 形容词,“忙的”形容词,“满的、充满的”常用短语为be full of，相当于be filled with,意为“充满”。形容词,“饱的”其反义词是hungry,意为“饥饿的”eg. He was t

23、oo full to have time for hobbies. 他太忙了，以至于没有培养业余爱好的时间。Hotels are often full at this time of year. 在一年中的这个时候，旅馆经常客满。The room is full of people=The room is filled with people.房间里挤满了人I cant eat any more. I am quite full. 我不能再吃了，我相当饱了。9、how come与whyhow come,意思相近,都可表示“为什么”,引导的句子的语序为陈述语序why,引导的特殊疑问句的语序为疑问

24、语序。eg How come you dont like eating sandwiches? 你为什么不喜欢吃三明治？Why dont you like eating sandwiches? 你为什么不喜欢吃三明治？10、have to与must不得不，必须have to，表示客观需要，有人称、数和时态的变化；其否定形式为：dont/doesnt/didnt have to“不必must，表示说话人的主观看法，认为有必要或有义务去做某事，没有人称和数的变化eg. I have to study hard. 我不得不努力学习。 I must study hard. 我必须努力学习。11、may

25、be与may bemaybe，副词，作状语，意为或许；大概；能，常位于句首。may be属于情态动词+动词原形结构，作谓语，意为可能是；也许是”eg. Maybe she is right. 或许她是对的。 She may be right. 她也许是对的。I go to the movies maybe once a month. 我大概一个月去看一次电影。B部分1、be good for的用法be good for，意为对有益，后接名词、代词或动名词。be good at，意为“擅长，后接名词、代词或动名词。be good with，意为“善于应对”be good to，意为对友好”eg.

26、 Eating vegetables is good for health. 吃蔬菜对你的健康有益。Im good at (playing) basketball. 我擅长（打）篮球。He is good with children. 他善于应付孩子。（管理孩子有一套。）He is good to me. 他对我很友好。2、health的用法 health为不可数名词，意为“健康，健康状况”，常用于be in good/poor/bad health结构中，表示“健康状况好/不好/差”。keep/stay/be in good health =keep/stay/be healthy。保持健康

27、。eg. Smoking is bad for your health. 吸烟有害健康。You must keep your health. 你必须保持健康 health+yhealthy变成了形容词，意为“健康的，健壮的”同义词为fit，反义词为unhealthy或者weak。eg. Although my uncle is old，he looks very strong and healthy.虽然我叔叔老了，但他看起来很强壮很健康。This is a healthy way of living. 这是一种健康的生活方式。 healthy变y为i+lyhealthily变成了副词，意为“

28、健康地，健壮地”eg. We grow up healthily in the arms of our mother. 我们在母亲的怀抱中健康成长。3、ask的用法ask sb. about sth.，询问某人关于某事的情况。ask sb. (not) to do sth.，要求某人（不要）做某事。ask for，“要求；请求”，其宾语是物。ask sb. for sth.意为“向某人要某物eg. I ask my teacher about todays homework. 我问老师今天的家庭作业。Mary asked me something about my birthday party

29、. 玛丽问我关于我生日聚会的事情。My mother asked me to clean the room. 我妈妈要求我打扫房间。You can ask for help from the policeman. 你可以向警察求助。You can ask your teacher for help. 你可以向老师求助。4、Here are the results here/there/now/then 等副词置于句，谓语动词是连系动词be或come,go等不及物动词，且主语是名词时，其后的主语和谓语颠倒位置，构成倒装结构，这种倒装句的真正主语是后面的名词；如果主语是代词，句子主谓不倒装。eg.

30、 Here is a letter for you. 这是给你的一封信。Here comes the bus. 公共汽车来了。Here is your gift. 这是你的礼物。Here is he. （）如果主语是代词，句子主谓不倒装。 result可数名词，意为“结果；后果”，短语 the result of 意为“的结果”，as a result意为“结果是，作为结果”。eg. Here is the result of our survey about the use of Internet.这是我们关于互联网使用情况的调查结果。5、find的用法find意为“找到；发现；碰上”，可指

31、无意识或经过寻找后发现。有如下用法：后接名词或代词，Youll find the answers at the back of the book.你将在书后找到答案。后接 that 从句，I find that it plays to be honest. 我发现说实话很重要。可以带双宾语，双宾语交换位置介词forPlease find me my key.= Please find key for me.请帮我找到我的钥匙。find +宾语+宾补，意为“发现某物”What activity do you find enjoyable? 你发现什么活动有趣？ 6、percent的用法perce

32、nt名词，意为“百分之”。英语中的百分数表达为 “基数词+ percent”,percent无复数形式。eg. About 50 percent of the pupils are girls .大约百分之五十的小学生是女孩儿。分数的构成:分子用基数词，分母用序数词；分子大于1，分母加-s。如：two thirds twenty-three twenty-fifths“百分数+ of+名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式要由Of后面的名词来决定。基数词+ percent of +可数名词的复数，谓语动词用复数形式基数词+ percent of +不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式eg. 50% o

33、f the milk is white. 50%的牛奶是白色的。50% of the desks are dirty. 50%的课桌是脏的。7、notat all的用法notat all意为“一点儿也不;根本不”.eg. I dont know about it at all. 对那件事我一点儿也不知道。He didnt do his homework at all yesterday. 他昨天根本没做家庭作业。 not at all在口语中用来回答别人的谢意或歉意，意为“不用谢，不客气，没关系”。eg. -Thank you very much 非常感谢你。 -Not at all. 不客气

34、-I am sorry I am late. 对不起，我迟到了。-Oh，not at all. 哦，没关系。8、go online的用法go online=surf the Internet意为“去上网”，其中online用作副词，意为“在线；联网”。eg. Sometimes I go online for fun. 有时我上网娱乐。Many young people like to buy things online. 许多年轻人喜欢网上购物。online还可用作形容词，意为“在线的；联网的”。eg. The online games are very popular with child

35、ren 这些在线游戏深受孩子们欢迎。9、the answers toquestions 固定搭配the answers toquestions 为固定搭配，意为“问题的答案/回答”，to在此为介词，意为“指向；对于；针对”。类似的短语还有：the key to the door 门的钥匙；the solution to the problem这个问题的解决办法。eg. Can you find out the answers to the questions?你能找出这些问题的答案吗？10、although/though的用法although连词，意为“虽然；尽管”，引导让步状语从句。含alt

36、hough/though不能与 but 在同一个句子中使用。eg. Although my grandpa is old，he looks very strong and healthy.虽然我的爷爷老了，但他看上去很健壮。Although it rained, the boys still played outside.= It rained, but the boys still played outside.尽管天下雨了，但是那些男孩儿仍在外面玩耍。11、It+be+adj.+to do sth.的用法“It+be+adj.+to do sth.”中it为形式主语，真正的主语是to do

37、 sth.；因为主语太长，为避免头重脚轻，用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语放在后面。eg. To drink enough water is important every day. It is important to drink enough water every day. 每天喝足够的水很重要。“It + be+ adj.（+for sb.）+动词不定式+其他.”此句型常用形容词easy, difficult, hard, important, possible 等作表语，强调不定式的性质或特征，或不定式动作的执行者，用for sb.而不是of sb.eg. Its necessary

38、 for the young to master two foreign languages.To master two foreign languages is necessary for the young.年轻人掌握两门外语是有必要的。“It + be+ adj.（+of sb.）+动词不定式+其他.”此句型常用表示人的品质、性格特征的形容词作表语，如：kind, nice, stupid(愚蠢), clever, foolish(愚蠢), polite, impolite, silly, selfish(自私的), considerate(体贴的) 等。强调句型中形容词的品质、性格特征

39、。用of sb.而不是for sb.eg. Its very kind of you to help me with the work.= You are kind to help me with the work.你帮助我做这项工作真是太好了。如何区分for sb.与of sb.方法：取for/of后的sb.做主语，和for/of前的形容词作表语造个句子。结构为：sb.+be+形容词，如果道理上通顺则用of，道理上不通顺则用for。eg. It is nice of you to help me.提取you与nice可构成you are nice.（通顺，则用of）.Its very kin

40、d of you to help me.提取you与kind可构成 you are kind.（通顺，则用of）.It is good for you to look at this book.提取you与good可构成 you are good（你是好处的）（逻辑不通，则用for）It is hard for him to study two languages.提取he与hard可构成 he is hard（他是困难的）.（逻辑不通，所以应用for）12、by的用法 by介词，意为“通过，靠”,此处表示方法、手段，后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。eg. He had to do all

41、the work by hand. 所有的工作他都得靠手工完成。Mr. Green makes a living by teaching. 格林先生以教书为生。I learn English by watching English movies. 我通过看英语电影来学习英语。 “by+交通工具”（by 后不加冠词），意为“乘/驾/坐”。by bike=take a bikeeg. I went to Beijing by plane. 我乘飞机去了北京。 “by+时间” 意为“到时为止；在之前”eg. I must be in bed by ten o clock. 我必须在十点钟以前上床睡觉

42、。 “by+地点” 意为“在旁边”eg. We live by the sea. 我们住在海边。13、through, over, pass与acrossthrough指“穿过、通过”，强调从物体中间穿过。across指“穿过、通过”，强调从物体表面穿过。over指“越过”，强调从物体上方越过。past指“经过”，强调从物体旁边经过。eg. The river runs through the forest. 这条河穿过森林。The girl runs across the road. 女孩跑过马路。The horse jumped over the wall. 那匹马跳过了墙。Our bus

43、 runs pass this primary school. 我们的公共汽车经过这所小学。14、mind的用法1、mind doing sth. 用作动词表示“介意，在乎”等，其后接动词时要用动名词mind to do sth. 用作动词表示“注意，当心”等，其后接动词时要用不定式。2、用作名词表示“脑子，心思”等，通常用作可数名词。3、用于“Would (Do) you mind?”意为“请你好不好?”；“倘若你见怪吗?”(1)表示不同意，可用：Yes, I do mind./Please dont / Better not, please. / Id rather you didnt./

44、Im sorry, but 等。(2)表示同意，可用：Oh, no, please. / No, not at all./Not at all./Certainly not. / Of course not. / No, go ahead. 等。4、用于 make up ones mind，意为“决定，决心”eg. Do you mind helping us? 你介意帮我们吗？Mind the step!小心台阶!It is healthy for the mind and the body. 它对身心健康有益。He has a very sharp mind. 他有非常敏锐的思维。Woul

45、d (Do) you mind opening the window. 你介意打开窗户吗？同意：Not at all,please. 不同意：Im sorry,but its not allowed.It is early days yet to make up ones mind. 下决心还为时过早。15、such as与 for examplesuch as一般用来列举同类人或事物中的几个，放在被列举的事物与前面的名词之间，as后不加逗号。for example用来举例说明某种情况，一般只以同类事物中的一个为例；作为插入语，用逗号隔开，可置于句首、句中或句末eg. We have been to many places such as Shanghai, Bei jing and Hangzhou.我们去过很多地方，比如上海、北京和杭州。For example, ball games have spread around the world.例如，球类运动已经在全世界传播开了。Noise,for example,is a kind of pollution. 例如，噪音是一种污染。16、复合形容词“基数词+名词+形容词”构成复合形