初中英语2024届中考名词专项复习（考点清单+精题精练）.doc

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1、中考英语名词专项复习【考点清单】一、可数名词复数形式的构成方法.1.一般情况下,在名词词尾直接加-s。2.以s、z、5、tj、d等音素结尾的名词变复数时加-es;如果词尾为e，则只加-s。3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词，大多数变y为i再加-es;以“元音字母+y”结尾的名词直接加-s。4.以f(e)结尾的名词,大多数将f(e)改为v，再加-es。5.以“辅音字母+o”结尾的名词,多数情况下加-es，photo、piano除外;以“元音字母+0”结尾的名词一般加-S。6.改变内部元音或词尾构成复数形式的名词。man 的复数为men，woman的复数为 women,foot的复数为feet，to

2、oth 的复数为 teeth，child的复数为children。7.表示“某国人”的词变复数时，Chinese、Japanese等单复数形式相同;Englishman、 Frenchman是把字母a变成字母e; American、Australian Canadian、German等是在词尾直接加-s。8.合成名词的复数形式。中间没有连字符或间隔的合成名词,将最后一个词变复数,如 birthdays;中间有连字符或间隔的合成名词,将主体词变复数,如daughters-in-law;“man/woman+名词”式的合成名词,两个名词须同时变为复数形式，如women teachers。9. “数

3、词+名词(+形容词)”构成合成词作定语,其中的名词用单数形式时,词与词之间须有连字符连接;其中的名词用复数形式时，词与词之间不用连字符,但名词复数形式需变所有格。例如:a two-week holiday或two weeks holiday.10.单复数形式相同的名词。sheep、deer等名词的单复数形式相同。11.集体名词的单复数概念及变化形式。people意为“人们”时本身即为复数概念;意为“民族”时为单数,其复数形式为 peoples,family、team army等侧重整体概念时常以单数形式出现,若表示多个这样的整体有复数形式，其变化规则与其他可数名词变复数时的变化规则一样;若侧重

4、成员则表示复数意义。二、名词的可数与不可数12.常见的不可数名词。物质名词和抽象名词一般为不可数名词，如bread money、paper(表示“纸”之意)、 medicine、advice、music weather等;news虽以s结尾,但它是一个不可数名词。这些词常借助 piece、cup、pair等单位词表示数量,若表示复数概念,需要把单位词变成复数形式。13.既可作可数名词也可作不可数名词的词。fish意为“鱼”时是可数名词,指种类时其复数为fishes,指条数时单复数同形;意为餐桌上的“鱼肉”时为不可数名词。glass意为“玻璃”时为不可数名词;意为“玻璃杯”时为可数名词,复数形式

5、 glasses 还可意为“眼镜”。orange 意为“橙子”时为可数名词;意为“橙色”时为不可数名词。 room 意为“房间”时为可数名词;意为“地方,空间”时为不可数名词。14.可数名词与不可数名词的修饰语。(a)few many several a number of a great/good many a couple of 和 many a等只能修饰可数名词;(a)little、much、a good/great deal of a bit of 和 a large amount of 等只能修饰不可数名词;some、a lot of.lots of、plenty of all 等既

6、能修饰可数名词复数,也能修饰不可数名词。三、名词所有格.15.-s所有格的构成和用法。一般情况下,可数名词单数的所有格是在名词词尾直接加-s;以s或es结尾的可数名词复数在其词尾加-;不以s或es结尾的可数名词复数在其词尾加-s。表示店铺、医院、学校、住宅及公共建筑时，s所有格后常不出现它所修饰的名词。表示两人或多人共有时，只需将最后一个名词变为-s所有格;表示两人或多人分别拥有时，各个名词的词尾都需加-s表示时间、天气、距离、价格、国家、城市或团体等的名词也常用-s所有格表示所有关系。16.of 所有格。表示无生命事物的名词的所有关系，一般用of所有格。17.双重所有格。“of+-s所有格/

7、名词性物主代词”构成双重所有格。双重所有格表示部分概念，of前的名词通常有限定词,如a an、one、 some、many、any、no等;of后用-s所有格的名词必须是明确限定的、指人的。四、名词的词义辨析 18.各地中考对名词的考查侧重于常见名词的词义辨析。考生在平时的学习过程中，应该掌握重点词汇的含义,在语境中正确辨析词义,这样才能选择出正确的名词。【精题精练】I.单项选择(一)1.-What do you think of your new house built by the local government?-Pretty gooD.I have a of happiness no

8、w.A.warningB.traditionC.feelingD.question2.-I like best.-So do I.I take singing classes every weekenD.A.musicB.physicsC.mathD.history3.Mr Huang is an excellent English teacher who has over 20 years teaching .A.experienceB.informationC.knowledgeD.journey4.Would you send me some of yours?I miss you ve

9、ry much!A.magazinesB.photosC.moneyD.advice5.Lily is a friend of .A.Marys mothers B.Marys motherC.Mary mothersD.Mary mother6.How much_do we need to make a banana milk shake?A.bananasB.applesC.coffeeD.milk7.Spending too much playing computer games is bad for your A.time; eyeB.time; eyesC.times; eyesD.

10、times;eye8.-Miss Huang always advises us to practise speaking English after class.-She is right.Speaking is an important language A.signB.skillC.suggestionD.work9.I like this song.Its by one of my favourite A.singersB.dancersC.paintersD.writers10.For his sons birthday,Steven is taking him to the new

11、 movie as a A.taskB.treatC.choiceD.visit11.You can see the on our faces when we talk about the great achievements in the past 70years.A.doubtB.prideC.regretD.ability12.After playing football for more than half an hour,the students took rest.A.a few minutesB.a little minutesC.a few minutesD.a little

12、minutes13.Id like some and A.banana; tomatoB.bananas; tomatoC bananas; tomatoesD.banana; tomatoes14.In China, the colour red is the of good luck.A.dreamB.wayC.symbolD.reason15.-Its useless to regret what has been done.Dont make those mistakes again.-I wont.Thats a(n) A.orderB.decisionC.promiseD.agre

13、ement(二)1.In a restaurant, people usually choose foods and drinks from the A.bookB.menuC.newspaperD.magazine2.We usually know about the history of a city in the A.museumB.factoryC.bankD.hospital3.-In China, we use red paper to make hong bao because red means good luck.-Thats interesting! I want to k

14、now all the Chinese .A.traditionsB.sentencesC.noticesD.problems4.His father was a great in Leishenshan Hospital in Wuhan.A.actorB.singerC.violinistD.doctor5.Nobody thought it easy to finish so much work in .A.two daystime B.two-days timeC.two days timeD.two days time6.During the pandemic(流行病)many in

15、 our city went to Hubei Province as volunteers.A.woman doctorB.woman doctorsC.women doctorsD.women doctor7.Mike doesnt have enough money, so he can only afford A.a breadB.too much bread C.a piece of breadD.many bread8.-Here is my family .We took it last year.-What a happy family!A.memberB.nameC.phot

16、oD.house9.-The air is very fresh in our city.There is less_than before.-Yes.The government has taken action to protect the environment.A.woodB.pollutionC.noiseD.water10.June 1st is_Day.My sister is happy on that day every year.A.WomensB.FathersC.TeachersD.Childrens11.-Can I help you, Madam?-Yes.,ple

17、ase. .A.Two pair of socksB.Two pairs of socksC.Two pairs of sockD.Two pair of sock12.Jane is very thirsty, so she needs some .A.waterB.breadC.cakesD.rice13.The problems are difficult to solve.Please give me .A.many adviceB.some adviceC.an adviceD.some advices14.-I keep running every day.-Wow! Thats

18、a good .It can keep you healthy.A.taskB.exerciseC.habitD.plan15.The boy has been missing for five days and his parents are worried about his .A.attentionB.safetyC.actionD.growth(三)1.A factory will be built for the of this type of new energy cars.A.positionB.populationC.productionD.pronunciation2.Man

19、y teenagers want to be like Zhong Nanshan when they grow up.A.writersB.engineersC.doctorsD.inventors3.Mr Liu is a wise man, and he often gives us a few .A.suggestionsB.adviceC.hobbiesD.knowledge4.Could you please pass me a to write with?A.rulerB.tapeC.penD.knife5.-Jim，I have in finishing so much wor

20、k.-Dont worry.I can help you.A.abilityB.successC.experienceD.difficulty6.As the saying goes, “Where there is a will, there is a .”A.wishB.roadC.wayD.key7.Sandy really likes eating meat,but she doesnt like eating_ .A.breadsB.vegetablesC.chickensD.noodle8.-Oh,no!We have missed the last bus.What shall

21、we do?-Im afraid that we have no but to take a taxi.A.ideaB.decisionC.reasonD.choice9.-More and more foreigners come to visit the Great Wall.-Thats true.It is the of China.A.praiseB.prideC.effortD.courage10.-Its today, isnt it?-Yes, it is.Lets enjoy the moon while eating some moon cakes tonight.A.th

22、e Lantern FestivalB.the Mid-Autumn DayC.the Dragon Boat FestivalD.the Spring Festival11. room looks very clean.A.Bob and Daves B.Bobs and DavesC.Bobs and DaveD.Bob and Dave12.He had his hair cut at the_around the corner.A.barberB.barbersC.barbersD.barbers13.-Tomorrow is our mothers birthday.Lets buy

23、 some flowers for her.-OK.I know she likes best.A.dressesB.ringsC.handbagsD.roses14.My mother has a poor of direction, so she is always afraid to go out alone.A.sceneB.silenceC.serviceD.sense15.Please read the before you take the medicine.A.introductionsB.explanationsC.instructionsD.experimentsII.写出

24、下列名词的复数形式.1.book 2.house 3.country 4.life 5.postman 6.hero 7.orange 8.Japanese 9.factory 10.child 11.tree 12.monkey 根据汉语提示完成句子(每空一词)1.There is a fashion (演出) at the school hall.2.Smoking is bad for our (健康),so we must give it up.3.My new dress is made of (丝绸).4.It is important and good for us to bru

25、sh our (牙齿) after meals.5.Yao Ming is one of my favorite basketball (运动员)。6.It is a good idea to keep English (日记) every day.7.My sister wants to be a (模特).8.There are lots of (蔬菜) in the supermarket, such as potatoes and cabbages.9.Many (地区) of this country have suffered severe drought this year.10

26、.He invited Lily to have dinner at a French (餐馆).IV.中所的适当形式填空streetinstructenergetictomato man teachersinger tooth ruleAmerican communicate1.That young man is one of my favourite pop .2.Small cars are useful in cities with narrow .3.The Queqiao satellite(卫星) will form a _bridge between controllers o

27、n the Earth and the far side of the Moon.4.Look, we have mutton, fish, eggs, and juice for dinner.5.Many like to have hamburgers for lunch.6.Computers cannot work without from human beings.7.The child is so full of that he cant keep quiet.8.There are more than one hundred teachers in our school,and

28、most of them are .9.We should brush our at least twice a day.10.You must follow the traffic on the way.V.用所给名词的适当形式填空1.Many people go to the park and take (photo) on Sunday.2.In the mall there are two (shoe) shops.3.“It depends on my (child) decision,”the mother said and looked at her two sons.4.How

29、 time flies! It is two (month) since we met last.5.During the Spring Festival,people in North China usually eat (dumpling)as a traditional Chinese fooD.6.Kaili is one of the most beautiful (city) in Guizhou.7.Did the policeman give some_(advice)on how to protect personal information?8.Many (volunteer)are playing an active part in making Kunming a beautiful city.9.Can you give me some bottles of (orange), please?10.How many (cow) are there on the hill? VI.将下列汉语译成英语1.一张纸 2.两瓶可乐 3.一场结婚典礼 4.吉姆的爷爷 5.北京的天气 6.她的一个同学 7.四位男护士 8.六只鹅 9.我的铅笔 10.个人发展 8