(解析版)2021年中考英语(全国通用).pdf

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1、冲刺2021年中考英语题型预测与满分挑战专练10一、阅读理解序号题型主题语境话题1阅读理解人与社会水资源对非洲女性的影响2阅读理解人与自然塔克拉玛干沙漠地下水源的情况3阅读理解人与社会中 国 嫦 娥5号探测器探月的历程4完型填空人与自我在异国他乡求学的经历5书面表达人与自我如何合理的使用零花钱1The idea may hit you once or twice a year.You come home on a hot summer day,hoping to have a cool bath,and find there is no water.Then you see how impor

2、tant water is in your everyday life.However,in many parts ofthe world,water is not just about ones everyday needs.In countries like Tanzania,water is hard to get,and the job of collecting water falls on womens shoulders.Girls are often kept home from school to collect water while their brothers stay

3、 at school studying.Studies showTanzanian girls who live 15 minutes away from clean water spend 12%more time at school than those who live anhour away.More time spent collecting water means less time for learning.For these girls,Knowledge is Power”isnot just words;it is a sad fact in real life.With

4、less time spent at school,their chances of getting well paid jobs aresmall,and they often have no voice on important matters,like who to marry.These girls are often married into poorfamilies.They have little money or knowledge to take care of their children,who often end up dying young.For thebaby g

5、irls who are lucky enough to survive,their life may still center around“water,Ujust like their mothers*.1.What does the underlined part The idea*refer to?A.Water is important in ones everyday life.B.Water is not just about ones everyday needs.C.It is nice to have a cool bath on a hot summer day.D.We

6、 should not take a bath when there is a little water.2.According to the studies,Tanzanian girls living closer to clean wat er.A.must collect more water B.will marry into rich familiesC.may have more time to study D.can understand Knowledge is Power”3.What do we learn from the reading?1A.children in

7、poor countries die from drinking water every day.B.children from poor families stay at home and care for younger children.C.Tanzanian girls are often paid less for the same job than the boys are.D.Tanzanian girls with little education can hardly have a bright future4.Which of the following may be th

8、e most suitable illustration（插图）for this passage?5.What is the passage mainly about?A.Why it is important to save water.B.Why it is hard to get water in poor countries.C.How water may play a part in ones future.D.How water may give a country power.【答案】1.A 2.C 3.D 4.B 5.C【解析】文章主要是介绍水的重要性，在一些国家水不仅仅是人们

9、每天的所需，更是改变了一些人的命运。举例像坦桑尼亚这样的国家很难得到水，取水的工作一般都是落在女人肩上，女孩们也要花很多时间在水上，所以她们没有更多的时间学习，从而没有知识，重大事情上没有发言权，比如要嫁给谁。1.词义猜测题。根据文中The idea may hit you once or twice a year.You come home on a hot summer day,hoping to have a cool bath,and find there is no water.Then you see how important water is in your everyday

10、lifb.”可知，这里的“The idea”指的是“水在日常生活中很重要。故选A。2.细节理解题。根据文中“Studies show Tanzanian girls who live 15 minutes away from clean water spend 12%more time at school than those who live an hour away.More time spent collecting water means less time forlearning.可知，如果住的地方离干净的水源更近，她们就有更多的时间学习，故选C。3.推理判断题。根据文中“For t

11、hese girls,“Knowledge is Power is not just words;it is a sad fact in reallife.They have little money or knowledge to take care of their children,who often end up dying young.“可知，2坦桑尼亚没有受过多少教育的女孩很难有一个光明的未来，故选Do4.推理判断题。根据整个文章的理解可知，主要是介绍水的重要性的，介绍坦桑尼亚干净水源的远近决定了她们受教育的时间以及未来，所以B 选项中图片上的提示“WELL 2km”比较符合，故选

12、B。5.主旨大意题。根据整个文章的理解可知，主要是介绍水的重要性的，介绍坦桑尼亚女孩们在取水所花的时间越多就越没有时间学习，就越难有一个光明的未来，也就是说干净水源的远近决定了她们受教育的程度以及未来，也就是水对她们未来的影响，故选C。2When we think about the deserts of the world,water abundance（资源丰富）is one of the last things that cometo mind.But that might change for the Taklamakan Desert（塔克拉玛干沙漠）in China.There i

13、s a huge underground sea that has more water than all of the great lakes in total in North America.People have never dared to imagine so much water under the sand before,said Professor Li Yan.A basin is,a valley（山谷）that usually collects water from the mountain drainage systems（山脉排水系统）,like water tha

14、t has melted and is running down from nearby,snow-covered mountains.But,if you look at the Tarim（塔里木）basin,you wont see any water.Thats partly because local people collect most of the melt water to irrigate crops.The rest either seeps into theground or evaporates into the dry desert air.So how did t

15、his desert have such huge water?It dates back to（追溯至！J）2,000 years ago when farmers in theregion began irrigating the land.And the soil of the local farmlands is salty,like the sea.nAs a result,agriculturaldevelopment over human history has enhanced the carbon sink,they write in their report.They es

16、timate（估计）that as much as 10 times the amount in all of the great lakes could be down there.Thescientists dont advise locals to go digging for it,though,because its extremely salty sea water.6.Where does the story happen.A.China.B.Japan.C.North America D.Africa7.What did they discover in Taklamakan

17、Desert?A.Oil.B.Air.C.Water.D.Plants.8.What does the underlined word Hbasin in Chinese in Paragraph 3?A.盆地 B.脸盆 C.基建 D.水域9.Why do the scientists advise locals not to dig for the water?A.Because its a dirty sea.B.Because its salty.3C.Because its not huge enough.D.Because they think its bad for the des

18、ert.10.What does the passage mainly write about?A.The Taklamakan Desert.B.The Tarim basin.C.Water abundance in China.D.A huge underground sea in Taklamakan Desert.【答案】6.A 7.C 8.A 9.B 10.D【解析】文章介绍了塔克拉玛干沙漠地下有非常充足的水源，以及介绍这些水是如何形成的。6.细节理解题。根据文中 When we think about the deserts of the world,water abundanc

19、e（资源丰富）is one of thelast things that come to mind.But that might change for the Taklamakan Desert（塔克拉玛干沙漠）in China.可知,文章讲述的是中国的塔克拉玛干沙漠地下的水资源的问题，所以这个故事是发生在中国，故选A。7.细节理解题。根据文中 There is a huge underground sea that has more water than all of the great lakes in total inNorth America.People have never dar

20、ed to imagine so much water under the sand before,M said Professor Li Yan.以及So how did this desert have such huge water?可知，他们发现了塔克拉玛干沙漠有水，故选Co8.词义猜测题。根据文中 A basin is,a valley（山谷）that usually collects water from the mountain drainagesystems like water that has melted and is running down from nearby,s

21、now-covered mountains.是一个山谷，通常从山区排水系统收集水，就像融化的水从附近积雪的山上流下来一样。由此可知，这里的basin指的是“盆地”，故选A。9.细节理解题。根据文中 The scientists dont advise locals to go digging for it,though,because its extremelysalty sea water.可知，因为水太咸了，所以科学家不建议人们挖，故选B。10.主旨大意题。根据文中 When we think about the deserts of the world,water abundance（资

22、源丰富）is one of thelast things that come to mind.But that might change for the Taklamakan Desert（塔克拉玛干沙漠）in China.以及后文的描述可知，文章主要是介绍塔克拉玛干沙漠地下有水的问题，所以D 选项比较符合，故选D。3Xinhua newsChinas Change-5 probe（探测器）will get to the earth from the moon on December 17th,2020.On December 3rd,2020,a Chinese spaceship,Chan

23、ge-5 probe,took off from the surface of the moon.Itcarried the countrys first samples（样本）of the soil and rocks on the moon.4Change-5 probe is the first Chinese spaceship to take off from a star in space except the earth.OnNovember 24th,Change-5 probe was launched from Wenchang,Hainan Province in Chi

24、na.It landed safely onthe moon on December 1 st.The takeoff from the moon overcame a lot of difficulties,including the different environments between theearth and the moon.But luckily,we made it.Xing Zhuoyi,a designer of Change-5 probe said excitedly.Before the takeoff,a Chinese national flag was un

25、folded from the probe.Everybody in the science hall clappedtheir hands together warmly.,Xing said.At that time,he felt so proud of his work and his country.Change5 is one of the most important and challenging tasks in Chinese space history.It has also been theworlds first moon-sample task in more th

26、an 40 years.If successful,the task will help improve Chinas scienceand technology development.It will play an important part in Chinas future moon landing and deep-spaceexploration（探索）.11.When did Change-5 take off from the moon?A.On November 24th,2020.B.On December 1st,2020.C.On December 3rd,2020.D

27、.On December 17th,2020.12.What is the most possible meaning of the word launched”?A.发射 B.接收 C.返回 D.运输13.When was the last time the world got moon samples?A.In the 1970s.B.In the 1980s.C.In the 1990s.D.In the 2000s.14.Which is the right order according to the passage?Change-5 probe landed safely on t

28、he moon.A Chinese national flag was unfolded from the probe.Change-5 probe took off from the surface of the moon.Change-5 probe was launched from Wenchang,Hainan Province.A.B.C.D.15.The best title of this passage may be.A.A Story of Change B.A Great Step for China SpaceC.A New Journey to the Earth D

29、.Chinas Science and Technology【答案】11.C 12.A 13.A 14.D 15.B5【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要介绍中国嫦娥5 号探测器探月的过程。该事件对中国的航天领域以及科学发展有着深远影响。11.细节理解题。根据第二段“On December 3rd,2020,a Chinese spaceship,Change 5 probe,took off from thesurface of the moon.”可知，2020年 12月 3 日，嫦娥五号探测器从月球表面起飞。故选C。12.词句猜测题。根据第三段“Change-5 probe was laun

30、ched from Wenchang,Hainan Province in China.Illanded safely on the moon on December 1st.“可知，嫦娥5 号从文昌发射，于月球着陆；故 launched意为“发射”。故选Ao13.推理判断题。根据最后一段Tt has also been the worlds first moon-sample task in more than 40 years.可知，匕一次取得月球样本距2020年已经4 0 多年了；故可推断区间范围在1970-1979年，即 1970s。故选A。14.细节理解题。根据“Change-5 p

31、robe was launched from Wenchang.lt landed safely on the moon.a Chinesenational flag was unfolded from the probe.Chang,e-5 probe,took off from the surface of the moon.“可知，嫦娥 5号探月任务的正确顺序为：从文昌起飞、在月球着陆、国旗展开、从月球起飞。故选D。15.最佳标题题。根据最后一段“It will play an important part in Chinas future moon landing and deep-s

32、paceexploration”及全文可知，文章主要介绍了中国嫦娥5 号探月过程及对中国航天领域、科学发展等方面的深远影响，这次事件是中国航天领域迈出的伟大的一步；故“中国航天迈出地伟大的一步 可作为本文标题。故选 B。二、完型填空As soon as I took the plane to Canada,I set out on my new journey.I suddenly realized I was leaving my best16 in China.A feeling of worry and nervousness rushed through me.They tried t

33、o make me 17 that wewould meet again.But the truth is that I was leaving and they were staying,so I was 18 them forever.So,when I set 19 in my new class on a cold winter morning,I didnt feel 20.Staring at mewere forty pairs of curious eyes.My face 21 turned red.A lot of people talked to me on my fir

34、st day,but Ididnt dare to look them in the eye.I felt that 22 I made new friends,I would be giving up my old friendsin a way.Things turned around on a Friday afternoon.I was stuck with my English homework and had no 23but to ask my classmates for help.I thought they wouldnt be 24 to me as I hadnt be

35、en so close to thembefore.25 my surprise,however,they were quite friendly.26,I started to make friends with them,and weve had countless great memories since then.6I still 27 my old friends dearly,but I dont feel that Ive abandoned（抛弃）them.I know they wouldfeel happy for me.True friends are never 28,

36、maybe in distance（距离）,but not in heart.So dont be afraid of losing 29.Just let it go.During the process,youll discover that you never reallysay goodbye to it.30,it becomes a part of you,helping and guiding you in life.Trees lose their leaves,butthose leaves fall to the ground and help the trees grow

37、.Let our lives grow as trees do.16.A.lifeB.friendsC.teachersD.school17.A.believeB.doubtC.noticeD.fear18.A.visitingB.missingC.changingD.losing19.A.fireB.saleC.footD.heart20.A.hotB.disappointedC.excitedD.popular21.A.carefullyB.hopefullyC.luckilyD.suddenly22.A.ifB.thoughC.untilD.because23.A.dangerB.rea

38、sonC.questionD.choice24.A.importantB.trueC.niceD.thankful25.A.InB.ToC.ForD.At26.A.UnluckilyB.GraduallyC.ProbablyD.Normally27.A.missB.imagineC.reachD.help28.A.tiredB.socialC.apartD.close29.A.anyoneB.somethingC.somebodyD.nothing30.A.InsteadB.RecentlyC.StillD.Otherwise【答案】16.B 17.A18.D 19.C20.C21.D22.A

39、23.D24.C 25.B26.B 27.A 28.C 29.B 30.A【解析】本文作者讲述了自己去加拿大求学，要离开他在中国最好的朋友感到很难过。刚开始，他到加拿大，他觉得如果他交了新朋友，他会在某种程度上抛弃他的老朋友。后来，他逐渐地交了一些新朋友，从此他有了无数美好的回忆。但是，他非常想念他的老朋友，但他不觉得他抛弃了他们。真正的朋友永远不会分开，纵使相距遥远，心灵却亲密无间。16.句意：我突然意识到我要离开我在中国最好的朋友了。life 生活；friends 朋友；teachers 老师；school 学校。根据第 5 段“I still.my old friends dearly,

40、.True friendsare never”可知此处指以前学校的朋友们，故选B。717.句意：他们试图让我相信我们还会再见面。believe 相信；doubt 怀疑；notice 注意；fear 害怕，恐惧。根据下文“But the truth is that I was leaving and theywere staying,”可知他们让我相信会再见面,故选A。18.句意：但事实是，我离开了，他们留下来所以我将永远失去了他们。visiting 拜访；missing 想 念;changing 改变；losing 失去。根据上文“But the truth is that I was lea

41、ving and theywere staying,”可知是要失去他们；故选D。19.句意：所以，当我在一个寒冷的冬日早晨踏上新的课堂时，我并不感到兴奋。fire 火;sale 出售；foot 脚;heart 心。短语 set foot in 踏入.固定短语，结合“when I set in my new class”可知是“踏入”，故选C。20.句意：所以，当我在一个寒冷的冬日早晨踏上新的课堂时，我并不感到兴奋。hoi 热的，辣的；disappointed 失望的；exciled 兴奋的；popular 受欢迎的。根据上文“But the truth is that I wasleaving

42、 and they were staying,so I was losing them fbrever.”可知作者将失去他的朋友，由此推测，他不高兴，故选C。21.句意：我的脸突然变红了。carefully仔细地；hopefully充满希望地；luckily幸运地；suddenly突然，忽然。根据上文“Staring at me wereforty pairs of curious eyes.”可知有四十双好奇的眼睛盯着作者，由此可推测，作者的脸突然变红了；故选D。2 2.句意：我觉得如果我交了新朋友，我会在某种程度上放弃我的老朋友。if如果；ihough虽然，尽管；until到.时，直到.为

43、止；because因为。此句是宾语从句，根据句意可知宾语从句的前句表示条件，后句表示结果，故选A。23.句意：我被英语作业难住了，没有选择，只好向同学求助。danger 危险；reason 原 因;question 问题；choice 选择。根据上文“I was stuck with my English homework”可知除了向同学求助没有选择,have no choice but to do sth.除了.别无选择，故选D。24.句意：我以为他们对我不好，因为我以前和他们没那么亲近。important重要的；（rue真的；nice友好的，令人愉快的，美好的；thankful感谢的，感激

44、的。根据下文“as Ihadnt been so close to them befbre”可知作者推测他们会他不好,be nice to sb.对.好,故 选 C。25.句意：然而，令我惊讶的是，他们相当友好。In在.里；To到，往；For为了，给；A t在。to one、surprise令某人惊讶的是，固定短语。故选B。26.句意：渐渐地，我开始和他们交朋友，从此我们有了无数美好的回忆。Unluckily 不幸的是；Gradually 逐渐地；Probably 很可能；Normally 正常地。根据上文“they were quite friendly8可知作者由于英语作业不会，向他们求助

45、，他们很友好，由此可推测，渐渐地，他们成为了好朋友。故选B。2 7.句意：我仍然非常想念我的老朋友，但我不觉得我抛弃了他们。miss 想念；imagine 想 象;reach 到达；help 帮助。根据下文“but I dont feel that Ive abandoned（抛弃）them.可知作者想念他的老朋友。故选A。28.句意：真正的好朋友永不分离，纵使相距遥远，心灵却亲密无间。tired疲倦的，累的；social社会的；apart分离，分开；close亲密的，近的。根据下文“maybe in distance（距离）,but not in heart.”可知真正的好朋友永不分离，故选

46、C。29.句意：所以不要害怕失去什么。anyone任何人；something某物，某事，重要的事物；somebody某人：nolhing什么都没有。根据上文“Truefriends are never apart,maybe in distance（距离）,but not in heart.”可知，不要害怕失去什么重要的东西，故选 B。3 0.句意：相反，它成为你的一部分，在生活中帮助和指导你。Instead 相 反;Recently 最近；Still 仍然;Otherwise 否则。根据上文“During the process,youll discover that younever re

47、ally say goodbye to it.”句 意（在这个过程中，你会发现，你从来没有真正说再见。）和此句句意是转折关系，故选A。三、书面表达随着家庭生活条件的提高，现在的孩子或多或少会有一些零花钱。请以How to Spend Our Pocket Money为题写一段话，内容必须包括以下提示要点，词数在80100之间。1.你从哪里得到零花钱；2.你平常用零花钱做些什么（至少两点）；3.你觉得用零花钱还可以做些什么更有意义的事（至少两点）。注意：L 文中不得出现真实的人名、校名和地名：2.文章的标题和开头已付出，不计入总词数。How to Spend Our Pocket MoneyAs

48、 families are now living a better life,we kids can have some pocket money【参考范文】How to Spend Our Pocket MoneyAs families are now living a better life,we kids can have some pocket money.1 usually get my pocket money9from my parents.Sometimes,!can get some by selling waste paper and bottles.I often use

49、 my pocket money to buybreakfast on my way to school.I also buy some books to help me with my lessons with my pocket money.I think Ican do something more meaningful with it.For example,!can go traveling to a tourist attraction to enjoy myself inthe summer holidays.I can also donate my pocket money t

50、o help poor children in western areas of China so thatthey can live happily.【解析】这是一篇给材料作文，以 How to Spend Our Pocket Money为题写一段话，介绍如何花零花钱。结合所给材料，可知本文主要考查一般现在时，人称为单数第一，三人称，注意主谓一致问题，句子结构主要为系表结构，注意一些常见句式的应用，比如：As families are.,I can get some by.,I think.,I can alsodonate my pocket money to 等句式的应用。写作中注意运