2020年度职称英语等级考试试题及答案理工类B级.pdf

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1、职称英语等级考试试题及答案理工类B级资料仅供参考职称英语等级考试试题及答案-理工类B级第一部分：词汇选项（第 1 1 5 题，每题1 分，共 1 5 分）下面共有1 5 个句子，每个句子中均有1 个词或短语画有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4 个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。1.The hi gh-s p eed t r ai n s can hav e a m aj o ri m p act o n t r av el p r efer en ces.A fo r ce B i n fl u en ceC s u r p r i s e D p

2、 o w er2.C an y o u fo l l o w t he p l o t?A chan ge B i n v es t i gat eC w r i t e D u n der s t an d资料仅供参考3.Even in a highly modernized country,manual work is still needed.A physical B mentalC natural D hard4.In the latter case the outcome can beserious indeed.A result B judgmentC decision D eve

3、nt5.Norman Blarney is an artist of deepconvictions.A statements B beliefsC suggestions D claims资料仅供参考6.Up to now,the work has been easy.A So B So longC So that D So far7.The report advocated setting up daytraining colleges.A supposed B excitedC suggested D discussed8.Accordingly,a number of other me

4、thodshave been employed.A Therefore B AfterwardsC However D Furthermore9.The outlook from the top of the mountainis breathtaking.资料仅供参考A view B sightC look D point10.Our lives are intimately bound up withtheirs.A tensely B nearlyC carefully D closely11.The union representative put across herargument

5、 very effectively.A explained B inventedC considered D accepted12.He talks tough but has a tender heart.A heavy B strong资料仅供参考C kind D wild13.It is no use debating the relative meritsof this policy.A making B takingC discussing D expecting14.Our statistics show that we consume allthat we are capable

6、 of producing.A waste B buyC use D sell15.The fuel tanks had a capacity of 140liters.A function B ability资料仅供参考C power D volume第2部分：阅读判断（第1 6-2 2题，每题1分，共7分）阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑；如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑。The Threat to K iribatiThe peop

7、le of K iribati are afraid that oneday in the not-too-distant future,theircountry will disappear from the face of theearth-literally.Several times this year,the Pacific island nation has been floodedby a sudden high tide.These tides,whichswept across the island and destroyed houses,资料仅供参考came when t

8、here was neither wind nor rain.“This never happened before,say theolder citizens of K iribati.What is causing these mysterious high tides?The answer may well be global warming.Whenfuels like oil and coal are being burned,pollutants（污 染 物）are released;thesepollutants trap heat in the earth satmospher

9、e.Warmer temperatures cause waterto expand and also create more water bymelting glaciers（冰 川）and polar（极地的）ice caps.If the trend continues,scientists say,manycountries will suffer,Bangladesh,forexample,might lose one-fifth of its land.The coral（珊瑚）island nations of thePacific,like K iribati and the

10、MarshallIslands,however,would face an even worsefate-they would be swallowed by the sea.The loss of these coral islands would be资料仅供参考everyone?s loss.Coral formations are hometo more species than any other place onearth.The people of these nations feel frustrated.The sea,on which their economies hav

11、ealways been based,is suddenly threateningtheir existence.They don t have the moneyfor expensive technological solutions likeseawalls.And they have no control over thepollutants,which are being released mainlyby activities in large industrializedcountries.All they can do is to hope thatindustrialize

12、d countries will take steps toreduce pollution.16.The people of K iribati worry that one daytheir country will be taken away by a suddenhigh tide.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned资料仅供参考17.High tides used to attack K iribati whenthere was strong wind or heavy rain.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned18.The

13、heat released by burning oil and coalis the direct cause of global warming.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned19.Scientists are not sure how serious theeffects of global warming will be.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned20.The coral island nations of the Pacifichave a long history of civilization.A Right B

14、 Wrong C Not mentioned21.The people of the coral island nationsare unable to do anything substantial about资料仅供参考t he p r o bl em o f gl o bal w ar m i n g.A Ri ght B Wr o n g C No t m en t i o n ed2 2.So m e i n du s t r i al i z ed co u n t r i es ar eu n w i l l i n g t o s p en d m o n ey i n r e

15、du ci n gp o l l u t i o n.A Ri ght B Wr o n g C No t m en t i o n ed第 3 部分:概括大意与完成句子(第2 3 3 0 题,每题1 分，共 8 分)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2 项测试任务：(1)第 2 3-2 6 题要求从所给的6 个选项中为第2、3、5 和 6 段每段选择1 个正确的小标题；(2)第 2 7 3 0 题要求从所给的6 个选项中选择4 个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。资料仅供参考Robots1 The most sophisticated（先进的）Japaneserobots,

16、which have vision systems and workat very high speeds,are still based onAmerican designs.Studies of robots,particularly computer control software,areconsidered to be generally less advanced inJapan than in America or Europe.2 Although industrial robots wereoriginally developed as devices for simplyh

17、andling objects,today their commonestuses are for more skilled work like welding（焊 接），spray-painting and assemblingcomponents.3 In Britain,robot sales appropriatelypeaked in 1984,but have been declining eversince.This is partly because British wagerates are too low to make robots financially资料仅供参考at

18、tractive and partly because engineers nowhave more experience with robots and aremore aware of the difficulties ofintroducing them effectively.4 It has been calculated that a robot useson average about 100 times more energy thana human to do an equivalent job.5 It is estimated that 20%of all comic b

19、ookheroes in Japan are robots.This is anenormous number because comics are sopopular that they make up a third of allmaterial published in Japan.6 The reliability of robots is measured intheir M.T.B.F.or mean time between failures.This has risen from about 250 hours in themid-1970s to about 10,000 h

20、ours today(equivalent to working 18 hours a day for twoyears.)One way robot manufacturers haveincreased reliability is to test every资料仅供参考single component they buy,instead of thenormal procedure of just testing a smallsample.7 The biggest single benefit of introducingrobots claimed by Japanese compa

21、nies is thatthey increase quality control.Onceprogrammed,the robots can work moreaccurately and consistently than humans,who can get tired and bored.A Ongoing ResearchB Extension of UseC Robot HeroesD Greater ReliabilityE Falling Demand资料仅供参考F H i dden D an ger2 3.Par agr ap h 22 4.Par agr ap h 32 5

22、.Par agr ap h 52 6.Par agr ap h 62 7.E v en t he m o s t s o p hi s t i cat ed J ap an es er o bo t s ar e.2 8.Ro bo t s ar e l es s p o p u l ar i n B r i t ai n t o dayp ar t l y becau s e.2 9.On e di s adv an t age o f u s i n g r o bo t s i s t hatt hey co n s u m e.3 0.The u s e o f r o bo t s

23、i n cr eas es资料仅供参考A t o o m u ch en er gyB bas ed o n A m er i can des i gn sC t hey ar e t o o co s t l yD t hey ar e n o t r el i abl eE q u al i t y co n t r o lF fr ee o f char ge第 4 部分：阅读理解（第 3 1 4 5 题，每题3 分,共 4 5 分）下面有3 篇短文，每篇短文后有5 道题，每道题后面有4 个选项。请根据文章的内容，从每题所给的4 个选项中选择1 个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。第一篇

24、 New F o o ds an d t he New Wo r l d资料仅供参考In the last 500 years,nothing about people-not their clothes,ideas,or languages-has changed as much as what they eat.Theoriginal chocolate drink was made from theseeds of the coca tree（可可树）by SouthAmerican Indians.The Spanish introduced itto the rest of the

25、world during the 1500 s.And although it was very expensive,itquickly became fashionable.In London,shops where chocolate drinks were servedbecame important meeting places.Some stillexist today.The potato is also from the New World.Around1600,the Spanish brought it from Peru toEurope,where it soon was

26、 widely grown.Ireland became so dependent on it thatthousands of Irish people starved when thecrop failed during the aPotato Famine（饥荒）”of 1845-1846,and thousands more wereforced to leave their homeland and move to资料仅供参考America.There are many other foods that havetraveled from South America to the O

27、ld World.But some others went in the oppositedirection.Brazil is now the world slargest grower of coffee,and coffee is animportant crop in Colombia and other SouthAmerican countries.But it is native toEthiopia,a country in Africa.It was firstmade into a drink by Arab during the 1400 s.According to a

28、n Arabic legend,coffee wasdiscovered when a person name K aldi noticedthat his goats were attracted to the redberries on a coffee bush.He tried one andexperienced the“wide-awake“feeling thatone-third of the world?s population nowstarts the day with.31.According to the passage,which of thefollowing h

29、as changed the most in the last资料仅供参考5 0 0 y ear s?A.F o o dB.C l o t hi n gC.I deo l o gy.D.Lan gu age.3 2.So m e i n t he l as t s en t en ce o f t hefi r s t p ar agr ap h r efer s t oA.s o m e co co a t r ees.B.s o m e cho co l at e dr i n k s.C.s o m e s ho p s.D.s o m e s o u t h am er i can i

30、 n di an s.3 3.Tho u s an ds o f I r i s h p eo p l e s t ar v ed du r i n g资料仅供参考the“Potato Famine”becauseA.they were so dependent on potatoes thatthey refused to eat anything else.B.they were forced to leave their homelandand move to america.C.the weather conditions in ireland werenot suitable for

31、 growing potatoes.D.the potato harvest was bad.34.Which country is the largest coffeeproducer?A.Brazil.B.Colombia.C.Ethiopia.资料仅供参考D.Egypt.35.Which of the following statements is NOTtrue,according to the passage?A.One third of the world s populationdrinks coffee.B.Coffee is native to Colombia.C.Coff

32、ee can keep one awake.D.Coffee drinks were first made by Arabs.第二篇 Please Fasten Your SeatbeltsSevere turbulence（湍流）can kill aircraftpassengers.Now,in test flights over theRocky Mountains,NASA（美国航空航天局）engineers have successfully detectedclear-air turbulence up to 10 seconds beforean aircraft hits it

33、.资料仅供参考C l ear-ai r t u r bu l en ce o ft en cat ches p i l o t sby s u r p r i s e.I n v i s i bl e t o r adar,i t i sdi ffi cu l t t o fo r ecas t an d can hu r l （用力抛出 去）p as s en ger s abo u t t he cabi n.I nD ecem ber 1 9 9 7,o n e p as s en ger di ed an d ahu n dr ed o t her s w er e i n j u r

34、 ed w hen u n ex p ect edr o u gh ai r cau s ed a Un i t ed A i r l i n es fl i ghto v er t he Paci fi c t o dr o p 3 0 0 m et r es i n a fews eco n ds.H o w ev er,p as s en ger s can av o i d s er i o u si n j u r y by fas t en i n g t hei r s eat bel t s.I t i st he o n l y an t i do t e（对策）fo r t

35、 hi s s o r t o ft hi n gs,“s ay s Ro d B o gu e,p r o j ect m an ager atNA SA s D r y den F l i ght Res ear ch C en t er i nE dw ar ds,C al i fo r n i a.The c e n t r e s n ew t u r bu l en ce det ect o r i sbas ed o n l i dar,o r l as er r adar,Las er p u l s esar e s en t ahead o f t he p l an e

36、an d t hes e ar et hen r efl ect ed back by p ar t i cl es i n t he ai r.资料仅供参考The t echn i q u e dep en ds o n t he D o p p l er effect.The w av el en gt h o f t he l i ght s hi ft s acco r di n gt o t he s p eed at w hi ch t he p ar t i cl es ar eap p r o achi n g.I n cal m ai r,t he s p eed eq u

37、al st he p l an e s ai r s p eed.B u t as t he p ar t i cl ess w i r l （打漩）i n r o u gh ai r,t hei r s p eed o fap p r o ach i n cr eas es o r decr eas es r ap i dl y.The r at e o f chan ge i n s p eed co r r es p o n ds t ot he s ev er i t y （激烈程度）o f t he t u r bu l en ce.I n a s er i es o f t es

38、t s t hat began l as t m o n t h,a r es ear ch j et fl ew r ep eat edl y i n t odi s t u r bed ai r o v er t he m o u n t ai n r i dges （l l i脉）n ear Pu ebl o,C o l o r ado.The l i dardet ect o r s p o t t ed t u r bu l en ce bet w een 3 an d 8k i l o m et r es ahead,an d i t s fo r ecas t s o fs t

39、r en gt h an d du r at i o n co r r es p o n ded cl o s el yw i t h t he t u r bu l en ce t hat t he p l an een co u n t er ed.B o gu e s ay s t hat he had“a co m fo r t abl eam o u n t o f t i m e“t o fas t en hi s s eat bel t.The资料仅供参考researchers are planning to improve thelidar s range with a mor

40、e powerful beam.The system could be installed on commercialaircraft in the next few years.36.What does aclear-air turbulenceprobably mean?(Paragraph 1)A A not very rough storm.B Unexpected disturbed air.C A kind of visible storm.D A storm over mountain ridges.37.In December 1997,a United Airlinesfli

41、ght hit unexpected rough air,A causing a lot of damage to the plane.B throwing its passengers out of the cabin.资料仅供参考C resulting in heavy casualties.D forcing the pilot to make an emergencylanding.38.The turbulence detector can tell theseverity of the turbulence by measuringA the speed of the plane.

42、B the speed of the light.C the number of particles in the air.D the changes of the particles speed.39.We can infer from the fifth paragraphthatA the lidar detector can successfullyforecast turbulence.资料仅供参考B researchers are not sure about theeffectiveness of the lidar detector.C passenger planes wil

43、l be used in furtherexperiments.D no more test flights are needed.40.The last paragraph tells us,among otherthings,thatA the lidar detector needs improvement.B many airlines are interested in thesystem.C passengers often forget to fasten theirseatbelts.D the lidar detector can be used in a widerange

44、 of areas.资料仅供参考第三篇“Salty”Rice Plant Boosts HarvestsBritish scientists are breeding a newgeneration of rice plants that will be ableto grow in soil containing salt water.Theirwork may enable abandoned farms to becomeproductive once more.Tim Flowers and Tony Yeo,from SussexUniversity s School of Biol

45、ogical Sciences,have spent several years researching howcrops,such as rice,could be made to growin water that has become salty.The pair have recently begun a three-yearprogramme,funded by the Biotechnology andBiological Sciences Research Council,toestablish which genes enable some plants tosurvive s

46、alty conditions.The aim is tobreed this capability into crops,startingwith rice.资料仅供参考It is estimated that each year more than 100hectares（公顷）of agricultural land arelost because salt gets into the soil andstunts（妨碍生长）plants.The problem iscaused by several factors.In the tropics,mangroves（红树林）that c

47、reate swamps（沼泽）and traditionally formed barriers to seawater have been cut down.In theMediterranean,a series of droughts havecaused the water table to drop,allowing seawater to seep（渗透）in.in Latin America,irrigation often causes problems when wateris evaporated（蒸发）by the heat,leavingsalt deposits b

48、ehind.Excess salt then enters the plants andprevents them functioning normally.Heavyconcentrations of minerals in the plantsstop them drawing up the water they need tosurvive.资料仅供参考To overcome these problems,Flowers and Yeodecided to breed rice plants that take invery little salt and store what they

49、 doabsorb in cells that do not affect theplants growth.They have started to breedthese characteristics into a new rice crop,but it will take about eight harvests beforethe resulting seeds are ready to beconsidered for commercial use.Once the characteristics for survivingsalty soil are known,Flowers

50、and Yeo willtry to breed the appropriate genes into allmanners of crops and plants.Land that hasbeen abandoned to nature will then be ableto bloom again,providing much needed foodin the poorer countries of the world.41 Which of the following statements aboutFlowers and Yeo is true?A They are student