【新课标全国卷】二 《阅读理解说明类》——2022届高考英语考点剖析精创卷.pdf

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1、【新课标全国卷】专 题 二 阅读理解说明类专练一一2022届高考英语考点剖析精创专题卷考点0 1：主旨大意题考点0 2：细节理解题考点0 3：推理判断题考点0 4：词义猜测题一、Theres m o re eviden ce that w hats go o d fo r yo ur heart is go o d fo r yo ur head.A n ew study sho w s that p eo p l e w ho run,sw im o r do o ther m o derate in ten sity（中等强度）ex ercise have brain s that l o

2、 o k,o n average,1 0 years yo un ger than the brain s o f co uchp o tato es.0 ur study sho w ed that fo r o l der p eo p l e,gettin g m o derate in ten sity ex ercise m aybe p ro tective,hel p in g them k eep their brain s w o rk better,“said Dr.Cl in to n W right o fthe Un iversity o f Miam i,w ho

3、l ed the study.But its n o t n ecessaril y easy.W al k in g,go l f,bo w l in g an d yo ga do n，t co un t,an d p eo p l e n eed to start befo re they begin sho w in g m em o ryl o ss,W rights team rep o rted in the j o urn al N euro l o gy.The study o f n earl y 90 0 p eo p l e w ho ex ercise regul a

4、rl y sho w ed that 90 p ercen t fel lin to the l o w-in ten sity gro up.These p eo p l e are p art o f a l arger gro up tak in g p art in abigger study cal l ed N o rthern Man hattan S tudy.They w ere ask ed ho w l o n g an d ho w o ften theyex ercised durin g the p ast tw o w eek s.Five years l ate

5、r,they w ere tested fo r m em o ry an dthin k in g sk il l s an d go t a brain MR I.S even years after that,they to o k the m em o ry an dthin k in g tests again.The 1 0 p ercen t w ho said they to o k p art in m o derate in ten sity ex ercisesco red better o n the tests.These in cl uded run n in g,

6、cl im bin g,sw im m in g,ridin g bicycl es an dso o n.fo un d that tho se w ith m o derate in ten sity activity had higher sco res an d sl o w erdecl in e than in active p eo p l e w hen co m p arin g the resul ts,the study team w ro te.Man y studies have sho w n that ex ercise m ay n o t p reven t

7、Al zheim ers disease but m aydel ay it.The fin din gs fit in w ith a study that fo un d tw o years o f ex ercisin g,eatin gheal thier fo o d an d brain train in g can p ro m o te p eo p l e*s m em o ry fun ctio n.1.Whats true about the study?A.Most people surveyed took low-intensity exercise.B.Only

8、900 people took part in the bigger study.C.High-intensity exercise is better.D.Ten people scored best on the tests.2.How did the study team come to the conclusion?A.By observing people exercise.B.By using examples.C.By making a comparison.D.By doing a brain MRI.3.What do we know from the last paragr

9、aph?A.Exercise will definitely strengthen people*s memory.BAlzheimers disease may be held back by moderate intensity exercise.C.Exercise can put off the beginning of memory decline.D.The findings fit in with the study of healthy food.4.What，s the best title for this passage?A.How to keep healthy.B.W

10、ays to make your brain work better.C.To exercise or not.D.Moderate intensity exercise keeps your brain younger.二、Like clockwork,nearly every fourth February includes one extra day.February 29th,also known as Leap Day（闰日），isnt exactly a holiday.Instead,its there to keep yourcalendar consistent with t

11、he earths rotation（旋转）around the sun.According to history,Roman emperor Julius Caesar is the“father of Leap Year.Untilhe came along,people had used a 355-day calendar,which was 1 0.25 days shorter than thesolar year（太阳年）.Roman officials were supposed to add an extra month every now and thento keep t

12、he seasons exactly where they should be.But that didn，t work out all that well.When special occasions started shifting into different seasons around 45 BCE,Caesarconsulted experts and then announced that the Roman empire should use a 1 2-month,365-daycalendar,which he named after himself.Caesars Jul

13、ian calendar included a Leap Day everyfour years.Tho ugh Leap Day k eep s yo ur cal en dar in l in e w ith the earth，s ro tatio n aro un d the sun,it causes a differen t k in d o f p ro bl em fo r l eap sters.W hen sho ul d these February 2 9th babiescel ebrate their birthdays durin g the o ther thr

14、ee-quarters o f their l ives?S o m e p arty o nFebruary 2 8th,w hil e o thers p refer a tw o 一 day cel ebratio n that sp an s the l ast day o fFebruary an d the first day o f March.Leap Day can be a n uisan ce in the l egal system.In 2 0 0 6,a co urt in US A w as decidin gw hether crim in al Jo hn M

15、el o co ul d be set free tw o days earl y sin ce his 1 0-year sen ten ce（判开！J）in cl uded tw o Leap Days.In the case,the j udge decided that sin ce the m an w as sen ten cedto p riso n fo r years,n o t days.Leap Day didn t m ak e a bit o f differen ce.Tho ugh a few tim ek eep ers have p ushed fo r ca

16、l en dars that do n t in cl ude Leap Day,al m o stal l ex p erts an d so cieties agree that Leap Day is the best m etho d to k eep the cal en dar o ntrack.1.W hy w as Leap Day created?A.To k eep p ace w ith the so l ar year.B.To k eep track o f al l the seaso n s.C.To cel ebrate sp ecial o ccasio n

17、s.D.To ho n o r Em p ero r Jul ius Caesar.2.W hat is the p ro bl em w ith the birthday cel ebratio n o f February 2 9th babies?A.It is so m etim es del ayed.B.It l asts at l east tw o days.C.It has to be hel d every o ther year.D.It m ay tak e p l ace o n differen t dates.3.W hat do es the un derl i

18、n ed w o rd“n uisan ce“in P aragrap h 4 m ean?A.Jo k e.B.To p ic.C.Tro ubl e.D.Mistak e.4.W hat can w e in fer fro m the p assage?A.Leap Day w as n am ed after Jul ius Caesar.B.Leap sters cel ebrate their birthdays o n ce every fo ur years.C.Jo hn Mel o ben efited fro m Leap Day.D.P eo p l e ho l d

19、differen t attitudes to w ards Leap Day.三、Fo l k tal es have saddl ed（使承担）the m o o n w ith m aj o r resp o n sibil ities:m o o ds,in creases in crim e an d even m en tal diso rders are bl am ed o n the Earths o n l y co n stan t n aturalsatel l ite.But co ul d the ul un ar effect“disturb sl eep?S c

20、ien tists have l o n g un dersto o d that hum an activity is facil itated by l ight,beit sun l ight,m o o n l ight o r artificial l ight.But a recen t study suggests o ur abil ity tosl eep is distin ctl y affected by the l un ar cycl e,even w hen tak in g in to acco un t artificialso urces o f l igh

21、t.Usin g w rist m o n ito rs,researchers track ed sl eep p attern s in 98 in dividual s l ivin gin three l o cal co m m un ities in Argen tin a o ver the co urse o f o n e to tw o m o n ths.O n e ruralco m m un ity had n o el ectricity access,a seco n d rural co m m un ity had l im ited access toel

22、ectricity,w hil e a third co m m un ity w as l o cated in an urban settin g an d had ful l accessto el ectricity.P articip an ts in al l three co m m un ities sho w ed the sam e p attern o f sl eepo scil l atio n s（波动）as the m o o n p ro gressed thro ugh its 2 9.5-day cycl e,w ith sl eep duratio nch

23、an gin g by betw een 2 0 an d m o re than 90 m in utes,an d bedtim es varyin g by 3 0 to 80 m in utes.In each co m m un ity,the p eak o f p articip an ts sl eep in g l ess an d stayin g up l atero ccurred in the three-to-five-day p erio d p rio r to ful l m o o n n ights,an d the o p p o siteo ccurr

24、ed o n the n ights befo re the n ew m o o n,the autho rs fo un d.Un surp risin gl y,data sho w ed the al un ar p hase e f f e c t o n sl eep ap p eared to bestro n ger the m o re l im ited access to el ectricity w as.“The resul t stro n gl y suggests that hum an sl eep is syn chro n ized（同步）w ith l

25、un arp hases regardl ess o f ethn ic an d so cio-cul tural back gro un d an d o f the l evel o furban isatio n,“the researchers w ro te in the j o urn al S cien ce Advan ces.De l a Igl esia added:W e hum an s ten d to bel ieve that w e m an aged to so m eho w co n tro ln ature,an d the use o f artif

26、icial l ight is a great ex am p l e o f that.But it turn s o ut thatthere are so m e fo rces o f n ature that w e can n o t get aw ay fro m.”Derk-Jan Dij k,a p ro fesso r o f sl eep an d p hysio l o gy an d the directo r o f a sl eepresearch cen tre at the Un iversity o f S urrey,described the study

27、 as ex citin g but n o tedthat the researchers had n o t addressed in tern al in fl uen ces such as bo dy cl o ck s that co ul daffect sl eep p attern s.1.W hat is the recen t study m ain l y abo ut?A.The harm o f l un ar effect.B.The rel iabil ity o f fo l k tal es.C.The fun ctio n o f artificial l

28、 ight.D.The effect o f the l un ar cycl e o n sl eep.2.W hen did the p articip an ts in the ex p erim en t sl eep l east?A.O n the ful l m o o n n ight.B.O n the n ew m o o n n ight.C.O n the n ight after the n ew m o o n.D.O n the n ight befo re the ful l m o o n.3.W hat do es the un derl in ed w o

29、 rd“that”in the l ast p aragrap h but o n e refer to?A.Co n tro l l in g n ature.B.The l evel o f urban isatio n.C.The eseap e fro m fo rces o f n ature.D.S yn chro n izin g w ith l un ar p hases.4.W hat did Derk Jan Dij k thin k o f the research fin din gs?A.Gro un dl ess.B.P ersuasive.C.In co m p

30、l ete.D.Im p ressive.四、Do yo u stil l rem em ber the scen e in the fam o us m o vie Titan ic,directed by Cam ero n,w here Jack w as fro zen to death in the icy co l d w ater so that R o se co ul d survive（存活）o nthe fl o atin g（?）do o r al o n e?It bro k e m an y p eo p l e*s hearts.Tw en ty years l

31、ater,p eo p l e are stil l ask in g the questio n,W asn t there en o ugh ro o mo n the do o r fo r bo th o f them?”Cam ero n o n ce resp o n ded by sayin g it w asn t a questio n o f ro o m,but buo yan cy（浮力）一if bo th o f them had tried to stay o n the raft（木排），he argued,the w ho l e thin g w o ul d

32、sin k （沉没）.But several guys fro m “MythBusters”,an Austral ian-Am erican scien ce en tertain m en ttel evisio n p ro gram,decided to test the theo ry them sel ves.They disco vered that if R o sehad to o k o ff her l ife j ack et to the bo tto m o f the raft,there w o ul d have been en o ugh buo yan

33、cyto k eep bo th o f them afl o at.W hen they p resen ted their fin din gs to Cam ero n,the directo r in sisted that Jackco ul dn，t be saved.The an sw er is very sim p l e,Cam ero n said.Because it says o n P age 1 47 o f thescrip t（居l j本）that Jack dies.To Cam ero n,it w as an artistic cho ice to ha

34、ve the bel o vedcharacter o f m il l io n s,Jack,sin k in to the co l d sea.Jack had to die because Cam ero n tho ughtit w o ul d be best.“It w as an artistic cho ice,the thin g w as j ust big en o ugh to ho l d her,an d n o t bigen o ugh to ho l d him,Cam ero n said.I thin k its al l k in d o f sil

35、 l y,real l y,that w erehavin g this discussio n 2 0 years l ater.But it do es sho w that the fil m w as effective inm ak in g Jack so bel o ved by the audien ce that it hurts them to see him die.The fil m is abo utdeath an d sep aratio n;he had to die.”S in ce Jack had to die,Cam ero n said,it co u

36、l d have hap p en ed in a variety o f differen tw ays.Its n o t abo ut the do o r n o t bein g big en o ugh:thats j ust a p ractical m etho d fo rhis death.W hether it w as that,o r w hether a chim n ey fel l o n him,he w as go in g do w n,Cam ero n said.Its cal l ed art:thin gs hap p en fo r artist

37、ic reaso n s,n o t fo r p hysicsreaso n s.1.W hat do w e k n o w abo ut the character Jack acco rdin g to the tex t?A.He w an ted to k il l him sel f.B.He gave up his o w n l ife to save R o se.C.He didn，t have m o n ey to buy the tick et.D.He l ack ed basic k n o w l edge o f p hysics.2.Acco rdin g

38、 to Cam ero n,w hy did the audien ce argue abo ut Jack s death fo r 2 0 years?A.They are w eak p eo p l e.B.They do n t l ik e the m o vie.C.They l o ve the character Jack.D.They are crazy abo ut p hysics.3.W hy w as a chim n ey m en tio n ed in the l ast p aragrap h?A.To in tro duce ho w the ship w

39、 as buil t.B.To sho w the o rigin al p l an o f the m o vie.C.To p resen t the m issin g p art o f the m o vie.D.To ex p l ain the un chan geabl e fate o f Jack.4.W hat is the best titl e o f the tex t?A.Jack in Titan ic Must Die.B.Big En o ugh fo r Bo th.C.Cam ero n Is W ro n g.D.Jack Co ul d S urv

40、ive.五、S o far this year,the ho l e in the o zo n e l ayer（臭氧层）o ver An tarctica has ex p an ded too n e o f its l argest sizes an d deep est l evel s in years,rep o rted Chin a Dail y.S o ho w big is the o zo n e ho l e?O n S ep t.2 0,the ho l e o ver An tarctica p eak ed at 2 4.8 m il l io n square

41、 k il o m eters,w hich is three tim es the size o f the Un ited S tates.It hasin creased by 8.4 m il l io n square k il o m eters sin ce 2 0 1 9.That p uts it in abo ut the sam e areas as o zo n e ho l es in 2 0 1 5 an d 2 0 1 8,w hich resp ectivel yreco rded p eak s o f 2 5.6 an d 2 2.9 m il l io n

42、 square k il o m eters.“The 2 0 2 0 o zo n e l o ss sho w s that w e have to rem ain cautio us an d m ain tain co n tin uo uso bservatio n s,said W o rl d Meteo ro l o gical O rgan izatio n S ecretary-Gen eral P etted Taal as.The o zo n e l ayer is im p o rtan t because it acts l ik e a sun screen,b

43、l o ck in g harm fulul travio l et l ight（紫外线）fro m reachin g o ur p l an et，s surface.W itho ut,it,hum an s an dan im al s w il l be m o re l ik el y to ex p erien ce diseases such as sk in can cers,im m un e sup p ressio n,cataracts an d p rem ature agin g.O f co urse,hum an s p l ay a l arge ro l

44、 e in the dam age o f the o zo n e l ayer.The l o ss o fo zo n e in the An tarctic,as w el l as the Arctic,is due to the l arge quan tity o fo zo n e-destro yin g gases caused by hum an activity.O n ce gettin g in to the atm o sp here,thesegases can rem ain fo r m an y years.In ex trem el y co l d w

45、 eather co n ditio n s,they resul t inchem ical reactio n s that destro y the o zo n e l ayer.“The Arctic strato sp here（平 流 层）co n tin ues to be w eak to o zo n e-dep l etin gsubstan ces（物质）l in k ed to hum an activities,said Taal as.Marcus R ex,a scien tist at the Al fred W egen er In stitute in G

46、erm an y,to l d N ature thatthe o zo n e ho l e do esn t threaten hum an heal th but o ver the n ex t m o n th,there is a p o ssibil itythat it m ight m o ve to areas w ith l arger p o p ul atio n.In that case,he reco m m en ds m o resun screen.Al tho ugh it seem s bad,scien tists are ho p eful that

47、 Earth can heal itsel f.R esearchersbel ieve the o zo n e ho l e w il l even tual l y heal an d aro un d 2 0 50,Earth*s o zo n e l ayer w il l returnto n o rm al.1.W hat do w e k n o w abo ut the ho l e in the o zo n e l ayer?A.It in creases 8.4 m il l io n k m every year.B.It is the first tim e fo

48、r it to be this l arge.C.It is 2 4.8 m il l io n k il o m eters abo ve the Earth.D.It has reached a sim il ar p eak l evel in the p ast.2.W hat is the m ain cause o f the dam age o f the o zo n e l ayer?A.The serio us p o l l utio n in p o p ul ated areas.B.The bro k en n atural bal an ce o f the Ar

49、ctic strato sp here.C.The l arge quan tity o f certain harm ful gases rel eased.1）.Chem ical reactio n s in ex trem el y co l d w eather co n ditio n s.3.W hat is scien tists*attitude to w ard Earths o zo n e l ayer,acco rdin g to the l ast p aragrap h?A.O p tim istic.B.Ho p el ess.C.Do ubtful.D.Un

50、co n cern ed.4.W hich is the best titl e fo r the p assage?A.P ro tect the o zo n e l ayerB.R ap idl y gro w in g o zo n e ho l eC.The o zo n e l ayer m atters to usD.The o zo n e l ayer an d the Earth六、S o m e p aren ts w il l buy an y high-tech to y if they thin k it w il l hel p their chil d,butr