2023届上海市闵行区高三下学期二模英语试卷(含答案解析).docx
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1、2023届上海市闵行区高三下学期二模英语试卷学校:姓名:班级:考号:一、用单词的适当形式完成短文Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that
2、 best fits each blank.Humans have been living and working on the space station for over 20 years. Their meals are packaged, though sometimes astronauts receive fresh treats resupply missions. The longer that packaged food is stored, the more 2 may lose nutrients.Astronauts have successfully grown 10
3、 different crops on the space station since 2015 and had the chance 3 (taste) each one. The International Space Station hosted a party for astronauts on Friday as they celebrated the harvest of the first chili peppers 4 (raise) in space.Plant Habitat-04 was one of the most complex plant experiments
4、on the orbiting laboratory 5 peppers took much longer to grow than the previous experiment plants there. After growing for four months, the peppers 6 (harvest) on Friday. When the vegetables were ready to eat, the astronauts also completed a sensory assessment. They rated the flavor, color, appearan
5、ce, and taste of the produce to see 7 the labor over their greens proved fruitful as a supplement to prepackaged space food.Fresh greens, like peppers, provide a great source of key nutrients, which are essential to human bodies. Fresh greens also have psychological benefits. They can help to keep m
6、orale (士气)and provide a sense of normalcy (正常)on missions 8 all the conditions are distinctively different from the earth. Fresh greens make a long-duration mission 9 (bearable) by providing a taste of home.Looking to the future, the plant experiments have the potential to significantly impact the s
7、ustainability of space exploration. They 10, one day, provide a food source forlong-term habitation of Mars and other planets.二、选用适当的单词或短语补全短文Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can bit of dirt.Many of the psychological benefits of outdoor play are alr
8、eady well established. Our brains evolved in natural landscapes. This means that natural scenes provide the perfect level of stimulation, which is thought to help recharge the brain when it is tired and easily unfocused. Supporting this theory, one study from 2009 found that children with attention-
9、deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)(注意力缺陷多动症)were better able to concentrate following a 20-minute walk in the park, compared to a 20-minute walk on the streets of a well-kept urban area. Being close to grass and trees seemed to have had a beneficial effect on their minds. The authors recommended
10、using such “doses of nature” as a safe and accessible way of supporting children with ADHD, alongside other tools.Outdoor play can also offer valuable learning experiences. For example, the act of shaping and stretching materials like mud or sand can help children develop the way their senses and mo
11、vement interact, known as加of(感觉运动)development, according tothe scientists at the University of Palermo, Italy. This allows the child to gradually understand his or her bodily signals.Given the known psychological benefits, many day-care centers and schools are already encouraging greater contact wit
12、h nature: outdoor lessons, regular nature walks and the construction of mud kitchens that encourage children to play in the dirt.七、汉译英(整句)52 .考虑到学生的实际需求,学校餐厅周末向学生开放。(open)(汉译英)53 .教练和运动员为决赛做了详细的训练计划,对冠军志在必得。(determine)(汉译英)54 .这家饭店对所有客人热情相迎,消费再低也不会被另眼相待。(no matter)(汉译英)55 .这个街区缺乏健身设施的问题引起了当地政府高度关注,己
13、筹措资金将一幢废弃的 厂房改建成一座老少咸宜的运动中心。(attention)(汉译英)八、其他应用文56 . Directions: Write an English composition in 120 - 150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.假设你是明启中学的学生李华,你们学校将组织一次高三学生参观大学的活动,学生可 以从“专业及课程介绍(Major and Course Descriptions)”;“参观图书馆、实验室(Library & Laboratory Visiting)”; “
14、随班学习体验(On Spot Studying)和”与教授面对面 (Dialogue with Professors)四个活动中选取两个作为主要活动,特此向高三学生征求意 见。请你写一封邮件给活动组织者,内容须包括:1 .你最感兴趣的两个活动;2 你对这两个活动感兴趣的理由。参考答案:1. from/through 2. it 3. to taste 4. raised 5. because/as/since/for6. wereharvested 7. whether/if 8. where 9. more bearable 10. can/may/could/might【导语】这是一篇说明
15、文。文章主要说明了自2015年以来,宇航员已经在空间站成功种植 了十种不同的作物,并有机会品尝每一种。周五,国际空间站为宇航员举办了一个派对,庆 祝收获了第一批在太空种植的辣椒。1 .考查介词。句意:他们的食物是包装好的,尽管有时宇航员会从(通过)补给任务中获 得新鲜的食物。表示“从中”或“通过”应用介词from或througho故填from/ througho2 .考查代词。句意:包装食品储存的时间越长,其营养损失就越大。此处指代上文packaged food,应用代词it。故填it。3 .考查非谓语动词。句意:自2015年以来,宇航员已经在空间站成功种植了十种不同的作 物,并有机会品尝每一
16、种。名词chance后跟不定式作后置定语。故填to taste。4 .考查非谓语动词。句意:周五,国际空间站为宇航员举办了一个派对,庆祝收获了第一 批在太空种植的辣椒。分析句子结构可知raise与逻辑主语the first chili peppers构成被动关 系,故用过去分词作后置定语,表被动和完成。故填raised。5 .考查状语从句。句意:“植物栖息地-04”是轨道实验室中最复杂的植物实验之一,因为辣 椒的生长时间比之前的实验植物长得多。引导原因状语从句,表示“因为”应用 because/as/since/foro故填 because/as/since/foro6 .考查时态语态。句意:
17、经过四个月的生长,这些辣椒于周五收获。主语peppers与谓语 harvest构成被动关系,且根据后文。n Friday可知为一般过去时的被动语态,谓语用复数。 故填 were harvested o7 .考查宾语从句。句意:当这些蔬菜可以吃的时候,宇航员还完成了一个感官评估。他们 对这些蔬菜的味道、颜色、外观和味道进行打分,看看这些蔬菜作为预先包装的太空食品的 补充是否有益。引导宾语从句,从句表示“是否应用whether或if。故填whether/if。8 .考查定语从句。句意:它们可以帮助保持士气,并在所有条件与地球截然不同的任务中 提供一种正常的感觉。定语从句修饰先行词missions,
18、从句缺少地点状语,故用where引导。 故填where o9 .考查比较级。句意:新鲜的蔬菜提供了一种家的味道,使长期的任务更容易忍受。表示“更 容易忍受“应用比较级,故填more bearable010 .考查情态动词。句意:有一天,它们可以/可能为火星和其他行星的长期居住提供食物 来源。后跟动词原形,结合句意表示“可能”、“可以”应用情态动词can/may/could/might。故 填 can/may/could /might o11 . F 12. G 13. E 14.115. J 16. A 17. H 18. C 19. K 20. B【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了心理学
19、家指出,自我护理可能会导致一个人在遇 到从播客到自助书籍等无处不在的建议时感到沮丧。12 .考查动词。句意:此外,关于自我护理的书籍经常名列许多人的购物清单之首。结合句 意表示“名列之首”可知应填动词top,根据。ften可知为一般现在时,主语为复数名词, 谓语用原形。故填top。故选F。13 .考查名词。句意:从表面上看,这完全有道理。结合句意表示“从表面上看”可知应填名 词surface,作宾语。故填surfaceo故选Go14 .考查动词。句意:在没有意识到自己的具体需求和一致评估的情况下进行自我护理,可 能会造成情绪、经济、心理和身体上的后果。结合句意表示“追求”可知应填动词pursu
20、e,与 Self-care构成被动关系,故用过去分词,作后置定语。故填pursued。故选E。15 .考查动词。句意:据心理健康心理学家ZishanKhan说,自我护理可能会导致一个人在 遇到从播客到自助书籍等无处不在的建议时感到沮丧。结合句意表示“出现”可知应填动词 emerge,作从句谓语,陈述客观事实用一般现在时,先行词为suggestions,谓语用原形。故 填emerge o故选I。16 .考查动词。句意:Khan说:“所以,不要让其他人的建议蒙蔽了你的内心。”结合句意 表示“蒙蔽”可知应填动词cloud,且为短语allow sth. to do sth.o故填cloudo故选Jo1
21、7 .考查名词。句意:它们的内容往往过于关注美丽和改善一个人的容貌。结合句意表示“内 容可知应填名词content,作主语,故填content。故选A。18 .考查名词。句意:选择治疗的心理学家Melissa Boudin说,当自我护理行为达到上瘾的 程度时,另一个危险就会出现。结合句意表示“上瘾”可知应填名词addiction,作宾语。故填 addiction o 故选 H。19 .考查动词。句意:“当你花大量时间思考或实践某种自我保健行为时,这可能是自我保 健已经从有益变为有害,“她说,以通过健康饮食进行自我保健为例,然后发展到饮食失调。结合句意表示“发展”可知应填动词develop,此处
22、作用不定式作结果状语,空处填动词原形。 故填develop。故选C。20 .考查形容词。句意:Lena Suarez-Angelino是一名执业临床社会工作者,她建议创建一 个活动清单,让你感觉更好,但又不会让你过度劳累。结合句意表示“得到许可的”可知应填 形容词licensed,作定语。故填licensed。故选K。21 .考查动词。句意:Lena Suarez-Angelino是一名执业临床社会工作者,她建议创建一个 活动清单,让你感觉更好,但又不会让你过度劳累。结合句意表示“过度劳累”可知应填动词 overextend, dont后接动词原形。故填overextend。故选B。22 .
23、B 22. B 23. D 24. A 25. C 26. B 27. D 28. A 29. C30. B 31. D 32. A 33. D 34. C 35. A【导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍了影响食物摄入量的因素以及饮食策略。21 .考查名词词义辨析。句意:然后,是什么决定了你摄入的食物量? A.quality质量;B. amount数量;C. nutrient营养物质;D. variety类别。根据第3空所在的“In recent years, a growing body of research has shown that our appetite and food intake
24、(摄入)are influenced by a large number of factors besides our 3 need for energy.”可知,此处讨论的 是事物的摄入量,故选B项。22 .考查名词词义辨析。句意:饥饿是关键因素的传统观念是可以挑战的。A. deliciousness 美味;B. hunger 饥饿;C. nutrition 营养;D. flavor 味道。根据前文的“You may not be right if your answer is the degree of hunger.” (如果你的答案是饥饿的程度,那么你可能是不对的)可知, 传统的观念认
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