高三英语一轮复习之构词法+课件.pptx

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1、高中英语构词法讲解人 杨姗姗.目 录构词法概述构词法细则构词法例词.构词法(WORD-FORMATION)3主要构词法派生法合成法转化法缩略法逆向法混合法.派生法(DERIVATION)一、概念一、概念 由词缀和词根结合构成单词。二、方法二、方法 1.加在前 unhappy 2.加在后 actor 3.既加前又加后 disagreement三、类别三、类别 1.前缀(一般只改变词义，不改变词性)2.后缀(一般只改变词性，不改变词义)4.常见前缀1改变词类 构成方式构成方式 例词例词a.a-asleep,aboard,asideb.be-befriend,bewitch,beheadc.em-e

2、mbark,embed,empowerd.en-endanger,encouragee.en-enrich,enlarge,endearf.out-outsmart,outnumber5智胜 比多.常见前缀2构成反义构成方式构成方式例词例词un-unable,uncertain,unhappy,unluckily,undoil-illegal,illogical,illiterateim-impolite,impossible,impatientin-informal,independent,injusticeir-irregular,irresponsible,irresistibledis

3、-disadvantage,disorder,dislike缺点 杂乱 不喜欢 .常见前缀3特定意思构成方式构成方式例词例词anti-(反)antiwar,anticancer,antipollutionauto-(自动)automobile,autotimer,auto-recordbi-(双)bicycle,binocularsco-(共同)co-operate,co-edit,co-exitdown(向下)downstairs,downhill,downwardsex-(以前的)ex-wife,ex-lover,ex-husbandfore-(前部的)forehead,foreleg,f

4、orearmfull-(完全)full-time,full-speed,full-strength7.常见后缀1名词后缀后缀后缀例词例词-anAsian,American,Russian,African-anceattendance,performance,assistance-ationeducation,examination,pronunciation-domfreedom,kingdom,wisdom,boredom-encedifference,preference,existence-erdiver,writer,dancer,reporter-eseChinese,Japanes

5、e,Portuguese-essactress,princess,goddess,hostess-hoodchildhood,neighborhood,motherhood-ianmagician,musician,historian8.常见后缀1名词后缀后缀后缀例词例词-ionaction,decision,collection,creation-istpianist,violinist,scientist,communist-ityequality,majority-mentdevelopment,movement,arrangement-nesshappiness,sadness,wea

6、kness-oractor,sailor,visitor,director-shipfriendship,leadership,ownership-urepleasure,failure,pressure9.常见后缀2形容词后缀后缀后缀例词例词-ablevaluable,miserable,comfortable,loveable-alnational,original,cultural,logical-anAmerican,African,Korean,Canadian-antimportant,pleasant,ignorant,tolerant-edexcited,interested,

7、worried,bored-enwoolen,golden,wooden,earthen-entdifferent,dependent,existent,consistent-icrealistic,poetic,historic,economic.常见后缀2形容词后缀后缀后缀例词例词-fulpeaceful,careful,helpful,useful-ingexciting,convincing,interesting,amusing-ishIrish,selfish,foolish,childish-ivecreative,active,attractive,effective-less

8、careless,homeless,endless,useless-lyfriendly,lovely,lively,early-ousnervous,dangerous,furious,famous-somelonesome,tiresome,troublesome,handsome-yrainy,windy,dirty,cloudy11.常见后缀3副词动词数词后缀后缀后缀例词例词副词后缀clearly,finally,usually,luckily动词后缀widen,sharpen,simplify,notify,memorize,apologize数词后缀twenty,fourteen,

9、ninth.合成法(COMPOUND)一、概念一、概念 将两个或多个词按照一定顺序排列构成新词。二二、类别、类别 词性词性例词例词合成名词football,blackboard,waiting-room,income,father-in-law,breakup,download合成动词daydream,overcome,quick-charge,blow-dry合成形容词kind-hearted,good-looking,fulltime,outdoor合成副词empty-handed,however合成代词myself,someone.转化法1(CONVERSION)一、概念一、概念 从词类

10、转换衍生出新的词义。二、方法二、方法 1.动词转化成名词 2.名词转化成动词 3.形容词转化成动词.转化法1(CONVERSION)动词转化为名词动词转化为名词swim(游泳)swim(游泳)lie(说谎)lie(谎言)snow(下雪)snow(雪)dream(做梦)dream(梦)water(浇水)water(水)love(爱)love(爱)plant(浇灌)plant(植物)push(推)push(推)kiss(亲吻)kiss(吻)walk(步行)walk(散步).转化法2(CONVERSION)名词转化为动词名词转化为动词形容词转化为动词形容词转化为动词book(书)book(订)cal

11、m(镇静的)calm(平静)seat(座位)seat(就坐)slow(缓慢的)slow(减慢)hand(手)hand(递)warm(温暖的)warm(热)back(后背)back(支持)dirty(脏的)dirty(弄脏)spy(间谍)spy(监视)lower(更低的)lower(降低)16.缩略法(ABBREVIATION)一、概念一、概念 将单词缩写生成新词，词义、词性等都保持不变。二二、例词、例词 1.examination exam 考试 2.refrigerator fridge 冰箱 3.telephone phone 电话.逆向法一、概念一、概念 把原词词尾去掉，形成新的单词。二、例词二、例词 1.caretaker 看管者 caretake 看管 2.editor 编辑 edit 编辑，校订.混合法一、概念一、概念 各取两个词的一部分而组成一个新词。二、例词二、例词 1.news broadcast newscast 新闻广播 2.smoke and fog smog 烟雾.20End.