初中英语被动语态的用法及易错点归纳.docx

《初中英语被动语态的用法及易错点归纳.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《初中英语被动语态的用法及易错点归纳.docx（8页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、初中英语被动语态的用法及易错点归纳一、 主动语态和被动语态的概念主动语态和被动语态是英语语法中的重要概念。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，谓语动词的过去分词形式表示动作的完成或被动接受。例如:I wrote a letter to my friend.(我给我朋友写了一封信。)The letter was written by me to my friend.(这封信是我写给朋友的。)被动语态则表示主语是动作的承受者，谓语动词的过去分词形式表示动作的完成或被动接受。例如:A letter was written to my friend by me.(我写给朋友的信。)My friend wa

2、s written to by me a letter.(我给我朋友写了封信。)二、 被动语态的结构及用法被动语态的结构为“be动词(am/is/are)+过去分词”，其中be动词用was/were表示。被动语态的用法如下:表示被动的动作或状态。例如:The window was broken by the boy.(窗户被男孩打破了。)表示强调主语的作用。例如:The cake was made by my mother.(蛋糕是我妈妈做的。)表示强调动作的执行者。例如:I was not able to finish the project on time.(我没有按时完成这个项目。)表示

3、客观描述或事实陈述。例如:The car was repaired by the mechanic.(这辆车是由机械师修理的。)用于疑问句和否定句中。例如:Was the movie good?(这部电影好吗?)He was not able to finish the project on time.(他没有按时完成这个项目。)2）不同时态中的被动语态被动语态是英语中常用的一种语态形式，用于表示动作的承受者。在使用时，需要注意不同时态的被动语态结构。现在时态的被动语态:现在时的被动语态由助动词be和过去分词构成。例如:The book is being read by many people

4、.(这本书被许多人阅读着。)The letter is written by me.(这封信是我写给你的。)过去时态的被动语态:过去时的被动语态由助动词be和过去分词构成。例如:The window was broken by the boy.(窗户被男孩打破了。)The cake was made by my mother.(蛋糕是我妈妈做的。)将来时态的被动语态:将来时的被动语态由助动词will be和过去分词构成。例如:The house will be built by the end of next month.(房子将在下个月月底之前建好。)The car will be repa

5、ired by the mechanic.(这辆车将由机械师修理。)现在完成时态的被动语态:现在完成时的被动语态由助动词have/has been和过去分词构成。例如:The window has been broken by the boy.(窗户已经被男孩打破了。)The cake has been made by my mother.(蛋糕是我妈妈做的。)3） 被动语态的用法被动语态是英语中常用的一种语态形式，用于表示动作的承受者。在使用时，需要注意不同时态的被动语态结构。表示被动的动作或状态。例如:The window was broken by the boy.(窗户被男孩打破了。)

6、表示强调主语的作用。例如:The cake was made by my mother.(蛋糕是我妈妈做的。)表示强调动作的执行者。例如:I was not able to finish the project on time.(我没有按时完成这个项目。)表示客观描述或事实陈述。例如:The car was repaired by the mechanic.(这辆车是由机械师修理的。)用于疑问句和否定句中。例如:Was the movie good?(这部电影好吗?)He was not able to finish the project on time.(他没有按时完成这个项目。)三、主动

7、语态变被动语态1）一般情况下主动语态变被动语态主动句：He closed the door.变被动句：The door was closed by him.口诀：宾变主，主变宾，谓变be done, 时不变，数格必须随被变。主动语态的句子变为被动语态时，通常需要在be动词后面加过去分词。例如:主动语态:Tom wrote a letter to his mother.被动语态:A letter was written to his mother by Tom.另外，如果主动语态中的主语在变为被动语态中的主语时，需要加上“by+动作的执行者”。例如:主动语态:The letter was wri

8、tten by Tom.被动语态:A letter was written to his mother by Tom.2）主动语态中若有双宾语主动语态中若有双宾语，在变为被动语态时，需要将第二个宾语变为主语，并在动词前加“for”。例如:主动语态:Tom sent a letter to his mother and another one to his friend.被动语态:A letter was sent to his mother and another one to his friend by Tom.3) “感使动词”是一类特殊的动词，它们通常表示感受、观察或体验，并且它们的主动

9、结构中没有“to”。例如:主动结构:I feel the cool breeze on my face.被动结构:The cool breeze was felt on my face by me.同样，“感使动词”的主动结构中没有“to”,所以主动语态变为被动语态时，不需要将“to”去掉。例如:主动结构:I listen to the music.被动结构:The music was listened to by me.四、主动形式表被动意义主动形式表被动意义是指有些动词的主动形式可以表示被动意义，而被动形式则表示主动意义。例如:主动形式:I wrote the letter.(我写了这封信

10、)被动形式:The letter was written by me.(这封信是我写的)同样，有些动词的主动形式也可以表示被动意义，如:主动形式:He saw the movie.(他看了这部电影)被动形式:The movie was seen by him.(这部电影被他看了)需要注意的是，这些动词的主动形式和被动形式在意思上并没有区别，只是语态不同。五、易错点总结（常考点）1）在时间、条件状语从句中，要用一般现在时的被动语态表示将来时的被动语态。例如:时间状语从句:Tomorrow, the letter will be sent to his mother.被动语态:The letter

11、 will be sent to his mother tomorrow.条件状语从句:If it rains, we will have to stay at home.被动语态:If it rains, we will be forced to stay at home.2）有些动词如write, read, sell, wash, open等当强调动作执行情况时，有被动语态; 当用作不及物动词来说明主语本身所具有的特征时，无被动语态。例如:主动结构:I write a letter.(我写信)被动结构:A letter was written by me.(我写了一封信)主动结构:He

12、reads a book.(他看书)被动结构:A book was read by him.(他读了一本书)主动结构:She sells flowers at the market.(她在市场卖花)被动结构:Flowers are sold by her at the market.(她在市场卖花)主动结构:I wash the dishes.(我洗碗)被动结构:The dishes were washed by me.(我洗了碗)3）有些动词如write, read, sell, wash, open等当强调动作执行情况时，有被动语态; 当用作不及物动词来说明主语本身所具有的特征时，无被动语

13、态。例如:主动结构:I write a letter.(我写信)被动结构:A letter was written by me.(我写了一封信)主动结构:He reads a book.(他看书)被动结构:A book was read by him.(他读了一本书)主动结构:She sells flowers at the market.(她在市场卖花)被动结构:Flowers are sold by her at the market.(她在市场卖花)主动结构:I wash the dishes.(我洗碗)被动结构:The dishes were washed by me.(我洗了碗)4）

14、在“tooto”结构和形容词 enough to do结构中,通常用主动形式表示被动意义。在“tooto”结构和形容词 enough to do结构中，通常用主动形式表示被动意义。例如:主动结构:I am too tired to go to bed.(我太累了，不能去睡觉)被动结构:I am too tired to go to bed.(我太累了，不能去睡觉)主动结构:The food is not good enough to eat.(这个食物不好吃，不能吃)被动结构:The food is not good enough to eat.(这个食物不好吃，不能吃)主动结构:I have

15、 enough money to buy a new phone.(我有钱买一部新手机)被动结构:I have enough money to buy a new phone.(我有钱买一部新手机)需要注意的是，在某些情况下，被动语态更符合语法规则。例如:主动结构:The cake was made by my mother.(蛋糕是我妈妈做的)被动结构:The cake was made by me.(蛋糕是我我做的)在这个例子中，“by me”更符合被动语态的语法规则。5）常见的被动语态的句型搭配常见的被动语态的句型搭配有:主语+be动词(am/is/are)+过去分词。例如:The bo

16、ok was written by me.(这本书是我写的)主语+have/has+过去分词。例如:I have washed the dishes.(我已经洗过碗了)主语+连系动词(感官动词)+be动词+过去分词。例如:The house is being painted.(房子正在被粉刷)主语+情态动词+动词原形+过去分词。例如:I am happy to help you.(我很高兴帮助你)主语+助动词+动词原形+过去分词。例如:The work has been completed by me.(这个工作已经被我完成了)需要注意的是，被动语态通常用于强调动作的承受者或结果，而不是动作的执行者。例如:主动结构:I wrote a letter to my friend.(我给我朋友写了一封信)被动结构:A letter was written to my friend by me.(我给我朋友写了一封信)在这个例子中，“by me”强调了动作的承受者是我自己，而不是其他人。学科网（北京）股份有限公司