高三英语一轮复习阅读拓展训练（二）.docx

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1、阅读拓展训练（二）1Vaccines (疫苗) may soon make their first film appearance. Led by expert Maria ACroyle, researchers have developed a thin sheet that preserves vaccines for long periods without refrigeration. This means the carefully cooled small bottles now used to ship vaccines could potentially be replace

2、d by lightweight films that can be mailed in an envelope and stored on a shelf.Croyles laboratory began developing the technology in 2007. Inspired by ambers ability to preserve the DNA of insects, the researchers set out to create their own version of the substance by mixing “a lot of sugar and a l

3、ittle bit of salt, much like hard candy”, Croyle explains. The vaccine-containing film is administered by mouth sweet news for many who dislike needles.The film is tailored to suit each specific vaccine candidate and provide a protective coating. “Weve learned over time that the key to really stabil

4、izing whatever the film holds is to have it intermixed with all the components,” Croyle says, adding that the process is quick and uses affordable, standard equipment. “We really wanted to come up with something that would be transferable to developing countries.”Immunization (免疫) programs depend he

5、avily on keeping vaccines cold (2 8) as they are transported, sometimes over thousands of kilometers to far-away locations. Delivery can be difficult and costly, and transport disruptions can cause the vaccines to be ineffective.But this new product can store live viruses, bacteria and antibodies fo

6、r several months at 20. In a paper published in Science Advances, the scientists show that the live viruses in one vaccine were preserved in the film even after 36 months. They also find that a flu vaccine suspended in their film compares favorably with a traditional flu shot (流感预防针). “The study dem

7、onstrates early proof of concept for an exciting platform for vaccine product development,” says Lisa Rohan, a pharmacologist, who was not involved in the study. She also notes that each vaccine type would need a custom formulation (配方) for future stages of development.Finding partners to mass-produ

8、ce for clinical trials is the researchers most pressing problem, Croyle says. They are also exploring packaging methods to keep their films stable up to 40.Size is a major advantage a letter-sized sheet of the film can carry more than 500 doses (剂) of vaccine, about 1/900 the weight of the same amou

9、nt of traditional doses. By making it easier and cheaper to ship and preserve vaccines efficiently, Croyle says, the technology could vastly improve immunization rates the world over, particularly in middle- to low-income countries.1What can we learn about the film?AIt contains animals DNABIt will r

10、eplace vaccines.CIt comes in different flavours.DIt can hold bio-products.2The author mentions Lisa Rohans words to _.Aadvise personalizing vaccinesBsuggest the product is promisingCprove the study is supported widelyDstress the functions of a new platform3What will be the next urgent task for Croyl

11、es team?AAdvertising the film worldwide.BImproving the films capacity.CReducing the shipping cost.DSeeking ideal manufacturers.【重点词汇】administerstabilizeequipmenttransferabledisruptionsuspenddemonstrate【认知词汇】candidatebacteriapharmacologistimmunization【中译英翻译】1.如果你养成正确的学习习惯，如记笔记，及时复习，你的成绩就会更加稳定。2.为了实现我

12、的理想，我会不遗余力地用各方面的知识来武装我自己。2A question has increasingly bothered me since I began studying our relationship with technology two decades ago: Will we ever pay attention again? The concern arose from measuring the shrinking attention spans in various work roles. Whether were talking about a Gen Z or a b

13、aby boomer, a CEO or an administrative assistant, attention spans on our computers and phones are short and declining.We tend to blame this trend on growing digital alerts and notifications, or on algorithms aimed at capturing our focus. These do play measurable roles. But it turns out that people a

14、re nearly as likely to switch their attention of their own volition. We are determined to be interrupted, if not by others, then by ourselves. Simply choosing to check our email is a major reason for interruptions. Our research found that, on average, people check their inboxes 77 times a day. More

15、than 40% of the time, they do it willingly, without being spurred by any alert. Are we doomed to see our attention spans nosedive? Completely unplugging from technology might help us recover, but few of us are ready to give up the benefits of online connections. There are possible remedies, however,

16、 if not real solutions.First, we can become more intentional in our actions by examining the reasons behind: Am I distracting myself because I am bored? Are there other options? Taking proper breaks is also important; research shows that even a 20-minute walk in nature can lead us to increase our ge

17、neration of ideas. Finally, people can plan to concentrate on important tasks when their mental resources are at their peak for avoiding distraction. Institutional decisions can also help us to preserve attention. Its not realistic to cut off email completely, but the volume can be reduced. We found

18、 that cutting email off in an organization for one workweek helped people focus longer on screens and reduced stress. Companies with an email-free day a week have reported positive results.The German companies Volkswagen and Allianz have gone a step further and adopted a policy called “Right to Disc

19、onnect”. Actually, this policy of not punishing workers for failing to answer e-communications after work hours has been instituted in Ireland and France. How does this help? A 2017 study found afterhours work communications created emotional exhaustion, and a 2014 study showed detaching from work c

20、an improve sleep. The study found when sleep deficits increase, attention spans decrease.Our online behavior is greatly influenced by the wider culture and the ever more sophisticated tools of digital technology, but we cant just blame our short attention spans on algorithms and notifications that f

21、lood in. We still own our attention, and we can take change into our own hands.4In paragraph 2, the author mentions the result of the research to show that_.Awe are likely to interrupt ourselves in most casesBpeople will sometimes voluntarily seek distractionCpeople are constantly interrupted by ema

22、il from othersDdigital alerts are not to blame for the reduced concentration5What can be inferred about the two German companies before the introduction of the “Right to Disconnect” policy?AThe companies used to punish workers for not staying connected after work.BThe employees of these companies we

23、re generally not satisfied with their job.CTheir employees had lower sleep quality compared to those in France and Ireland.DThe companies refused to adopt the policy because they wanted to make more profits.6What can we conclude about digital technology from the passage?AIts up to us human beings to

24、 decide how much we want to be distracted by it.BWe can adjust our online behavior by making some changes to digital culture.CStandards must be set to ensure that we do not fall victim to its negative effects.DThe impact of digital technology on our lives can be extended by cultural behavior.【重点词汇】b

25、othershrinkconcernassistantdeclineblamedigitalinterruptintentionalconcentratedistractionexhaustiondetach【认知词汇】notificationvolitiondoominstitutionalsophisticated【中译英翻译】1. 目前，海洋的生物多样性受到严重威胁，过度开发海洋资源是主要原因。（threaten, biodiversity，ocean, severely严重地，excessively过度地，explore）2.因为紧张，他站在舞台上，一句话都说不出来，同时，我能感受到他

26、的脸通红，且不停地出汗。看到这个情景，我特别担心他的状态。3.在课堂上，集中注意力听老师所教的内容是很有必要的。4.Jason向Lily表达了感谢，同时还从钱包里拿出了一些纸币来报答她，但是Lily委婉地拒绝接受他的纸币。3A heavy feeling on the chest. A throat thats leaden. An overwhelming feeling of isolation. Loneliness hurtsand, over time, it can put the body into a state that increases our risk of every

27、thing from heart attack and stroke to diabetes and cancer. So, evolutionarily speaking, why do we experience it?Stephanie Cacioppo, a neuroscientist at the University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, says that countless studies have helped researchers formulate a holistic(全面的)purpose for lone

28、liness. “Our social structures evolved hand in hand with neural, hormonal and genetic mechanisms to support these social structureslike couples, tribes and communitiesthat help us survive and reproduce,” says Cacioppo. Because while loneliness may be painful to experience today, for our prehistoric

29、ancestors that pain would have been a far better alternative to being caught alone with a predator on the prowl(潜行). Being social had its downsides even back thencompetition for food, for example, or contribution to the spread of pathogens(病原体). But scientists think we evolved to feel loneliness bec

30、ause it was more important to work with one another to accomplish tasks and to protect everyone. “The pain of loneliness prompted us to renew the social structure so we could survive and promote key features like trust, cooperation and collective action, explains Cacioppo. For years, researchers tho

31、ught of loneliness as a disease. But now, theyre realizing that its more of a biological hunger signal that reminds us when its time to reconnect with those around us to promote our short-term survival. If the outcomes of loneliness were entirely negative, it would no longer be a part of our DNA“Hun

32、ger and thirst protect our physical body while loneliness protects our social body,” says Cacioppo. Loneliness impacts us all differently. Some of us may find certain situations lonely even while others dont. Theres also a genetic component: Some of us are born to feel lonelier than others. Other fa

33、ctors play a role, too. The way we were treated as children can also inform how lonely we feel as adults. Lonely people spend most of their time deep within their own imaginations; they may conceptualize social encounters so much, in fact, that this part of their brain is in overdrive. That means ev

34、en though they may be desperate to form connections, when theyre around other people, theyre actually less likely to be present.7As for loneliness, which would the author agree with?AIt can lead to serious mental problems in adulthood.BIt holds potential risks and disadvantages to individuals.CIt ma

35、y reflect a persons strong desire to have social bonds.DIt is perceived in the same way as it is demonstrated by our DNA8Scientists believe that loneliness is_.Abeneficial but riskyBpainful but necessaryCnatural and powerfulDpersonal and harmful9Which would be the best title for the passage?AHumans

36、evolved to be lonely.BLoneliness is a curable disease.CLoneliness is a personal feeling.DHumans need to address loneliness.4The term “labor shortage” was Googled more in May. Headline after headline has cited wage rises and bonuses that seem to make it a job hunters market. The concept sounds simple

37、 American companies must be struggling to find the employees they need. Yet some labor economists would argue the picture isnt complete. Employers are unable to find the workers they want at the wages theyre willing to pay. Failing to appreciate this distinction could lead to policy errors down the

38、road. The laws of supply and demand should make spotting labor shortages relatively straightforward. When there arent enough workers, employers pay more to get them and wages go up. Yet quickening wage growth isnt the only mark of a shortage. The sign is seeing this trend alongside stalling (停滞) job

39、 growth. Just look at whats been happening in the leisure and hotel industry, among the most bruised by the COVID-19 shutdown. After jobs almost disappeared during the pandemic, were starting to see a rebound: In May, the industry created 292, 000 jobs, far outpacing other corners of the economy. Me

40、anwhile, average weekly earnings have been rising faster. In other words, the market is working to resolve a shortage: When employers lift wages, theyre able to attract the employees they need. Yet, the industry wages are only just meeting pre-COVID levels; they are not too high. To assess a shortag

41、e accurately, though, you need to look beyond industries to specific locations and occupations. The taxicab queuing model was used to address the debate about a shortage of workers in engineering. Employers and job openings can be thought of as taxis, while workers are a line of waiting passengers.

42、Depending on your location, there may be a long line of taxis (say, at the airport), or on the contrary a long line of passengers (at a hotel). Demand for chemistry engineers in Texas, for example, is different from chemistry engineers in Massachusetts. The bottom line is that, in the market, shorta

43、ges are not universal. Simultaneous shortages and surpluses can come to the force across the economy at any given point, which is why broad-brush policies can be counterproductive.10What does Mays rebound jobs in the leisure and hotel industry tell us?AThe leisure and hotel industry is doing a very

44、successful business.BRapid wage growth connects with stalling employment growth.CThe economy recovered quickly after the COVID-19.DEmployees are eager to work after the COVID-19.11Why does the author mention “The taxicab queuing model” in paragraph 5?ATo explain an opinion.BTo clarify a concept.CTo

45、present a fact.DTo make a prediction.12Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?AJob market is expected to be strongerBTake wisdom to assess labor shortagesCCompetitors are eager to keep talentDLet the market fix labor shortages5September 2022 was apparently the month artificial intel

46、ligence essay anxiety boiled over in academia, after a user of an AI writing service claimed to be getting straight As with essays “written” using artificial intelligence. Most professors expressed concern. One wrote, “Grading something an AI wrote is an incredibly depressing waste of my life.”As al

47、l this online depression was playing out, I asked my students, who were mostly majors in writing, to submit a 2,000-word proposal about a local issue. I asked them to rely on the AI as much as possible. After reviewing their 22 AI essays, I can tell you confidently that the technology just isnt ther

48、e. My students used free accessible text generators online and put in a lot of effort. But, if I had believed these were genuine student essays, the very best would have earned somewhere around a C or C-minus. Many of the essays had obvious red flags for AI generation: outdated facts, quotes from prior university presidents presented as current presidents, fictional professors and named student organizati