2015年-2016年全国考研真题及答案解析英语二共2套.pdf

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1、绝密启用前20201515年全国硕士研究生招生考试年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（二）（科目代码：204）考生注意事项1.答题前，考生须在试题册指定位置上填写考生编号和考生姓名；在答题卡指定位置上填写报考单位、考生姓名和考生编号,并涂写考生编号信息点。2.考生须把试题册上的“试卷条形码”粘贴条取下，粘贴在答题卡的“试卷条形码粘贴位置”框中。不按规定粘贴条形码而影响评卷结果的，责任由考生自负。3.选择题的答案必须涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上，非选择题的答案必须书写在答题卡指定位置的边框区域内。超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题册上答题无效。4.填（书）写部分必须使用黑色字迹签字笔书写，字迹

2、工整、笔迹清楚；涂写部分必须使用 2B 铅笔填涂。5.考试结束，将答题卡和试题册按规定交回。（以下信息考生必须认真填写）考生编号考生姓名2015年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题Section I Use of English Directions:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)In our contemporary culture,the prospect of commu

3、nicating withor even looking ata stranger is virtually unbearable.Everyone around us seems to agree by the way they cling to their phones,even without a 1 on a subway.Its a sad realityour desire to avoid interacting with other human beings because theres 2 to be gained from talking to the stranger s

4、tanding by you.But you wouldnt know it,3 into your phone.This universal protection sends the 4:Please dont approach me.What is it that makes us feel we need to hide 5 our screens?One answer is fear,according to Jon Wortmann,an executive mental coach.We fear rejection,or that our innocent social adva

5、nces will be 6 as weird.We fear well be_.We fear well be disruptive.Strangers are inherently 8 to us,so we are more likely to feel 9 when communicating with them compared with our friends and acquaintances.To avoid this uneasiness,we 10 to our phones.Phones become our security blanket,Wortmann says.

6、They are our happy glasses that protect us from what we perceive is going to be more 11.But once we rip off the band-aid,tuck our smartphones in our pockets and look up,it doesnt 12 so bad.In one 2011 experiment,behavioral scientists Nicholas Epley and Juliana Schroeder asked commuters to do the unt

7、hinkable:Start a 13.They had Chicago train commuters talk to their fellow 14.When Dr.Epley and Ms.Schroeder asked other people in the same train station to 15 how they would feel after talking to a stranger,the commuters thought their 16 would be more pleasant if they sat on their own,The New York T

8、imes summarizes.Though the participants didnt expect a positive experience,after they 17 with the experiment,not a single person reported having been embarrassed.18,these commutes were reportedly more enjoyable compared with those without communication,which makes absolute sense,19 human beings thri

9、ve off of social connections.Its that 20:Talking to strangers can make you feel connected.英语（二）试题.1.(共 14 页）1.A signal2.A nothing3.A beaten4.A message5.A under6.A misapplied7.A judged8.A unreasonable9.A comfortable10.A attend11.A dangerous12.A bend13.A lecture14.A trainees15.A reveal16.A voyage17.A

10、went through18.A In tum19.A unless20.A funnyPart A Directions:B permitC ticketD recordB littleC anotherD muchB pluggedC guidedD broughtB codeC noticeD signB beyondC behindD fromB misinterpretedC misadjustedD mismatchedB firedC replacedD delayedB ungratefulC unconventionalD unfamiliarB confidentC anx

11、iousD angryB tumC takeD pointB mysteriousC violentD boringB resistC hurtD decayB debateC conversationD negotiationB employeesC researchersD passengersB chooseC predictD designB flightC walkD rideB did awayC caught upD put upB In factC In particularD In consequenceB whereasC ifD sinceB simpleC logica

12、lD rareSection II Reading Comprehension Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)英语（二）试题.2.(共 14 页）Text 1 A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys,people are actually more stressed at home tha

13、n at work.Researchers measured peoples cortisol,which is a stress marker,while they were at work and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge.Fu门her contradicting conventional wisdom,we found that women as well as men have lower levels of stress at work

14、 than at home,writes one of the researchers,Sarah Damaske.In fact women even say they feel better at work,she notes.It is men,not women,who report being happier at home than at work.Another surprise is that the findings hold true for both those with children and without,but more so for nonparents.Th

15、is is why people who work outside the home have better health.What the study doesnt measure is whether people are still doing work when theyre at home,whether it is household work or work brought home from the office.For many men,the end of the workday is a time to kick back.For women who stay home,

16、they never get to leave the office.And for women who work outside the home,they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks.With the blurring of roles,and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace in making adjustments for working women,its not surprising that women are more st

17、ressed at home.But its not just a gender thing.At work,people pretty much know what theyre supposed to be doing:working,making money,doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income.The bargain is very pure:Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sust

18、aining moola.On the home front,however,people have no such clarity.Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out.There are a lot of tasks to be done,there are inadequate rewards for most of them.Your home colleaguesyour familyhave no clear rewards fo

19、r their labor;they need to be talked into it,or if theyre teenagers,threatened with complete removal of all electronic devices.Plus,theyre your family.You cannot fire your family.You never really get to go home from home.So its not surprising that people are more stressed at home.Not only are the ta

20、sks apparently infinite,the co-workers are much harder to motivate.英语（二）试题.3.(共 14 页）21.According to Paragraph 1,most previous surveys found that home.A offered greater relaxation than the workplaceB was an ideal place for stress measurementC generated more stress than the workplaceD was an unrealis

21、tic place for relaxation22.According to Damaske,who are likely to be the happiest at home?A Working mothers.B Childless husbands.C Working fathers.D Childless wives.23.The blurring of working womens roles refers to the fact that.A their home is also a place for kicking backB they are both bread winn

22、ers and housewivesC there is often much housework left behindD it is difficult for them to leave their office24.The word moola(Line 4,Para.4)most probably means.A skillsB energyC earningsD nutrition25.The home front differs from the workplace in that.A family labor is often adequately rewardedB home

23、 is hardly a cozier working environmentC household tasks are generally more motivatingD division of labor at home is seldom clear-cut英语（二）试题.4.(共 14 页）Text2 For years,studies have found that first-generation college students those who do not have a parent with a college degreelag other students on a

24、 range of education achievement factors.Their grades are lower and their dropout rates are higher.But since such students are most likely to advance economically if they succeed in higher education,colleges and universities have pushed for decades to recruit more of them.This has created a paradox i

25、n that recruiting first-generation students,but then watching many of them fail,means that higher education has continued to reproduce and widen,rather than close an achievement gap based on social class,according to the depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming in the journal Psychological Scienc

26、e.But the article is actually quite optimistic,as it outlines a potential solution to this problem,suggesting that an approach(which involves a one-hour,next-to-no-cost program)can close 63 percent of the achievement gap(measured by such factors as grades)between first-generation and other students.

27、The authors of the paper are from different universities,and their findings are based on a study involving 147 students(who completed the project)at an unnamed private university.First generation was defined as not having a parent with a fouryear college degree.Most of the first-generation students(

28、59.1 percent)were recipients of Pell Grants,a federal grant for undergraduates with financial need,while this was true only for 8.6 percent of the students with at least one parent with a four-year degree.Their thesisthat a relatively modest intervention could have a big impactwas based on the view

29、that first-generation students may be most lacking not in potential but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most college students.They cite past research by several authors to show that this is the gap that must be narrowed to close the achievement gap.Many first-gener

30、ation students struggle to navigate the middle-class culture of higher education,learn the rules of the game,and take advantage of college resources,they write.And this becomes more of a problem when colleges dont talk about the class advantages and disadvantages of different groups of students.Beca

31、use US colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social class can affect students educational experiences,many first-generation students lack insight about why they are struggling and do not understand how students like them can improve.英语（二）试题.5.(共 14 页）26.R.ecru1tmg more first-generation st

32、udents has.A reduced their dropout ratesB narrowed the achievement gapC missed its original purposeD depressed college students27.The authors of the research article are optimistic because.A their findings appeal to studentsB the recruiting rate has increasedC the problem is solvableD their approach

33、 is costless28.Th e study suggests that most first-generat10n students.A are from single-parent familiesB study at private universitiesC are in need of financial supportD have failed their college29.The authors of the paper believe that first-generation students.A may lack opportunities to apply for

34、 research projectsB are inexperienced in handling their issues at collegeC can have a potential influence on other studentsD are actually indifferent to the achievement gap30.We may infer from the last paragraph that.A universities often reject the culture of the middle-classB students are usually t

35、o blame for their lack ofresourcesC social class greatly helps enrich educational experiencesD colleges are partly responsible for the problem in question英语（二）试题.6.(共 14 页）Text3 Even in traditional offices,the lingua franca of corporate America has gotten much more emotional and much more right-brai

36、ned than it was 20 years ago,said Harvard Business School professor Nancy Koehn.She started spinning off examples.If you and I parachuted back to Fortune 500 companies in 1990,we would see much less frequent use of terms like journey,mission,passion.There were goals,there were strategies,there were

37、objectives,but we didnt talk about energy;we didnt talk about passion.Koehn pointed out that this new era of corporate vocabulary is very team-oriented and not by coincidence.Lets not forget sports in male-dominated corporate America,its still a big deal.Its not explicitly conscious;its the idea tha

38、t Im a coach,and youre my team,and were in this together.There are lots and lots of CEOs in very different companies,but most think of themselves as coaches and this is their team and they want to win.These terms are also intended to infuse work with meaningand,as Rakesh Khurana,another professor,po

39、ints out,increase allegiance to the伍m.You have the importation of terminology that historically used to be associated with non-profit organizations and religious organizations:terms like vision,values,passion,and purpose,said Khurana.This new focus on personal fulfillment can help keep employees mot

40、ivated amid increasingly loud debates over work-life balance.The mommy wars of the 1990s are still going on today,prompting arguments about why women still cant have it all and books like Sheryl Sandbergs Lean In,whose title has become a buz研ord in its own right.Terms like unplug,offline,lifi.动ack,b

41、andwidth,and capacity are all about setting boundaries between the office and the home.But if your work is your passion,youll be more likely to devote yourself to it,even if that means going home for dinner and then working long after the kids are in bed.But this seems to be the irony of office spea

42、k:Everyone makes fun of it,but managers love it,companies depend on it,and regular people willingly absorb it.As a linguist once said,You can get people to think its nonsense at the same time that you buy into it.In a workplace thats fundamentally indifferent to your life and its meaning,office spea

43、k can help you figure out how you relate to your workand how your work defines who you are.英语（二）试题.7.(共 14 页）31.According to Nancy Koehn,office language has become.A less strategicB less energeticC more objectiveD more emotional32.T earn-onented corporate vocabulary is closely related to.A sports cu

44、ltureB gender differenceC historical incidentsD athletic executives33.Khurana believes that the importation of terminology aims to.A revive historical tern飞B promote company imageC foster corporate cooperationD strengthen employee loyalty34.It can be inferred that Lean In.A voices for working womenB

45、 appeals to passionate workaholicsC triggers debates among mommiesD praises motivated employees35.Which of the following statements is true about office speak?A Linguists believe it to be nonsense.B Regular people mock it but accept it.C Companies find it to be fundamental.D Managers admire it but a

46、void it.英语（二）试题.8.(共 14 页）Text4 Many people talked of the 288,000 new jobs the Labor Department reported for June,along with the drop in the unemployment rate to 6.1 percent,as good news.And they were right.For now it appears the economy is creating jobs at a decent pace.We still have a long way to

47、go to get back to full employment,but at least we are now finally moving forward at a faster pace.However,there is another important part of the jobs picture that was largely overlooked.There was a big jump in the number of people who report voluntarily working part-time.This figure is now 830,000(4

48、.4 percent)above its year ago level.Before explaining the connection to the Obamacare,it is worth making an important distinction.Many people who work part-time jobs actually want full-time jobs.They take part-time work because this is all they can get.An increase in involuntary part-time work is ev

49、idence of weakness in the labor market and it means that many people will be having a very hard time making ends meet.There was an increase in involuntary part-time in June,but the general direction has been down.Involuntary part-time employment is still far higher than before the recession,but it i

50、s down by 640,000(7.9 percent)from its year ago level.We know the difference between voluntary and involuntary part-time employment because people tell us.The survey used by the Labor Departinent asks people if they worked less than 35 hours in the reference week.If the answer is yes,they are classi